Criminal procedure: from the courtroom to the street
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Wolters Kluwer
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Aspen College series
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 264 S. graph. Darst. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
About the Author xxv
Sources of Law 5
The U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights 5
State Constitutions 5
Appellate Courts 6
The U.S. Supreme Court 6
Statutory Law 7
State Versus Federal Procedure 7
Criminal Versus Civil Law 8
The Criminal Justice Process: Investigation to Sentencing 9
Investigation 9
Arrest 9
Initial Appearance/Bail Hearing/Arraignrnent 10
Preliminary Hearing 10
Grand jury 11
Felony Arraignment 11
Pretrial Motions 12
Plea Bargaining 12
Trial 13
Sentencing 13
Misdemeanor Trial Process 1 j
Chapter 2: The Appellate Process 17
The Federal Appellate Court Structure 19
The Federal Trial Courts 19
U.S. Court of Appeals 19
U.S. Supreme Court 20
State Appellate Structure 20
State Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court 21
The Role of the Executive Branch 22
Habeas Corpus 23
The U.S. Supreme Court and Criminal Procedure 23
Flow Does the U.S. Supreme Court Develop a Rule of Criminal
Procedure? 24
The Decision Process 24
How to Read a Case Opinion 25
Miranda v. Arizona 25
Chapter 3: The History and Development of Due Process 29
Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936) 30
What Is Due Process? 32
Due Process and Illegal Search 33
Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952) 33
The Application of the Individual Rights to the States 34
Chapter 4: The Exclusionary Rule 37
The Origin of the Exclusionary Rule 37
The History of the Exclusionary Rule 38
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961) 39
The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine 40
The Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule 41
Attenuation Doctrine 41
Good Faith Exception 42
Independent Source Exception 43
Segura v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 (1984) 43
Ultimate and Inevitable Discovery 44
Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 (1984) 44
Collateral Use Exceptions 46
Civil Cases 46
Evidence Obtained by Private Citizens 47
Probable Cause 54
Probable Cause as It Applies to an Arrest 54
Sources of Probable Cause 54
The Role of Statutory Law in the Probable Cause Arrest Decision 56
Arrest by Private Citizens 56
Arrest Warrants 56
The Search Authority of an Arrest Warrant 57
Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325 (1990) 57
Exigent Circumstances Relating to Arrests 58
Hot Pursuit 58
United States v. Santana, 427 U.S. 38 (1976) 58
Danger to Persons 59
Michigan v. Fisher 130 S. C546 (2009) 60
Escape of Suspect 60
Immediate Destruction of Evid ence 60
Search incidental to Arrest 61
United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218
Search Within the Immediate Reach and Control 63
Vale v. Louisiana, 399 U.S. 30 (1970) 64
Search of Contents of Cell Phones 65
David Leon Riley v. California, 573 U.S.______(2014) 65
United States v. Brima Wurie, 573 U.S.________(2014) 65
Detention Facility Search 67
Search of Closed Containers 67
Blood Extraction 68
Schmerberv. California, U.S. 757 (1966) 68
Exigent Circumstances: Immediate Destruction of Evidence 68
Cupp v. Murphy, 412 U.S. 291 (1973) 69
Chapter 6: Stop and Frisk 73
Terry V. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) 73
Step One: Reasonable Suspicion 75
Step Two: Identification as a Police Officer 76
Step Three: Stop 76
Step Four: General Inquiry 77
Legal Issue: Are There Any Miranda Problems Associated
with Asking the Suspect Questions? 78
Is the Suspect Required to Answer the Officer’s Questions? 78
Step Five: The Officer’s Fears Are Not Dispelled 78
Step Six: Frisk 79
Step Seven: If Weapon Found, Search 80
The Expansion of Stop and Frisk 80
United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1 (1989) 81
Stop and Frisk and Motor Vehicles 82
The Frisk and Probable Cause 83
Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993) 84
Chapter 7: Investigative Detentions and Searches 07
Traffic Stops 87
Traffic Offenses 87
Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 (1997) 88
Reasonable Suspicion Stops 89
Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325 (1990) 89
Pretextual Stops 90
Sobriety Checkpoints 90
Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 (.1990) 91
Drug Checkpoints 92
Criminal Apprehension Roadblocks 93
Immigration Checkpoints 93
Border Searches 94
United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531 (1985) 94
Chapter 8; Search and Seizure Evidence 9©
Categories of Items Subject to Search 99
Contraband 99
Instrumentalities of a Crime 100
Fruits of a Crime 100
Evidence 100
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy 100
Katz. v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) 100
Bond v. United States, 529 U.S. 334 (2000) 102
Abandoned Property 103
Greenwood v. California, 486 U.S. 35 (1988) 103
Plain View, Plain Hearing, and Plain Touch 103
Plain View 103
United States v. Montgomery Gray, 78 F.Supp.2d524 (1999) 106
Plain Hearing 107
Plain Smell 107
Plain Feel 108
Open Fields Doctrine 108
Oliver v. United, States,466 U.S. (1984) 109
Technology and Privacy 110
United States v.Knotts, 460 U.S. 2/6 (1983)
Kyllov. United States, 535 U.S.27 (2001)
United States v. Jones, 565 U.S._, 132 S. Ct. 945 (2012)
Public Exposure to Technology 113
Chapter 9: Consent Searches 119
Standing 119
Landlord and Tenant 120
Hotels 120
Stoner v. California, 376 U.S. 483 (1964) 121
Shared Standing 121
Cotenants 122
Consent to Search Motor Vehicles 124
Voluntary 125
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) 125
Knowingly 126
Scope of the Consent 126
United States v. Russell, 664 F.3d 1279 (2012) 127
Written Consent 128
Consent by Notice 128
Administrative Searches 128
Chapter 10: Vehicle Searches 131
Probable Cause Search—Motor Vehicle 132
United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982) 132
Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U.S. 42 (1970) 134
Inventory Searches 13 5
South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364 (1976) 135
Area Within Immediate Reach and Control—Motor Vehicles 136
Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009) 136
Recreational Vehicles 137
California v. Carney, 471 U.S. 386(1985) 138
Chapter 11: The Spoken Word as Evidence 145
The Miranda Rights 145
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (.1966) 146
Waiver of Rights 148
Invoking the Rights 153
Termination of Interrogation 154
Reinitiating the Interrogation 154
Maryland v. Shatzer,559 U.S.98, (2010)
Admissibility Versus Truthful Evidence 156
The Consequences of an Illegal Interrogation 136
Chapter 12: The Application of the Miranda Warnings 159
Custodial Interrogation by Law Enforcement 159
Custodial 159
Stop and Frisk 160
Traffic Stops and Miranda 161
Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984) 161
The Field Interview 162
The Police Station Interview 163
Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492 164
juveniles and School Environments 165
J. D.B, v. North Carolina, 131 S. 2394 165
interrogation 166
Unsolicited and Spontaneous Statements 167
Law Enforcement 168
Private Security 169
Interrogations by Private Citizens 170
Non-Law Enforcement Government Officials 170
The Public Safety Exception 171
New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984)
Terrorism and the Public Safety Exception 172
Chapter 13: Identification Procedures 177
Pretrial Identification Procedures 178
Lineup Procedures 179
Photographic Arrays 180
The View from the Supreme Court 180
Neilv. Biggers,409 U.S. 188 (1972) 180
Pretrial Identification Factors 183
Opportunity of the Witness to View the Suspect 183
Certainty of the Witness 183
Degree of Attention 183
Accuracy of the Description 184
Length of Time Between Crime and ID 184
Totality of Circumstances and Showups 184
Chapter 14: The Right to Trial 189
Right to a Speedy Trial 189
Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972) 190
Length of the Delay 191
Reason for the Delay 191
Defendant s Assertion of the Right to Speedy Trial 191
Prejudice to the Defendant by the Delay 191
Statutory Law 192
Right to a Public Trial 193
Right to an Impartial Trial by Jury 193
Jury Service 194
Jury Selection 195
The Jury Verdict 196
Jury Nullification 196
Right to Public Trial 197
The Impact of Publicity 197
Judicial Management of Publicity 199
Chapter 16: Double Jeopardy £03
Heathv. Alabama, 474 82 985) 204
Mistrials and Double Jeopardy 206
The Impact of an Appeal 206
Probable Cause and Double Jeopardy 206
Collateral Estoppel 207
Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436(1970) 207
Chapter 16: The Right to Counsel 211
The Landmark Case: Gideon Wainwright 211
Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963)
The Gideon Impact 213
Self-Representation 214
Determination of Indigency 215
The Attachment of the Right to Counsel 216
Selection of Appointed Counsel 216
Public Defender Systems 217
Chapter 17: Bail and Pretrial Detention 219
Determination of Bail 220
Criminal Record of the Defendant 220
Nature of the Crime 220
Community Connection 221
Defendants Resources 221
The Evidence 221
Excessive Bail 221
Pretrial Detention 222
United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987) 222
Chapter 18: Sentencing and Punishment 22§
Models of Punishment 225
Sentencing 226
Incarceration 226
Probation 227
Parole 228
Community Control 228
Monetary Fines 228
Restitution 229
Revocation of Rights or License 229
Death Penalty 229
Considerations in Sentencing 230
Criminal Record 230
Nature of the Crime 230
Status of the Victim 231
Victirris Impact 231
Offender Status 231
Age 232
Offender Remorse 232
Provocation by the Victim 232
Intoxication 232
The Impact of the Eighth Amendment 233
Weems v. United States, 217 US. 349 (1910) 234
Habitual Offender Laws 235
Ewing v. California, 538 U.S. 11 (2003) 235
Cruel and Unusual Punishment of Juveniles 236
Graham v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2011 (2010) 236
Criminalization of Disease or Addiction 237
Detention Facilities 238
Chapter 19: The Death Penalty 241
The Supreme Court Review of the Modem Death Penalty
Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) 242
Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976) 243
The Death Penally and Nonhornicicle Cases 245
Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977) 245
Juveniles and the Death Penalty 246
Mental Illness and the Death Penalty 246
Legal Terminology List 249
Table of Cases 255
Index 257
Preparing the student for a career in criminal justice, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE:
From the Courtroom to the Street, was written with the undergraduate in mind.
Drawing on deep wells of experience as a police officer and practicing criminal
defense attorney, author Roger Wright knows that criminal justice professionals
need to have an integrated understanding of legal theory, procedure, and practice.
Whether making an arrest, collecting evidence, or conducting an interrogation,
they must be able to make sound legal decisions in action.
On the Street hypotheticals that exemplify the decisions and actions
of criminal justice professionals in a variety of scenarios
Key appellate cases, presented in a straightforward style, that convey
a practical understanding of criminal procedure
Readable text, focused on the legal decision-making skills needed when
making an arrest, collecting evidence, or conducting an interrogation
Logically organized topics that are pertinent to the actual work of criminal
justice professionals:
□ Section I provides an overview of the criminal justice process
□ Section II covers search and seizure
□ Section III surveys the issues surrounding the spoken word as evidence.
□ Section IV delves into several constitutional issues that impact how
criminal procedure unfolds in the courtroom
Applying the law of Criminal Justice
|
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