Digital optical measurement techniques and applications:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston u.a.
Artech House
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Artech House applied photonics series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 453 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 160807806X 9781608078066 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Digital optical measurement techniques and applications |c Pramod Rastogi, ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston u.a. |b Artech House |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 453 S. |b zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153339063042048 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | This practical resource explains the principles and applications
of today’s digital optical measurement techniques. The book
helps readers assess modern digital measurement systems and
identify appropriate techniques for specific projects in the field.
From digital image processing and interferometric testing of
optical surfaces, to digital image correlation and optical fiber
sensors, this unique volume provides state-of-the-art coverage
of a wide range of critical topics that engineers need to
understand. Readers find detailed case studies, solved
exercises, and numerous references that illustrate and
support key concepts throughout the book.
Contents Overview: Digital Image Processing; Interferometric Testing
of Optical Surfaces; Phase Shifting Interferometry; Systematic Approach
to Digital Holographic Imaging and Its Applications in Interferometry;
Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry; Digital Image Correlation; Digital
Fringe Projection Profilometry; Digital Photoelasticity; Digital Particle Image
Velocimetry; Optical Fiber Sensors; Optical Coherence Tomography:
Principles, Implementation, and Applications in Ophthalmology.
Pramod Rastogi is a professor at the Ecolé Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland and has published several books
in the field of optical metrology. He earned his doctorate degree from
the University of Franche Comté in France.
Contents
H
Foreword xiii
Preface xvii
Digital Image Processing 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Fourier Optical Analysis 3
1.2.1 Frequency Domain Transfer Response 4
1.2.2 Desirable Features in a Camera Transfer Function 9
1.2.3 Sampling and Image Reconstruction 15
1.3 Digital Restoration Filters 20
1.3.1 Generation of Deconvolution Kernels 21
1.3.2 Useful Window Functions 29
1.3.3 Restoration Using Fast Fourier Transforms 30
1.4 Local Area Contrast Enhancement 33
1.4.1 Local Area Contrast Enhancement Algorithms for Thermal
Imagers 36
1.4.2 Local Area Contrast Enhancement Algorithms for Reflective
Imagers 40
1.5 Conclusions 43
References 44
Interferometric Testing of Optical Surfaces 45
2.1 Fundamentals of Interferometry 45
2.1.1 Interference Made Possible by the Wave Nature of Light 45
2.1.2 Types of Interferometers for Surface Measurement 52
2.2 Commercial Interferometers 53
2.2.1 Overview of Commercially Available Interferometers 53
2.2.2 Additional Features and Accessories 59
2.2.3 Radius of Curvature Measurement 60
2.3 Practical Issues for Measuring Flats and Spheres with Commercial
Interferometers 61
2.3.1 Set Up Hardware and Alignment 61
2.3.2 Software Setting 63
2.3.3 Calibration 64
viii
Contents
2.3.4 Processing Data 66
2.3.5 Estimation of Measurement Uncertainties 68
2.4 Measurement of Aspherics 70
2.4.1 Definition and Types of Aspherics 70
2.4.2 Configurations for Null Testing Aspheric Surfaces 71
2.5 Measurements of Aspherics Using Computer Generated Holograms 74
2.5.1 Principles Behind CGH Interferometry 75
2.5.2 CGH Design 79
2.5.3 CGH Fabrication 80
2.5.4 Alignment of CGH Test 81
2.5.5 Data Reduction 82
2.5.6 Error Analysis 85
References 87
Phase-Shifting Interferometry 89
3.1 The Interferometer Equation 89
3.2 Three-Frame Method 94
3.3 Four-Frame Method 97
3.4 Least-Squares Algorithms 100
3.5 Carre’s Algorithm 104
3.6 Hariharan’s Method 106
3.7 Design of Phase-Stepping Algorithms 108
3.8 Phase Stepping Techniques and Applications 112
3.8.1 Mechanical Stepping 112
3.8.2 Grating Methods 115
3.8.3 Methods Based on Pancharatnam’s Phase 118
3.8.4 Spatial Methods 124
References 126
CHAPTER 4
Systematic Approach to Digital Holographic Imaging and Its Applications
in Interferometry 129
4.1 Introduction 129
4.2 Recording of a Digital Hologram 130
4.3 Numerical Reconstruction in Digital Holography 133
4.3.1 Reconstruction Based on Convolution Approach 133
4.3.2 Reconstruction Based on Fresnel Approximation 135
4.3.3 Numerical Reconstruction with Adjustable Magnification 142
4.4 Suppression of DC Term 145
4.5 Reduction of Spatial Frequency Content Falling on CCD 149
4.5.1 Reduction of the Object Angle on the CCD Array by the Use
of a Divergent Lens 149
4.5.2 Reduction of the Object Angle on the CCD by the Use of an
Aperture 150
4.6 Digital Holographic Interferometry 151
Contents ¡X
4.6.1 Deformation Measurement 152
4.6.2 Study of Refractive Index Distribution 157
4.6.3 Vibration Measurement 159
4.6.4 Object Contouring 162
4.7 Conclusions 163
References 164
Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry 167
5.1 Introduction 167
5.2 Speckle Principle 168
5.2.1 Objective Speckle Distributions 170
5.2.2 Subjective Speckle Distributions 171
5.3 Speckle Interferometry 174
5.4 Phase Recovery for Speckle Interferometry 181
5.4.1 Phase Evaluation by Fourier Transform 183
5.4.2 Phase Shifting as a Quantitative Tool for Phase Evaluation 186
5.5 Phase Unwrapping Processing 189
5.6 Optical Configurations for Experimental Measurements 192
5.6.1 Interferometers Sensitive to Out-of-Plane Displacements 192
5.6.2 Interferometers Sensitive to In-Plane Displacements 196
5.6.3 Interferometers Sensitive to Radial In-Plane Displacements 200
5.6.4 Interferometers Sensitive to Derivatives of Displacements 208
5.7 Concluding Remarks 211
5.8 Acknowledgments 212
References 212
Digital Image Correlation 217
6.1 Introduction 217
6.2 Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation 219
6.2.1 Specimen Preparation and Image Capture 220
6.2.2 Basic Principle and Concepts 222
6.2.3 Displacement Field Measurement Using DIC 230
6.2.4 Strain Field Estimation with Pointwise Least Squares
Algorithm 237
6.2.5 Application of 2D-DIC for Strain Measurement 241
6.3 Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation 245
6.3.1 Basic Principles and Concepts 245
6.3.2 Binocular Stereovision System Calibration 246
6.3.3 Stereo Matching 249
6.3.4 3D Profile Reconstruction and Deformation Calculation 250
6.3.5 Applications of 3D-DIC for Shape and Deformation
Measurement 252
6.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Work 259
References 260
X
Contents
CHAPTER 7
Digital Fringe Projection Profilometry 265
7.1 Introduction 265
7.2 Principles of Method 265
7.2.1 Triangulation 265
7.2.2 Fringe Projection 267
7.2.3 Phase Evaluation 269
7.2.4 Phase Calibration 275
7.3 Applications of Method 279
7.3.1 Line Scan and Fringe Projection 279
7.3.2 Quality-guided Phase Unwrapping 280
7.3.3 Multifrequency Fringe Projection 281
7.3.4 Carrier Phase Removal 283
7.3.5 360-Degree Fringe Projection 284
7.4 Concluding Remarks 286
References 286
Digital Photoelasticity 289
8.1 Introduction 289
8.2 Basics of Photoelasticity 289
8.2.1 Birefringence 290
8.2.2 Retardation Plates 290
8.2.3 Stress-Optic Law 290
8.2.4 Optical Arrangements in Conventional Photoelasticity 292
8.3 Jones Calculus 293
8.3.1 Analysis of Plane Polariscope by Jones Calculus 295
8.4 Fringe Contours in Conventional Photoelasticity 295
8.5 Calibration of Model Materials 296
8.6 Digital Fringe Multiplication 299
8.7 Digital Fringe Thinning 300
8.8 Phase Shifting in Photoelasticity 302
8.8.1 Intensity of Light Transmitted for Generic Arrangements of
Plane and Circular Polariscopes 303
8.8.2 Brief Historical Development of Phase Shifting Techniques 305
8.8.3 Evaluation of Photoelastic Parameters Using Intensity
Information 306
8.8.4 Intricacies in Digital Photoelasticity 309
8.8.5 Evaluation of Isoclinics 310
8.8.6 Phasemaps in Photoelasticity 311
8.8.7 Inconsistent and Ambiguous Zones in Wrapped Phasemaps 313
8.8.8 Unwrapping Methodologies 314
8.8.9 Unwrapping of Isoclinics 315
8.8.10 Smoothing of Isoclinics 319
8.8.11 Unwrapping of Isochromatics 320
8.8.12 Summary of Ten-Step Method 322
Contents
XI
8.9 Color Image Processing Techniques 323
8.9.1 Intensity of Light Transmitted in White Light for Various
Polariscope Arrangements 323
8.9.2 TFP, RTFP, and Window Search Method 324
8.9.3 Color Adaptation 328
8.9.4 Advancing Front Scanning Method 329
8.10 Digital Reflection Photoelasticity 332
8.10.1 Five-Step Method [33J 333
8.11 Some Applications 334
8.11.1 Role of RTFP in Evaluating Transient Thermal Stress Intensity
Factors 334
8.11.2 Role of Digital Photoelasticity in Residual Stress
Measurements of Glass 338
8.12 Closure 340
Problems 341
References 344
Digital Particle Image Velocimetry 347
9.1 Introduction to the Principles of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry 347
9.2 Preliminaries: Fluid Flow Kinematics 348
9.3 Mathematical Analysis of 3D Cross-Correlation DPIV of Single-
Exposed Interrogation Volume Pairs 351
9.3.1 The Signal in DPIV 351
9.3.2 3D Cross-Correlation Analysis of a Single-Exposed IV Pair 358
9.3.3 Determining the Expected Velocity in the IV from the Digital
Cross-Correlation Function 364
9.4 Increasing Velocity Dynamic Range via Colocated Different Size IV
Cross-Correlation DPIV 369
References 374
Optical Fiber Sensors 377
10.1 Introduction 377
10.2 Extracting Information from Data: Some Brief Examples 381
10.2.1 Single Point Sensors: Spectroscopy 381
10.2.2 Single Point Sensing: Processing the Fiber Gyroscope 384
10.2.3 Distributed Sensing 387
10.2.4 Multiplexed Systems 392
10.3 Repeatability, Reliability, and Maintenance 394
10.4 What of the Future? 395
10.5 Concluding Comments 398
10.6 Acknowledgments 399
Notes and References 399
xii
Contents
CHAPTER 11
Optical Coherence Tomography: Principles, Implementation, and
Applications in Ophthalmology 401
11.1 Introduction 401
11.1.1 What Is Optical Coherence Tomography? 401
11.1.2 OCT and Ophthalmology 402
11.2 OCT Technologies 403
11.2.1 Requirement for Eye Imaging 403
11.2.2 TD-OCT Versus FD֊OCT 404
11.2.3 Principles of FD-OCT 405
11.2.4 SD-OCT and SS-OCT 410
11.2.5 Interferometer Design of FD-OCT 410
11.2.6 Wavelength Selection 412
11.2.7 Resolution and Dispersion 415
11.2.8 SNR and Sensitivity 417
11.3 OCT in Ophthalmology 420
11.3.1 Posterior Eye Imaging 421
11.3.2 Anterior Eye Imaging 424
11.4 Conclusion 427
References 428
About the Authors 433
About the Editor 437
Index 439
|
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| spelling | Rastogi, Pramod K. 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)12143639X aut Digital optical measurement techniques and applications Pramod Rastogi, ed. Boston u.a. Artech House 2015 XVIII, 453 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Artech House applied photonics series Literaturangaben Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd rswk-swf Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027998228&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027998228&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rastogi, Pramod K. 1951- Digital optical measurement techniques and applications Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4172667-4 |
| title | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications |
| title_auth | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications |
| title_exact_search | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications |
| title_full | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications Pramod Rastogi, ed. |
| title_fullStr | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications Pramod Rastogi, ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications Pramod Rastogi, ed. |
| title_short | Digital optical measurement techniques and applications |
| title_sort | digital optical measurement techniques and applications |
| topic | Optische Messtechnik (DE-588)4172667-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Optische Messtechnik |
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