Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí: stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades
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| Sprache: | German English |
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Praha
Scriptorium [u.a.]
2013
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| Schriftenreihe: | Documenta Pragensia
32,1 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassungen d. einzeln. Beitr. in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 596 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788086852577 9788087271957 9788074147098 |
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| adam_text | Documenta Pragensia XXXII/1 (2013)
Jan Klápště, The archaeology of cities in the Czech lands.
A brief review of two decades (pp. 47-65)
Following 1989, an entirely new structure of urban archaeology began
to be created in the Czech lands with the involvement of institutions
of various type and focus. The archaeology of medieval urban areas
in the country found itself in a situation comparable to many other
European countries. Field excavations resulting from construction
and other activity are conducted at a fast and demanding tempo.
These excavations have produced vast assemblages of information
that cannot be positively evaluated once and for all. A concept is
being promoted in which collections are made available in find
reports and are then studied again according to additional systems of
questions. Bibliographic surveys of urban archaeology contain long
lists of publications from the past two decades. Topics that have been
addressed over the long-term include the urbanisation of the Czech
lands, the study of the areas surrounding castles and the research
of other Early Modern period structures. A primary archaeological
topic is original spatial behaviour and early ‘urban’ construction, be
it from wood, earth or stone. Thanks to the reconstruction of public
spaces, numerous works on this part of archaeology have also been
produced in this country, many on the subject of the everyday life
of the medieval town or city. However, it is precisely in this case
that closely following the archaeological lines would be particularly
misleading. Instead, credit for the unusual increase in learning possi-
bilities goes to fields dealing with ‘archaeological ecofacts,’ especially
archaeobotany, archaeozoology and palynology. Czech archaeology
has also finally discovered the subject of relationships between the
urban area and its surrounds.
Nevertheless, the future of archaeology requires the systematic
development of two communication tasks transcending narrow
specialised boundaries. First of all, urban archaeology cannot suc-
cessfully function without a systematic dialogue with the broader
public. The second task is aimed at an interdisciplinary assessment
of research and social science and natural science fields contributing
to the study of medieval urban areas.
568
Summary /Zusammenfassung
Ivan Hlaváček, On Czech research into Bohemian medieval
cities after 1989 (pp. 67-93)
The research of urban history has enjoyed long-term popularity.
Due to the fact that amateurs have at times also contributed to such
research, the results are varied. Nevertheless, the work of lay histo-
rians need not be discounted, since they often had access to sources
that no longer exist today. With regard to the manner in which
they were published, it is necessary to maintain a certain degree of
circumspection.
The period following 1989 was marked in general by dynamic
development, especially in the field of historiography. This is particu-
larly true for the study of urban areas, since many (though not all)
local and regional authorities act as patriots and ‘cultivate’ their own
history. This also concerns the Middle Ages, i.e. a period to which
the beginnings of the majority of locations are tied. There is however
a certain peril related to oscillations in distinguishing between the
actual founding and the first written mention of a specific municipal-
ity. Although the auxiliary sciences of history provide key support
in this matter, they are not a panacea. Although images of medieval
Bohemian and Moravian towns and cities can be found in compre-
hensive monographs, these works are often conceived in a way that
does not present the Middle Ages in a detailed or three-dimensional
manner. Often the works do not even critically evaluate the available
material to an adequate extent. For this reason, analytical studies
are probably more innovatively important from the perspective of
methodology and the materials that are used. Although these studies
primarily concern legal, institutional and administrative life, readers
also consider texts on mundane concerns, which provide an image
of the urban micro-world with the concrete names of residents. How-
ever, the study of legal life in the broader sense should be of primary
interest, naturally in the narrow context of social and economic
history. Also published in the period in question were importam
works that edited sources (M. Flodr, F. Hoffmann, V. Spáčil, etc.)
and investigated legal matters (J. Kejř, etc.). Significant progress
was also made in the analysis of diplomatic material, especially with
regards to testaments and urban church history. Likewise significant
is the large city history atlas project, which as yet is lacking an overall
medievalist evaluation.
569
Documenta Pragensia XXXll/1 (2013)
Near-term tasks include the further publication of the earliest town
books and collections of documents, regardless of whether they are
published in the traditional proven manner or as online editions,
naturally with the necessary diplomatic analysis.
(Author’s summary)
Josef Hrdlička, Early Modern Bohemian cities as a subject of
research over the past two decades (pp. 95-123)
The study attempts to present the development of Early Modern
period Bohemian urban historiography following 1989. The introduc-
tion describes the basic characteristics of the subject, including the
fragmentation of research, the predominance of analytical works,
the concentration on the history of the sixteenth century and the
first half of the seventeenth century, the prevailing closed nature of
Czech research and the lack of a research centre that would focus
mainly on the study of urban areas. The beginning of research fol-
lowing the regime change in the country was in fact characterised
by significant personnel, thematic and methodological continuity
with research that had begun to appear primarily in the 1980s and
was not encumbered by Marxist ideology. Subjects included the
history of capital justice, everyday and material culture, burgher
cultures and education, and the history of urban administration.
On the other hand, other research trends that had gained popular-
ity in previous years were gradually relegated to the margins of
academic interest. These subjects mainly included urban economic
history, the role of cities in the contemporary political system, and
the history of urban law, which only now is beginning to attract
renewed interest. In the intervening years, only a few of the research
projects that continued from the period prior to 1989 have been the
beneficiaries of methodological innovations that have transformed
the aforementioned traditional topics of Czech historiography into
new challenges. Impulses from foreign historiography have often
contributed to this process. This is true, for example, in the case of
the history of the urban political, economic and cultural elite and
the issue of residential cities. In addition to these, entirely new sub-
jects and methodological approaches also appeared, including the
570
Summary / Zusammenfassung
history of women, social conflicts and the religiosity of townspeople.
In contrast, the new methodologies could not significantly transform
other topics. The work also briefly touches upon publications of
urban sources that have come out over the past two decades, while
also evaluating three attempts at a synthesising view of the develop-
ment of Bohemian cities in the Early Modern period. Brief attention
is likewise paid to syntheses of individual Bohemian towns and cities,
encyclopaedias and projects involving historical atlases of towns
and cities in the Czech Republic. In connection with the observed
closed nature of Czech urban historiography, the work subsequently
attempts to suggest a path for closer links between domestic research
and the foreign environment, a pursuit with which certain Czech
historians have enjoyed success.
(Author s summary)
Rudolf Procházka, Using history and archaeology to obtain
knowledge on Moravian and Silesian royal cities from the 13th
century (pp. 125-164)
Studying the transformation of early medieval agglomerations and
market villages into institutional towns and cities, the founding and
the earliest establishment and appearance of new cities is an impor-
tant part of the process of understanding the early urbanisation of the
Czech lands. Compared to later centuries, the study of the thirteenth
century features some specific characteristics. On one hand, the
absence of sources of an accounting nature limits the possibilities of
studying the social, property and labour structures of urban society.
However, archaeology and the natural sciences make it possible to
learn a great deal about the transformation of settlement structures,
diet, household furnishings, various areas of life such as entertain-
ment and burial customs, and even about the natural environment
of late pre- and post-location settlements.
The last twenty years have witnessed the publication of many
multidisciplinary studies of certain aspects of urban development
in the Czech lands as well as several comprehensive monographs,
especially works by Josef Žemlička and František Hoffmann and.
from the field of archaeology, Jiri Doležel and the author of th
Documenta Pragensia XXXII/1 (2013)
article. A number of studies on the urban beginnings in south and
east Moravia have also been published. Noteworthy in this regard
is Jiří Doležeľs work on the urbanisation of the Brno area, which
emphasises the development of market relations and spheres, and
Martin Wihoda’s work on urban beginnings in Silesia. The impor-
tance of archaeological research increases in general for the period
in which urban areas were established, and the role of Margrave
Vladislav Jindřich has been clarified. Among purely historical
topics, research on urban law has made considerable progress (Jiří
Kejř, Miroslav Flodr, Vladimír Spáčil, Dalibor Janiš). In the area of
social structures it is necessary to mention studies mapping the Brno
urban elite (Ludmila Sulitková, Jiří Doležel); the issue of nationality
was also addressed, even though the focus in this field is on later
centuries. Relevant passages in monographs on urban history also
addressed the thirteenth century. Noteworthy among works on royal
cities include those on the history of Jihlava, Opava and Ivančice,
in which archaeological information was used to a greater extent to
form a more three-dimensional description compared to traditional
works based purely on written sources.
Archaeological research has advanced over the past two decades
thanks to the emphasis on rescuing archaeological monuments
threatened by construction in historical towns and cities. In the most
prominent royal cities, archaeology has been successful in clarifying
spatial relations with respect to pre-location settlement and the basic
features of urban transformation. Good results in the field of the crea-
tion of the urban character, the ground plan and the development of
construction with an emphasis on clarifying the transition from wood
to stone houses were achieved in particular in Brno, Jihlava and Opava
(David Merta, Marek Peška, Michal Zezula and others); the building
of cellars proved to be an important civilisation phenomenon. Less
attention has been paid thus far to the other components of urban
construction, especially wells and various production structures and
relics. Remarkable results have also been achieved recently in the
research of the character of town squares and streets (Michal Zezula,
František Kolář), and the history of fortifications has been clarified at
least in Brno and Opava (Václav Kolařík, Michal Zezula, et al.). The
study of silver mining in the Jihlava region has experienced a great
boom (Petr Hrubý). A number of separate studies addressed the issue
of trade and commerce, including the material relics of this activity
572
Summary / Zusammenfassung
such as coins, scales and weights. This issue is naturally not only one
of an urban nature (Roman Zaoral, Jiří Doležel).
Also noteworthy is the study of church buildings, mendicant
monasteries and churches, especially those in Brno and Opava. In
the realm of material culture, impressive results were achieved in the
study of glass (Hedvika Sedláčková), which represents a certain social
indicator for the relevant period, and pottery (Rudolf Procházka),
as well as specific artefacts connected to spiritual life (Josef Bláha).
This selected overview has not covered all the subjects related to
the thirteenth-century urban areas; for example, the issue of town
castles, church and monastery architecture, the anthropology of the
population and others have been omitted. Nevertheless, it is clear
that the study of Moravian urban areas of the thirteenth century is
not a stagnating field, despite its uneven development. Particularly
promising is the boom in the research of urban law related to the
rehabilitation of the importance of legal history. Greater attention
should be paid to the relationship between ruling power and the
urban areas, including additional studies of feudal privileges from
various perspectives, especially in south Moravia. Significant progress
has been made in research on the beginnings of royal cities; scholars
have managed to a great extent to explain the spatial development
of settlement from the pre-location period and to clarify many
details of urbanisation in the High Middle Ages. This field in par-
ticular requires close cooperation between history and archaeology;
a great deal of work remains to be done, including the publication
of important information obtained from the incalculable number of
rescue excavations. A related matter is the inadequately processed
and published chronology of material culture, in particular pottery,
from many urban areas. A more refined chronology would help
better verify the conclusions reached by the authors of archaeological
studies. Lacking from the field of social structures is a comparative
study of the group of burghers that appears in written sources from
the thirteenth century in individual, mostly royal, cities. It will also be
necessary to study the transformation of the surroundings of urban
areas, and greater attention should be paid to towns and various
transitional units to get a better understanding of the dynamic and
structured nature of the urbanisation process.
From an organisational perspective, the expansion of u:r
research would help strengthen its academic standing, i.e. its prc
Documenta Pragensia XXXIl/l (2013)
at institutions that would develop multidisciplinary cooperation on
a level corresponding to modern trends.
(Author s summary)
Hana Jordánková - Ludmila Sulitková, Historiography in
relation to Moravian royal cities in the Middle Ages and Early
Modem era, and editions of urban records (pp. 165-249)
The authors provide a complete overview of historiographical works
on Moravian royal cities in the Middle Ages (with the exception of
the founding period) and the Early Modern period (up until the
1620s) from the last twenty years, along with an evaluation of the
status and release of sources of town provenance in publications.
Although special emphasis is placed on an entirely new conceptual
sphere of research interest, the overview naturally includes fun-
damental research subjects which, despite being based on earlier
studies, implement innovative methodological approaches.
In addition to numerous individual studies, knowledge of the
development stages of Moravian royal cities was advanced consider-
ably by new monographs on individual towns and cities (Jihlava,
Olomouc, Uherské Hradiště, Znojmo and Brno - for the last two this
involves the first volume of general history - and, of the cities that
were royal only in the Middle Ages, Hodonín, Jemnice and Ivančice).
Of equal importance were publications of selected sources of town
provenance; publication activity was concentrated mainly in Brno,
Olomouc and Jihlava, for both the Middle Ages and Early Modern
period.
From the perspective of the intensity of interest in individual
locations, the results of historiography from the past two decades are
somewhat unbalanced; this applies for the evaluated period relating
to towns that used the status of royal city for a long period of time,
especially Uničov and, to a lesser extent, Uherské Hradiště and
Znojmo, while for the other three cities - Brno, Olomouc and Jihlava
- historiographical production was extraordinarily rich in terms of
quality and quantity. Overall, it can be stated that historiography
in the field of the concentrated study of the history of royal cities in
Moravia has made great advances over the past twenty years.
(Authors summary)
574
Summary / Zusammenfassung
Bronislav Chocholáč, Feudal cities in Moravia during the
Early Modern era in the light of research over the last two
decades (pp. 251-277)
Feudal (seignorial) cities and towns in Moravia in the Early Modern
period included urban sites with hereditary lords, royal cities, feudal
towns as legal subjects, aristocratic and church institutions and
earlier royal cities under long-term pledge (which was never paid
off). Their numbers increased during the Early Modern period.
Around the year 1500, the margraviate consisted of forty-seven towns
and one-hundred and fifty-two small towns; in the 1670s there were
fifty-seven towns and one-hundred and ninety-two small towns;
approximately one-hundred years later there were seventy-six towns
and one-hundred and eighty-eight small towns. The density of the
urban network in Moravia in the Early Modern period was lower
than in the Kingdom of Bohemia, mainly due to the small number
of royal cities; on the other hand, towns in the Moravian margraviate
played the greatest role in the urbanisation of the land (towns made
up 75% of the Second Moravian Land Register). Nevertheless, indi-
vidual urban locations differed greatly not in the number of residents
and houses but also in their cultural and economic potential.
The presented study analyzes the level and status of research of
these urban sites and their populations over the past two decades. On
one hand, the work notes the persistent absence of modern syntheses;
on the other hand, it finds a large number of wide-ranging studies
providing results from a vast spectrum of research subjects, some
of which have maintained continuity with projects from the 1970s
and 1980s (documentary editions, the study of capital justice and
the social-economic circumstances of burghers). The topics more
systematically studied in the relevant period included the history
of the Jewish population, church history, in particular research on
religious brotherhoods, and the investigation of the economic condi-
tions of feudal urban areas and their residents, primarily the study of
financial circumstances and loans to the subordinate population in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
With varying degrees of intensity, the new topics inspired by
modern European urban study were reflected in research (the
study of the reverence of burghers, subjects of broadly cone
cultural history, etc.), much of which, unfortunately, involve
Documenta Pragensia XXXI 1/1 (2013)
individual analytical studies. Nevertheless, the situation described
above represents a future base for successful systematic study (at the
regional level) on a range of research topics, which should then be
culminated by a modern synthesis of Early Modern period urban
areas in Moravia and Bohemia.
(Author s summary)
Irena Korbelarovâ, Early Modern Silesian cities as a subject
of research over the past two decades (pp. 279-299)
The relatively extensive network of urban areas that existed in Silesia
in the Early Modern period was rather differentiated from the per-
spective of legal standing and political importance, size, economic
focus, the degree of development and culturally social character.
Of the total number of 165 urban locations (in the 1720s), less than
twenty were of principalities or free aristocratic domains; around
sixty were regional centres and the seats of the relevant administra-
tive offices (formally royal/princely, and feudal towns), and the
remaining were primarily administrative, religious and trade centres
of the respective region, either small or medium-sized. Essentially
only Wroclaw (Breslau) was similar to large western European cities
with respect to size (an estimated population of 30,000), exterior
appearance and functions. Although the historiography of the
past two decades, both Czech and foreign (especially German and
Polish), has addressed the issue of Silesian urban areas in the Early
Modern period, they have not been studied to the extent that the
mentioned locations individually or as a group deserve. Compared
to the earlier period, a definite decline in interest can be observed
in German historiography Despite the fact that Polish historians
have addressed selected questions concerning the development of
Silesian urban areas, they have primarily focused on producing
monographs of individual towns and cities, not on the synthetic treat-
ment of chosen spheres of issues. In contrast to the earlier period,
there has been increased interest in Silesian urban areas of the Early
Modern period among Czech historians, not only in connection with
‘Austrian Silesia’, but the entire historical Silesia as a whole. The
results of activities of professional institutions in Opava have been of
576
Summary / Zusammenfassung
particular benefit (The Silesian Institute of the Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, the Silesian Museum, the Department of
Historical Sciences in the Faculty of Philosophy and Science at the
Silesian University).
(Author s summary)
Peter Johanek, The state of German research into cities of the
Middle Ages and Early Modern era over the past twenty years
(pp.301-340)
The article recalls the difficulties in summarising German research
on the history of medieval and Early Modern period urban areas
over the last two decades; the bibliography of these works for the
years 1987-2000 alone contains 7,872 titles, thus reflecting the
enormous interest in the given subject. Another problem in defining
German research is its connection with foreign (primarily Austrian
and Swiss) projects and the fact that a national division of European
historiographical studies - especially in German-speaking lands - is
essentially impossible.
The author raises the question of whether the past two decades
have brought about any significant changes to the research of
medieval and Early Modern period urban areas. His response is
affirmative: many new areas of research also appeared in German
historiography after 1990.
The overview of the state of German historiography dedicated
to the history of medieval and Early Modern urban areas first
outlines the organisation of this research. The work notes the lack
of specialised departments at German universities that would be
devoted exclusively to the relevant subject. Five organisations that
concentrate on the history of urban areas and are involved in the
research and promotion of activities in this field are named. Over the
past two decades, new impulses that have contributed to the inten-
sification of research activity came in the form of special new state
subsidies supporting specific research projects for a limited period of
time. Research into the history of medieval and Early Modern period
urban areas has also developed with international cooperation at the
universities in Bielefeld, Trier and currently in Dresden.
577
Documenta Pragensia XXXI1/1 (2013)
The following overview of the research results of German histo-
riography in the field of medieval and Early Modern urban areas
over the past twenty years emphasises the fundamental influence of
new cultural history. The work notes basic manuals on the topic, the
basis of which, in the case of the Middle Ages, was formed by topics
respecting the classic cannon of German historiography — questions
concerning the appearance of urban areas and their types, the history
of government and economic and social history. In addition to the
issues of historical demography and urbanism, the major influence
of new cultural history is also evident in summarising manuals for
the Early Modern period.
The stagnation in the publication of documents on the history
of urban areas after 1990 has been partially offset in recent years by
new interest in the publication of town records. Playing an important
role in this process has been German archives and the use of new
methods for releasing archive materials in digital form. Cartographic
and iconographic sources have become key materials for the history
of medieval and Early Modern urban areas. In addition to their
prominent role in the release of sources on the history of urban
areas, archives were also valuable in the actual reconstruction of
their history.
Monographs and anthologies, which became an important means
of research communication for contemporary scholars, addressed the
history of urban and state government and law (council elections,
the role of conflict and consensus, town republicanism, villages,
town and burgher law, written culture, symbolic communication),
as well as legal (the history of criminality), economic, church
(brotherhoods, parishes, religiosity, foundations) and social history.
The application of prosopographical research increased dramatically
and, influenced by cultural history and the study of everyday life,
questions of urbanisation were also investigated (outputs include a
large number of atlases of individual towns and cities). Discussion of
the significance of the term ‘city or town’ continued even after 1990.
The connection of historiography and archaeology contributed to
the research of urban topography, and new attention has also been
focused on the study of urban iconography. The study of the history
of urbanisation was often combined with demographic research.
At the same time, more attention was also paid to smaller locations
and, on the other hand, residential cities. The subject of the city, its
578
Summary / Zusammenfassung
landscape, the surrounding area and the network of internal and
external relations also became a focus of research interest. Interest
in urban historiography should also be mentioned.
The article points out the future need to develop international
collaboration in German historiography aimed at the history of
medieval and Early Modern urban areas, including translations
of the most important professional texts from Central European
languages.
Ferdinand Opll, Medieval and Early Modern Austrian cities as
a research topic in the past twenty years (pp. 341-373)
In connection with studies published in 2000 and 2005, the article
provides an overall view of the development over the past two
decades. From a geographical perspective, the area was demarcated
by the borders of today’s Austria and hence does not offer a view of
the ‘Old Austria5 within the borders of the Habsburg Empire. The
article focuses on works on urban history in this territory by Austrian
scholars, the majority of which were also published in Austria. The
chronological focus of the work is on the High and Late Middle
Ages and the Early Modern era (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries).
Special attention is paid to monographs on urban history conceived
as historical syntheses (from their founding up to the present
day).
The overview is essentially divided into:
1. a sketch of the overall conditions for research into urban history
in Austria in the given period; the conditions are shown as the
foundation for initiatives, their success/failure, and the realisation
of larger projects;
2. an attempt at an exemplary statistical evaluation of works on the
history of medieval and Early Modern urban areas in Austria, with
special attention being paid to the value and significance of these
studies in the body of work on urban history;
3. an analysis of apparent trends in the relevant research work,
including a look at the manner in which Austria reacted to inter-
national research trends, i.e. whether they were acknowledged and
utilised, or whether they were mostly overlooked.
4. an outline of possible perspectives for the future.
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Documenta Pragensia XXXll/1 (2013)
‘Tour d’horizon’ revealed that, between 1990 and 2010, a number
of significant achievements in works on urban history that can be
documented both quantitatively and qualitatively faced a serious
deterioration in conditions for institutional research. Noteworthy in
this regard is not only the publication of numerous monographs on
individual towns and cities, including works on the main regional
city and Vienna, but also large projects with the nature of manuals
and series. Examples include the Österreichisches Städtebuch series,
lexica on urban history and the Österreichischer Städteatlas series.
It is also apparent that scholars dealt with research trends, even if
this was more of a response to international currents and did not
involve a great deal of innovation directly from Austria itself. Despite
evident threats that even urban history faces due to the financial
crisis, the final summary pointed out the continuing attractive nature
of the topic, including the creation of two awards for publications
on the topic.
(Author’s summary)
Thomas Manetsch, The research of urban history in Switzer-
land since 1990. Conditions, trends and perspectives for the
medieval and Early Modern period city (pp. 375-409)
The submitted summary of research results in the field of Swiss urban
history over the past twenty years is reason to draw attention to the
growing interest in the subject of the medieval and Early Modern
period city from a modern perspective. It is therefore possible to
formulate a hypothesis which, due to the threatening desperation
over today’s urban development, the unstructured phenomenon
known as ‘urban sprawl’ effecting the entire Swiss ‘Mittelland’ with
all its negative consequences (the destruction of the environment, the
vanishing identity of areas as a result of architectural homogeneity,
the collapse of transport infrastructure and the unravelling of social
relations in an urban agglomeration dubbed the ‘Megacity’), can
encourage and legitimise the expansion of research on the early city.
However, an evaluation of the results of research on urban history
over the past two decades must include reflections on the historical
development of cities in Switzerland, as the characteristics of the
urban networks, their space between them and their gravitational
580
Summary / Zusammenfassung
centres determine the results of research in terms of content: the
dominance of larger city-states with substantial territory (Bern,
Luzern, Zürich) to which many smaller rural towns are linked politi-
cally and economically. Besides this, centres known as ‘Länderorte’,
medium-large settlements lacking the quality of cities, however held
within the confederation and from a legal perspective a position
equal to large cities. Likewise, various quantitative assessments of
individual cities can ֊ on the second level of institutional conditions
for the study of urban history ֊ be addressed as a consequence of the
specific form of the Swiss network of cities. The power superiority of
former city-states over smaller cities and towns can be explained in
historiography on the basis of the fact that important archives and
all of the universities are found in the former mentioned.
Although there is no formal facility at the academic level in Switzer-
land (with the exception of the Swiss Association for the Study of
Urban History (Schweizerischer Arbeitskreis für Stadtgeschichts-
forschung) where research is conducted on the medieval and Early
Modern period city from a historical perspective, many publications
do address urban history. The political relaxation in Central and
Eastern Europe that occurred in 1989/1990 had no significant impact
on this development, neither in the area of research work nor from the
perspective of its conceptual focus. The same is true for the numerous
individual publications on urban history; the idea that the apparent
triumph of capitalism and the end of the Cold War have an impact
the interpretation of facts and the choice of subjects should however
not be hastily rejected. Perhaps the declining interest in quantitative
economic research can be explained by the fact that scholars at the
end of the twentieth century were confident that they had found the
definitive answer to the question of the most successful economic
model.
From the perspective of classic legal, economic and social aspects
of urban history, four areas of research that appeared in recent years
have been profoundly influenced by the concept of ‘linguistic turn’
and other ‘turns’ that returned historiography to its linguistic-logical
roots and subsequently increased its sensitivity to the historicization
of language and verbal communication, space and image. This
indicates the rather significant international engagement of Swiss his-
toriography, within which, however, it is not possible to speak of the
specific creation of these historical theories. In any case, in addition
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Documenta Pragensia XXXI1/1 (2013)
to the way the city was considered in the past and the legal and sym-
bolic contexts it was grounded in, equally interesting information was
also obtained on the everyday conditions in which communication
occurred within the city or between cities. The research of symbolic
behaviour occasionally showed a substantial overlap of discourse
with the spatial category, at the very least in studies on the issue of
borders and relations across borders, or in cases involving affronts
to honour and the defence of honour.
Ján Lukačka - Martin Štefánik, The past two decades of Slovak
research into the history of Slovak medieval cities (pp. 411-428)
The issue of the history of medieval towns and cities has enjoyed
long-term interest in Slovak historiography thanks to the fact that the
network of urban areas in Slovak territory was nearly three times as
dense as in other Hungarian lands. In the absence of specific Slovak
political history of the Middle Ages, urban areas therefore represent
a valuable research subject. Research is conducted along two basic
lines: theoretical works focus on individual and general questions
regarding the founding and development of medieval urban areas,
while practical and concrete works are mostly monographs or
anthologies devoted to specific sites. The Section for the History of
Cities at the Slovak Historical Society has been the supervisor and
organiser of theoretical research since the beginning. Systematic
and methodological research problems were discussed during
thematically organised scientific events. Those with the participation
of foreign historians were especially beneficial (Hungary, Czech
Republic, Austria and Poland). Despite serious financial constraints,
organisers have always made efforts to publish articles from the
activities in the form of anthologies, most recently as a collective
monograph. Thematically or regionally focused collections were
produced (Mining Towns in Slovakia, Towns in the Danube Region,
Towns in the Spiš Region, Town Administration, National Develop-
ment in Towns, Communication in the Medieval Town, Criminality
and Justice in Urban History); these works were accompanied by
numerous studies in periodicals and in collections devoted to other
topics partially related to urban studies.
582
Summary / Zusammenfassung
At this stage of research and with the progressive addition of
sources on the history of urban areas, the inventory of town archives,
research in archaeology, art history and the auxiliary historical
sciences as well as new possibilities for releasing medieval sources
thanks to digitalisation and the Internet, it became increasingly
necessary to compile a comprehensive research work, encyclopaedic
in nature, that would provide clear and systematic information on
the history of individual towns and cities. A large project born at
the Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences entitled
Lexicon of Medieval Towns in Slovakia, with the participation of twenty
experts from the rank of historians and archivists, was realised in
2007-2010. The output of the project is a representative publication
of the same name that not only provides a synoptic presentation
and review of current knowledge but also introduces a great deal of
information on the latest important excavations from recent years
conducted at forty-seven sites in Slovakia, including excavations
executed directly in connection with the project. Each entry (town
or city) in the Lexicon has a fixed structure of eleven chapters. The
publication is supplemented by a vast scientific apparatus (7,059
annotations with tens of thousands of references to sources and
literature) and therefore represents the largest synthesising work
from the past two decades connected with the history of medieval
urban areas in Slovakia.
(Authors summary)
Eva Kowalska, Early Modern cities as a research topic in Slovak
historiography over the past two decades (pp. 429-437)
Over the past two decades, Slovak historiography has devoted
significant attention to the history of Early Modern urban areas.
However, a synthesising work on the urban phenomenon, which is
typical for modern urban history, is still lacking. Monographs on
individual locations and thematically focused anthologies are the
main sources for studying the history of Slovak towns and cities.
Slovak historiography has made a significant advance in the area of
methodology, as is evident in the choice of topics and in the applica-
tion of new methodological procedures. Subjects include the issue
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Documenta Pragensia XXXII/1 (2013)
of the burgher elite and, in the field of methodology, the procedures
of new cultural history (e.g. microhistory). Advances have also been
made in the publication of sources on the history of Early Modern
Slovak urban areas.
A current goal of Slovak research is a structured and methodo-
logically innovative study in the realm of urban history.
Katalin Szende, Research on the towns of medieval Hungary
since 1989 (pp. 439-469)
Research on the towns of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary is
a challenging but very rewarding task. In this context, universities,
town museums and town archives have been the most important
institutions of focus in the last few decades, not only as repositories
and even as publishers of pertinent source materials, but also for
conducting research themselves. A further driving force behind
the architectural and topographical investigation of medieval town
centres was the boom of modern building projects. In the framework
of such research, a significant factor is that the towns of medieval
Hungary are located today on the territory of no less than eight
different countries: Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Austria,
Ukraine, Serbia and Slovenia. In seeking to compile a general
overview of results, one therefore needs to draw on the results of the
work of colleagues from all these different countries.
In recent times urban historical research on the towns of Hun-
gary has followed three different but nevertheless complementary
directions, based on their respective foci. Work on written materials
has dealt mainly with issues relating to social and economic history.
In investigating the topography and material culture of the given
settlement, archaeological evidence has been indispensable because
of the lack or destruction of written sources relating to many towns.
Finally, maps and other visual representations have provided an
alternative starting point for tackling questions relating to the physi-
cal layout and morphology of settlements as well as offering insights
into the image and perception of towns.
Concerning the period between the eleventh and the first half of
the thirteenth century, a clearer image has emerged of early urban
development which characterized settlements with central functions
584
Summary / Zusammenfassung
before the time kings began issuing town privileges. Traces of
proto-urban development in the form of several spatially dispersed
settlement nuclei have been identified in a number of royal and
episcopal centres of the eleventh-twelfth centuries as well as in
smaller centres of local significance. In this context the fortified seats
of royal counties which served as administrative centres have been
the subject of intensive investigations, initially as strongholds but
also as settlements. Attention has also been directed to the question
of how long and in which way these fortified county seats and their
suburbia retained, expanded or lost their central functions during
the extensive social transformations of the thirteenth century. These
investigations reveal that very few of these early centres became
important towns; a significant number of them developed into
market towns (small towns) and thus became second-rate elements
in the settlement hierarchy, while others failed to reach even this
level and were reduced to simple villages or were abandoned over
time.
From the 1230s onwards, Hungary’s urban development fol-
lowed a pattern similar to that of Western Europe, both in terms
of the towns’ outward appearance as well as their legal status and
administration. Research into this process has awakened a renewed
interest in privilege charters as sources not only on the legal position
of towns but also on royal urban policy and on issues like domination
and identity. These charters introduced the use of the written word
into urban life, making literacy (alongside with orality) one of the
favourite topics of comparative research. The investigation of serial
sources such as wills, property registers and town council protocols
has yielded new insights into medieval and Early Modern urban
society (particularly the elite), including the issues of governance and
religiosity. Analysis of the leading social strata also revealed signifi-
cant information on the different ethnic groups present in the towns.
Several studies have looked at how this coexistence functioned in
practice in various aspects of daily life such as administration, the
economy, religion and the use of languages.
For the Late Middle Ages it is especially important that well-estab-
lished criteria are available to help distinguish between settlements
with urban functions and mere villages. To provide a more objective
way to settle this question, Andras Kubinyi devised a quantitative
method for defining the degree of centrality, which he applied to an
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Documenta Pragensia XXXI1/1 (2013)
analysis of settlements over practically the whole territory of medieval
Hungary. This was a decisive advance, for it offered a means to pre-
sent a hierarchically structured settlement network in a quantitative
way. Kubinyi estimated the number of towns in medieval Hungary
(omitting Croatia and Dalmatia), including those market towns that
fulfilled proper urban functions, to be around 150.
Urban topography has also been a frequent focus in the research
on medieval Hungarian towns. The excavations of medieval sites
as well as the analysis of the early cartographic material make it
possible not only to identify individual buildings, but also to assess
the spatial relationships between them and to determine the place
of larger units in the context of an entire settlement. As significant
individual features of the town layout, parts of the town defences
were excavated or identified in Pest, Vác, Kőszeg, Sopron, Trnava,
Košice and elsewhere. Of interest in the ecclesiastical context is
research on several bishop s seats such as Pécs, Győr, Vác, Alba Iulia
and Oradea. The investigation of mendicant monasteries, which were
built at exceptionally central locations such as the main square in
Sopron (or in the vicinity of royal palaces, as was the case with the
Franciscans in Buda and Visegrád), calls attention to the issue of site
selection. A growing body of data has emerged from the research
and mapping of medieval cellars and other architectural elements
which refer to the fixing of plot boundaries, a key indicator of
organized spatial structures, which has been carried out for instance
in Buda, Vác and Győr. In the context of topography one should not
omit mentioning Hungary’s contribution to the Historic Atlases of
European Towns project.
Considering the results achieved so far, the time seems ripe to
undertake a new comprehensive monograph on the history of towns
in medieval Hungary. Importantly, comparative overviews should not
be restricted to national frameworks. One must also be able to come
forth with comprehensive works on a larger, East-Central European
scale, which can complement the previously published monographs
with a strong Western European focus. Such a work could ensure that
this region does not lose its attractiveness and relevance for general
historiography which it has gained in the years around 1989.
(Author s summary)
586
Summary / Zusammenfassung
Istvån H. Németh, New paths in Hungarian historiography
focusing on Early Modern cities at the turn of the 21st century
(pp. 471-493)
The decline during the final quarter of the twentieth century in
historiography devoted to the urban history of the Early Modern
period was evident and can be partially explained by the loss of
interest in Marxist-oriented economic and social history. The majority
of scholars focused instead on political history. This trend continued
even in the 1990s, when economic and social history or the study
of urban history were not strongly represented in the individual
research spheres of Hungarian historiography. Nevertheless, the
past twenty-five years have produced results that helped Hungarian
historiography in the field of urban studies make significant progress
in the second half of the twentieth century. The ‘Estates approach’
was replaced by an economic and geographic foundation, thanks to
which the attention of scholars turned to the heretofore neglected
subject of urban areas, their economic and social situation and their
role in the urban network. Likewise continuing are studies of royal
free cities located in today’s Hungary and in neighbouring states that
historically belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary.
In addition to releasing and publishing sources, the creation of
thematic databases has also expanded. However, standing at the
forefront of research is a grandly conceived monograph on urban
history created mostly using modern historiographical methods.
Moreover, individual research trends are influenced by interest in
the history of trade, with most information provided being on the
internal and foreign connections of locations in Hungary perceived
from an economic perspective as towns or cities. Related to this is
research devoted to the various social classes of the urban popula-
tion. These studies are not aimed at a general description of the urban
population; to a far greater extent they concern individual groups
and classes of urban society, most frequently the urban elite. The
latest research trends of the past two decades are concentrated on the
political role of Early Modern period urban areas, the representation
of their interests and manifestations of this circumstance, as well as
the relationship between urban areas and the state. Individual social
classes are studied using microhistorical and statistical methods,
and scholars are addressing the issue of the historical use of space.
587
Documenta Pragensia XXXI 1/1 (2013)
Characteristic of wide-ranging Hungarian historiography devoted to
the urban history is the use of results from ethnographic, art history
and monument studies. The work presents new spheres of research
interest in Hungarian historiography devoted to the urban history
using specific examples: what trends were decisive in the research
topics of urban history, what influenced research perspectives, what
new questions are reflected in studies, and even a related problem -
what new groups of sources have appeared in the centre of research
interest.
(Author s summary)
Urszula Sowina, Mittelalterliche Städte als Forschungs-
problem in der polnischen Geschichtsschreibung der letzten
zwei Jahrzehnte (S. 495-511)
Für die polnische Historiographie, die sich mit der Geschichte der
mittelalterlichen Städte beschäftigt, war das Jahr 1990 kein Wende-
punkt, denn viele wichtige Themen wurden bereits vor dem Fall des
Kommunismus wissenschaftlich erforscht, und in zahlreichen Fällen
war diese Forschung bereits von den methodischen Ansätzen der
westeuropäischen Geschichtsschreibung geprägt.
Der Beitrag bietet eine kommentierte Auswahlbibliographie der
bedeutendsten Arbeiten der polnischen Historiographie in den
letzten zwei Jahrzehnten und konzentriert sich dabei vorrangig auf
den methodischen Wert der Publikationen. In der Einleitung werden
synthetisierende Monographien zur Geschichte der größten Städte
auf dem Gebiet des heutigen polnischen Staates (Krakau, Elbing,
Breslau) vorgestellt, die in den letzten zwanzig Jahren publiziert
worden sind; ein wesentlicher positiver Aspekt dieser Arbeiten ist der
interdisziplinäre Ansatz der für die Darstellung des Mittelalters in der
entsprechenden Stadtgeschichte verantwortlichen Autorenteams. In
diesem Zusammenhang werden auch die weniger zahlreichen Studien
zu kleineren polnischen Städten erwähnt, deren Ergebnisse die Auto-
rin besonders wegen des Quellenmangels für stark diskussionswürdig
hält; sie empfiehlt zur Überwindung dieses Forschungsproblems die
Einordnung in den Kontext der Geschichte der großen städtischen
Zentren (entweder unter dem Aspekt der Komparation oder im
Hinblick auf direkte zeitgenössische Kontakte).
588
Summary / Zusammenfassung
Anschließend werden diejenigen Bereiche der Forschung zu
den polnischen Städten im Mittelalter vorgestellt, die bei den
Wissenschaftlern auf ein besonders starkes Interesse stießen: die
Sozialtopographie, die Publikation historischer Atlanten (als Ergeb-
nis interdisziplinärer Forschungen, die sich bevorzugt auf eine
Zusammenarbeit von Archäologie und Geschichtswissenschaft
stützen), die städtischen Eliten (in prosopographischen Unter-
suchungen), das religiöse Leben in den Städten, der Einfluss der
Wirtschaft auf die Formierung der polnischen Städte, Fragen der
S tädtegründung.
Zu den größten Erfolgen der polnischen Geschichtsschreibung im
Bereich der mittelalterlichen Stadtgeschichte zählen zweifellos die
Stärkung des interdisziplinären Ansatzes, der in erster Linie die his-
torischen und die archäologischen Untersuchungen zusammenführt,
und die zunehmende Effektivität bei der Quellenanalyse, die in den
beiden genannten Disziplinen auf der Nutzung moderner Methoden
der exakten Wissenschaften beruht.
Zdzisław Noga, Early Modem cities as a research topic in Polish
historiography over the past twenty years (pp. 513-527)
Although the history of Polish urban areas in the period between the
sixteenth and eighteenth centuries does not rank among important
research topics in Polish historiography, it is studied at virtually all
Polish universities and research institutes of the Polish Academy of
Sciences. The political changes after 1989 do not represent a true
turning point in scientific research, which had already expanded
freely before this date. However, the development of local govern-
ment became an impulse for the creation of hundreds of monographs
on individual towns and cities. These were mostly collective works
compiled on the basis of chronological and issue-related criteria.
The last twenty years have seen the continued publication of
sources, and numerous town books, including those of small towns,
books of burgher rights, testaments and inventories and hospital
books have been published. Studies on the offices of towns have
appeared, and subjects from the sphere of economic history and the
history of trade, the genealogy of aristocratic families, biographies
and even epidemic diseases continue to be popular. Works devoted
589
Documenta Pragensia XXXIí/1 (2013)
to the military function of urban areas have appeared. During the
research of guilds attention has turned to social problems, and the
prosopographical method is being used with greater frequency. In
other areas it will be beneficial to pay attention to growing interest
in the following issues: 1. City space; 2. Social topography; 3. The
social elite and groups at the edge of society; 4. The history of family,
women and children; 5. Town celebrations and ceremonies; 6. Ethnic
and national minorities.
Research into the history of Early Modern period urban areas is
dominated by subjects from the field of socioeconomic and cultural
history; political issues, on the other hand, appear only rarely. Topics
gaining in popularity include urban communication in a broad sense,
the role of writing and urban literacy, brotherhoods and city corpora-
tions as well as comparative studies. Thanks to many contacts made
in recent years, Polish historiography is developing in cooperation
with European historiography.
(Author s summary)
Andrzej Klonder, Medieval and Early Modern cities in the
context of research into material culture in Polish historiography
over the past twenty years (pp. 529-555)
In the introduction to the work, the author describes changes in
the definition of the history of material culture from the 1950s until
the present day. He then focuses on a presentation of the successes
Polish scholars have achieved in this field. He regards the results of
archaeological excavations as particularly important. Archaeological
finds and discoveries are of fundamental significance, especially
those for the medieval period, from which only limited written
sources have been preserved. The collected information captures the
spatial development of towns and cities, their networks of streets
and squares, and even the history of their buildings. Archaeological
excavations provide a great deal of information on the world of
artefacts used by urban residents. The importance of historians
increases for the study of the history of material culture in the Early
Modern period (between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries)
due to the availability of a great number of sources (iconography,
cartographic materials, town court and accounting books, etc.).
590
Summary / Zusammenfassung
Special attention has been devoted to townhouses during research in
recent decades. The use of sources such as inventories and testaments
has provided an image of townhouses, their interiors and furnishings,
and the period standard of living of the burgher society. Although the
majority of research projects have concentrated on the situation of
cities (Gdansk, Wroclaw), in recent years there have been a growing
number of studies on towns.
(Author s summary)
Raimo Pullat ֊֊ Tonis Liibek, A comparative overview of
research into the Early Modern history of cities in Estonia
(PP· 557-565)
The very difficult circumstances of Estonian historiography following
the Second World War were the result of the emigration of many
leading historians. The attitude of Soviet historiography likewise had
a negative impact on the historical research of Early Modern urban
areas. Urban history was not a priority. Due to the closed borders,
new scientific theories and methods spread slowly, severely limiting
theoretical advancement in the study of urban history.
The situation in Estonia has improved over the course of the recent
decades since the country gained its independence. A new generation
of medievalists and Early Modern period historians has come of age,
and for decades Raimo Pullat has intensively and fruitfully studied
the history of Estonian towns and cities of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. In 1991 the historian resurrected the publica-
tion of the important anthology entitled Vana Tallinn (Old Tallinn),
of which twenty-two volumes are now available. Pullat has also
published a seven-volume series on the estates left by burghers from
Tallinn and Pärnu. As part of the study of the history of Estonian
towns and cities, many scholars in recent decades have researched
a broad spectrum of issues in urban history - from the history of
medicine up to the history of architecture. Many German and Finn-
ish historians have also written on the history of cities in Estonia,
especially on Tallinn. The article provides a comprehensive overview
of the most important studies and source publications as well as the
most significant research directions.
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Documenta Pragensia XXXII/1 (2013)
In neighbouring Latvia, especially in Riga, urban archaeology has
been the focus of urban studies over the past two decades. Numerous
notable historical-iconographic source publications have also been
published in the country.
In addition to the situation in Latvia, the article also provides an
overview of research on the history of medieval and Early Modern
urban areas over the past two decades in Finland. This area of
research offers contemporary Estonian, Latvian and Finnish histori-
ans working in the field of urban history broad research possibilities,
and systematic research work can in the future be an important
contribution to the image of humanistic culture in Europe.
(Authors summary)
592
OBSAH / INHALT/ CONTENTS
Jiří Pešek, Forschungsbilanz zur Geschichte der böhmischen
Städte in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit 1990-2010.........9
Jiří Pešek, A review of research into the history of Czech
medieval and Early Modem cities in the years 1990-2010.....29
Jan Klápště, Die Stadtarchäologie in den böhmischen Ländern.
Versuch einer kurzen Bilanz der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte
[The archaeology of cities in the Czech lands. A brief review
of two decades]..............................................47
Ivan Hlaváček, Zu den tschechischen Forschungen über
böhmische mittelalterliche Städte nach 1989 [On Czech
research into Bohemian medieval cities after 1989]...........67
Josef Hrdlička, Böhmische Städte in der frühen Neuzeit
als Forschungsthema der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte
[Early Modern Bohemian cities as a subject of research
over the past two decades]...................................95
Rudolf Procházka, Geschichte und Archäologie
in der Erforschung der mährischen und schlesischen
königlichen Städte des 13. Jahrhunderts [Using history
and archaeology to obtain knowledge on Moravian
and Silesian royal cities from the i3th Century].............125
Hana Jordánková - Ludmila Sulitková, Die Historiographie
zu den mährischen königlichen Städten in Mittelalter und
Früher Neuzeit und die Editionen städtischen Schriftguts
[Historiography in relation to Moravian royal cities
in the Middle Ages and Early Modern era, and éditions
of urban records]............................................165
Bronislav Chocholáč, Die Untertanenstädte in Mähren
in der frühen Neuzeit im Licht der Forschung der letzten
zwei Jahrzehnte [Feudal cities in Moravia during
the Early Modern era in the light of research over
the last two decades]........................................251
Irena Korbelárová, Die schlesischen Städte in der frühen
Neuzeit als Forschungsthema der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte
[Early Modern Silesian cities as a subject of research over
the past two decades]........................................279
Peter Johanek, Die deutsche Forschung über die Städte
im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit in den letzten
zwanzig Jahren [The state of German research into cities
of the Middle Ages and Early Modern era over the past
twenty years].................................................301
Ferdinand Opll, Österreichische Städte im Mittelalter
und in der Frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema der letzten
zwanzig Jahre [Medieval and Early Modern Austrian cities
as a research topic in the past twenty years]................341
Thomas Manetsch, Stadtgeschichtsforschung in der Schweiz
seit 1990. Voraussetzungen, Tendenzen und Perspektiven
auf die Stadt des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit
[The research of urban history in Switzerland since 1990.
Conditions, trends and perspectives for the medieval
and Early Modern periód city].................................375
Ján Lukačka - Martin Štefánik, Die Forschung zur Geschichte
der mittelalterlichen Städte in der Slowakei während der letzten
zwanzig Jahre [The past two decades of Slovák research into
the history of Slovák medieval cities]........................411
Eva Kowalská, Frühneuzeitliche Städte als Forschungsthema
in der slowakischen Historiographie der letzten zwei
Jahrzehnte [Early Modern cities as a research topic
in Slovák historiography over the past two decades]..........429
Katalin Szende, Die Erforschung der mittelalterlichen Städte
Ungarns seit 1989 [Research on the towns of medieval
Hungary since 1989]...........................................439
Istvan H. Németh, Neue Wege in der frühneuzeitlichen
ungarischen Stadtgeschichtsschreibung an der Wende
zum 21. Jahrhundert [New paths in Hungarian
historiography focusing on Early Modern cities
at the turn of the 2ist Century]
471
Urszula Sowina, Medieval towns as a research issue in Polish
historiography over the past two decades [Mittelalterliche
Städte als Forschungsproblem in der polnischen Geschichts-
schreibung der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte].....................495
Zdzisław Noga, Frühneuzeitliche Städte als Forschungsthema
in der polnischen Historiographie der letzten zwanzig Jahre
[Early Modem cities as a research topic in Polish
historiography over the past twenty years]...................513
Andrzej Klonder, Mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Städte
im Kontext der Forschungen zur materiellen Kultur in der
polnischen Historiografie in den letzten zwanzig Jahren
[Medieval and Early Modem cities in the context of research
into material culture in Polish historiography over the past
twenty years]................................................529
Raimo Pullat - Tönis Lubek, Ein Vergleichender Überblick
über die Forschung zur frühneuzeitlichen Stadtgeschichte
in Estland [A comparative overview of research into
the Early Modern history of cities in Estonia]............557
Summary / Zusammenfassung
(Olga Fejtová).............................................567
Seznam autorů.................................................593
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)131733907 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042588099 |
| classification_rvk | NR 1800 NR 8400 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)910971919 (DE-599)GBV826055281 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1000-1800 gnd Geschichte 1990-2010 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1000-1800 Geschichte 1990-2010 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2011 Prag gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 2011 Prag |
| geographic | Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mitteleuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV042588099 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:05:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1024457-8 |
| isbn | 9788086852577 9788087271957 9788074147098 |
| language | German English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028021371 |
| oclc_num | 910971919 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M333 DE-M457 DE-384 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M333 DE-M457 DE-384 DE-11 |
| physical | 596 S. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_BSB_DDC1 |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Scriptorium [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Documenta Pragensia |
| series2 | Documenta Pragensia |
| spelling | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades sest. Olga Fejtová ... Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades Praha Scriptorium [u.a.] 2013 596 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Documenta Pragensia 32,1 Zsfassungen d. einzeln. Beitr. in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1000-1800 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1990-2010 gnd rswk-swf Stadtgeschichte Fach (DE-588)4451268-5 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2011 Prag gnd-content Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Geschichte 1000-1800 z DE-604 Stadtgeschichte Fach (DE-588)4451268-5 s Geschichte 1990-2010 z Fejtová, Olga 1962- Sonstige (DE-588)131733907 oth Archiv hlavního města Prahy Sonstige (DE-588)1024457-8 oth Documenta Pragensia 32,1 (DE-604)BV011868792 32,1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028021371&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028021371&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades Documenta Pragensia Stadtgeschichte Fach (DE-588)4451268-5 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4451268-5 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4039677-0 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| title_alt | Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| title_auth | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| title_exact_search | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| title_full | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades sest. Olga Fejtová ... |
| title_fullStr | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades sest. Olga Fejtová ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades sest. Olga Fejtová ... |
| title_short | Města ve středověku a raném novověku jako badatelské téma posledních dvou desetiletí |
| title_sort | mesta ve stredoveku a ranem novoveku jako badatelske tema poslednich dvou desetileti stati a rozsirene prispevky z 30 vedecke konference archivu hlavniho mesta prahy usporadane ve dnech 11 a 12 rijna 2011 v clam gallasove palaci v praze stadte im mittelalter und in der fruhen neuzeit als forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig jahren abhandlungen und erweiterte beitrage der 30 wissenschaftlichen konferenz des archivs der hauptstadt prag veranstaltet am 11 und 12 oktober 2011 im palais clam gallas in prag towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| title_sub | stati a rozšířené příspěvky z 30. vědecké konference Archivu hlavního města Prahy, uspořádané ve dnech 11. a 12. října 2011 v Clam-Gallasově paláci v Praze = Städte im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit als Forschungsthema in den letzten zwanzig Jahren : Abhandlungen und erweiterte Beiträge der 30. wissenschaftlichen Konferenz des Archivs der Hauptstadt Prag, veranstaltet am 11. und 12. Oktober 2011 im Palais Clam-Gallas in Prag = Towns and cities in the middle ages and the early modern period as a research topic over the past two decades |
| topic | Stadtgeschichte Fach (DE-588)4451268-5 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadtgeschichte Fach Stadt Mitteleuropa Konferenzschrift 2011 Prag |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028021371&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028021371&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011868792 |
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