Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich: katalog źródeł
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rzeszów
Wydawnictwo Mitel
2014
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis
30 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 434 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9788376671901 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | 2. SUMMARY
Early medieval axes from the territory of Poland.
Catalogue
The presented publication is the first comprehensive
catalogue of this category of artefacts, published 60 years
after the publication of a major work by Andrzej Nadolski
(Nadolski 1954). It was written as the part of the author’s
forthcoming PhD dissertation “Early medieval axes from the
territory of Poland”, prepared at the Institute of Archaeology
of the University of Rzeszów. This Catalogue will also be the
basis for an analytical part, being in preparation now. It will
contain a recapitulation of all problems concerning early
medieval axes discovered in Poland.
A weapon or a tool? For many years, these and other
questions have wondered the researchers of material culture
of the Early Middle Ages, who were working on this group
of artefacts. Today, despite the large assemblage of early
medieval axes, it is still difficult to draw unequivocal
conclusions concerning this problem. Therefore, following
the attitude of the best known Polish researcher of arms and
armour, A. Nadolski (1954, p. 37-38), all artefacts which
could be alternatively weapons or tools were included in
this Catalogue. This was also reflected in the title of this
work.
In the Catalogue only iron artefacts were gathered.
Therefore, it does not contain miniature axe heads made of
bronze or copper, which performed a function of amulets.
Nor does it include artefacts made of other materials (amber,
antler, stone, wood), as well as cast iron copies made before
the Second World War. Many artefacts discovered outside
Poland (in Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania or Ukraine), but stored
in Polish collections were not included, either. The same
concerns iron adzes, sometimes interpreted as a form of
“axe” (see e.g., Malonaitis 2003).
The presented publication consists of four parts. The first
and the most comprehensive one, is the “Catalogue of early
medieval axes” that contains information about 891 artefacts
from the territory of present-day Poland, which are dated to
the period from the 6th to the mid-13th century. It is based on
published and unpublished materials, collected by the author
as a result of several years of query in 86 scientific institutions
with archaeological collections. The catalogue was finished
in June 2011, but there has obviously been a number of new
finds since then, which will be included in the annex to the
second, analytical part of the author’s dissertation.
The “Catalogue of early medieval axes” was arranged in
alphabetical order, and each entry consists of eleven elements,
preceded by the catalogue number along with the name of
the place of discovery and its administrative pertinence.
References to tables were also placed in this position. The
afore-mentioned eleven elements are the following:
֊ Type of site ֊ information about the site (stronghold,
settlement, cemetery), from which the artefact came, together
with its present chronology;
- Excavations or type of discovery - information about
the author/authors and year(s) of excavations or discovery
(including stray finds);
- Detailed location — available information about the
stratigraphical context of the artefact, its location within the site,
settlement’s layer/level or feature together with an indication
of its function; in the case of burials (whenever possible), the
inventory accompanying the axe and anthropological data
about the person buried in the grave were also given; in the
case of settlement’s features (whenever possible), the inventory
accompanying the artefact was also given;
- Description - detailed and standardised description
of the artefact according to the proposal of A. Nadolski
(1951, Fig. 2), with some differences: only artefacts with
asymmetrical, undercut or separated blade were accepted as
axe heads with a beard (cf. Kotowicz 2013a, p. 46, footnote 8);
instead of a term broad/narrow neck, a notion of massive/
slender neck is used; in the case of artefacts which were
personally examinated by the author, the state of preservation
was also determined;
֊ Dimensions - unified measurement system (Fig. 1:1-2)
according to proposals of A. Nadolski (1954, Katalog, Part B;
see also Borowczak 2008, p. 69; Sankiewicz 2013, Fig. 1) and
R. F. Sharifullin (IIIapH(j)yjmHH 1985), but with some changes:
the width of the blade was replaced by the blade’s height, and
the minimum width of the neck by the minimum height of the
neck; asterisk (*) - indicates the measurements, which have
been calculated based on properly scaled figures of published
artefacts; additionally, in the case of specimens personally
examined by the author, the weight of the artefact was given;
the following abbreviations were used: dl. - length, szer. -
width, wys. - height, najmn. ֊ minimum, zach. ֊֊ preserved;
- Typology - it was prepared according to the new
proposal of classification made by the author. Its detailed
discussion and principles of isolation of various types and
variants of axe heads will be presented in the analytical part of
the dissertation; an example of artefact designation: III A. 5.2a
= Group “HI” - Subgroup “a” - Type “5” - Variety “2” ֊
Variant “a”;
12
֊ Chronology ֊ dating of the artefact based on the context
of discovery, a typo-chronological analysis or a correlation
between both determinants;
֊ Basis of dating ֊ a chronologically important
assemblage of artefacts (with their typological classifications)
excavated at the site, in a level of settlement or in a feature,
in which the axe was found, possibly with references to dating
traits of the discussed artefact;
֊ Collections - the place of preservation;
֊ Literature — possibly the most comprehensive list of
bibliography referring to the discussed artefact;
֊ Remarks ֊ additional information about the artefact,
concerning, for example, preserved hafts and their dimensions,
technological analyses (metal, leather, wood), ornamentation,
archive records describing the discovery.
Among the axe heads which were classified as early
medieval in previous literature, there were 111 specimens
which had to be excluded from further considerations. They
were isolated in the “List of artefacts removed from the
catalogue of early medieval axes”. It contains artefacts of
earlier (the Early Iron Age, the Roman Period) and later
(the Late Middle Ages and the Modem Period) chronology.
Several early medieval axe heads, which were believed
to have been found in Poland, were in fact discovered
behind the eastern or western border of the country. Pieces
of information about several other artefacts appearing in
the literature, were the result of mistakes made by authors
of earlier publications. As in the previous case, these
artefacts were listed in alphabetical order, and each
note consists of four or five elements preceded by the
catalogue number along with the name of the place of
discovery and its administrative pertinence. These five
elements are:
- Circumstances - information on the discoverer, the
time and place of the discovery of the artefact and, whenever
possible, the chronology of the site;
֊ The grounds of dating to the Early Medieval Period ֊
a brief explanation of reasons for which the artefact was
previously considered as early medieval;
- The reason of deletion from the catalogue ֊ a brief
explanation of the reasons for the deletion of the artefact
from the catalogue of early medieval axes, sometimes with
an indication of basic analogies to this specimen;
֊ Literature - possibly the most comprehensive list of
bibliography concerning the discussed artefact;
֊ Remarks ֊ additional information about the artefact.
These two discussed above statements are completed by
bibliography.
The last part of this paper is a set of drawings, which
consists of 182 tables with artefacts, made in a 1:2 scale
(except Cat. Nos. 374-380). Most of them were drawn and
documented by the author in three projections, which is
important for a detailed typological classification of each
specimen. In other cases illustrations published in the
literature were used. Tables 175-182 present completely
preserved artefacts, including hafts.
At the end, the author wanted to emphasise that the
database collected in this publication was certainly not ideal.
Due to the impossibility of direct access to many specimens,
their typological classification is usually incomplete. Some of
them may have a different chronology than it was suggested
in the catalogue, due to their uncertain contexts of discovery.
However, it is hoped that the presented “Catalogue of early
medieval axes” will be a solid background for further
archaeological or arms and armour studies, and any failure
will be explained in the course of future works.
13
SPIS TREŚCI
1. Wprowadzenie ....................................................................................... 7
2. Summary ............................................................................................ 12
3. Katalog toporów wczesnośredniowiecznych ............................................................ 14
4. Wykaz zabytków skreślonych z katalogu toporów wczesnośredniowiecznych ............................ 217
5. Wykaz cytowanej literatury ....................................................................... 229
6. Tablice .......................................................................................... 251
|
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| spelling | Kotowicz, Piotr N. Verfasser aut Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł Piotr N. Kotowicz Rzeszów Wydawnictwo Mitel 2014 434 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis 30 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache unter dem Titel: Early medieval axes from the territory of Poland Geschichte 500-1000 gnd rswk-swf Siekiera / archeologia / Polska / 5-13 w Axt (DE-588)4221413-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4188171-0 Verzeichnis gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Axt (DE-588)4221413-0 s Geschichte 500-1000 z DE-604 Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis 30 (DE-604)BV035202175 30 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028003791&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028003791&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kotowicz, Piotr N. Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis Siekiera / archeologia / Polska / 5-13 w Axt (DE-588)4221413-0 gnd |
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| title | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł |
| title_auth | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł |
| title_exact_search | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł |
| title_full | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł Piotr N. Kotowicz |
| title_fullStr | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł Piotr N. Kotowicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog źródeł Piotr N. Kotowicz |
| title_short | Topory wczesnośredniowieczne z ziem polskich |
| title_sort | topory wczesnosredniowieczne z ziem polskich katalog zrodel |
| title_sub | katalog źródeł |
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