Making medical knowledge:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2015
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 261 S. graph. Darst. 23 cm |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153332496859136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Making medical knowledge
Autor: Solomon, Miriam
Jahr: 2015
Contents
Abbreviations xv
1. Introduction: Beyond the Art and Science of Medicine 1
1.1. New Methods in Medicine l
1.2. Shortcomings of an Art versus Science Analysis 4
1.3. Current Literature on Methods in Medicine 9
1.4. My Approach: Naturalistic, Normative, Applied, Pluralist,
Social Epistemology 11
1.5. Disrespecting the Disciplines 16
1.6. Selection of Methods for Discussion 17
1.7. Summary of Major Themes in Recent Philosophy ofScience 17
1.8. Research Methods and Materials 19
1.9. Outline of Chapter Contents 22
2. NIH s Window to the Health Care Community : The NIH
Consensus Development Conference Program 24
2.1. Introduction 24
2.2. Origins: The Official Story 25
2.3. Origins: The Full Story 31
2.4. Early Assessment and Criticisms (1978-88) 37
2.5. The Second Decade (1989-99) 43
2.6. Changes from 1999 to the Present 48
2.7. Analysis 54
2.8. Conclusions 61
3. From the NIH Model to the Danish Model: The Medical
Consensus Conference Movement 63
3.1. Introduction 63
3.2. Medical Consensus Conferences in the United States 65
3.3. Canadian and European Consensus Conferences 72
3.4. The End of Consensus Conferences? 78
3.5. Disagreement over Consensuses and Guidelines 81
3.6. The National Guidelines Clearinghouse 82
3.7. Conclusions 82
4. Philosophical Interlude: Objectivity and Democracy in
Consensus Conferences 84
4.1. Introduction 84
4.2. Consensus Practices 85
4.3. Consensus in Science 86
Xii CONTENTS
4.4. Consensus Conferences 90
4.5. Philosophical Uses of Group Judgment 92
4.6. Groupthink and Other Biasing Phenomena: Problems
with Objectivity 96
4.7. Problems with Democracy 100
4.8. An Alternative: Aggregated Judgments and Preferences 101
4.9. Consensus Conferences as Rituals 102
4.10. Standardization 103
4.11. Conclusions 104
5. Evidence-Based Medicine as Empiric Medicine 105
5.1. A BriefHistory of Evidence-Based Medicine 105
5.2. Techniques of Evidence-Based Medicine 111
5.3. The Medical Decision Making Movement 115
5.4. A Common Criticism, and its Historical Antecedents 116
5.5. Treating Mechanistic Reasoning as Mechanistic Evidence 121
5.6. The Place of Evidence-Based Medicine in a Complete
Epistemology of Medicine 124
5.7. Case Study: Evidence-Based Medicine and Mechanistic
Reasoning in the Case of Cystic Fibrosis 126
5.8. Conclusions 132
6. The Fallibility of Evidence-Based Medicine 133
6.1. Introduction 133
6.2. Internal Validity: Procedural Biases 134
6.3. External Validity: Dependence on Background Knowledge
andJudgment 140
6.4. External Validity Continued: On Biological Variability 144
6.5. Empirical Studies of the Reliability of Evidence-Based Medicine 148
6.6. Choices for Aggregating Complex Evidence 152
6.7. Some Simple Recommendations 153
6.8. Conclusions 154
7. What Is Translational Medicine? 155
7.1. Introduction 155
7.2. Definitions of Translational Medicine 157
7.3. Example of a Translational Medicine Success 159
7.4. The Valley of Death 161
7.5. Metaphor in Translational Medicine 164
7.6. Specific Recommendations in Translational Medicine 166
7.7. Martin Wheling s Critique of Current Work in
Translational Medicine 172
7.8. Illustrative Example: Successes and Failures of Translational
Medicine in Cystic Fibrosis Research 173
7.9. OnT2 175
7.10. Conclusions 176
CONTENTS Xiii
8. On Narrative Medicine 178
8.1. Introduction 178
8.2. Narrative and Narrative Competencies in Medicine 181
8.3. The Ethos of Narrative Medicine 192
8.4. Appraisal of Narrative Medicine 195
8.5. Conclusions 204
9. A Developing, Untidy, Methodological Pluralism 206
9.1. Introduction 206
9.2. Case Study: Controversy over Screening Mammography for
Women Aged 40-49 210
9.3. Case Study Continued: Managing Controversy about Screening
Mammography for Women Aged 40-49 217
9.4. Managing Controversy in Medicine 223
9.5. Conclusions 224
10. Concluding Thoughts 225
References
Index
231
253
How is medical knowledge made? New methods for research and clinical care
have reshaped the practices of medical knowledge production over the last forty
years. Consensus conferences, evidence-based medicine, translational medicine,
and narrative medicine are among the most prominent new methods. Making
Medical Knowledge explores their origins and aims, their epistemic strengths, and
their epistemic weaknesses. Miriam Solomon argues thatthe familiar dichotomy
between the art and the science of medicine is not adequate for understanding
this plurality of methods. The book begins by tracing the development of medical
consensus conferences, from their beginning atthe United States National Institutes
of Health in 1977 to their widespread adoption in national and international contexts.
It discusses consensus conferences as social epistemic institutions designed to
embody democracy and achieve objectivity. Evidence-based medicine, which
developed next, ranks expert consensus atthe bottom of the evidence hierarchy,
thus challenging the authority of consensus conferences. Evidence-based medicine
has transformed both medical research and clinical medicine in many positive
ways, but it has also been accused of creating an intellectual hegemony that has
marginalized crucial stages of scientific research, particularly scientific discovery.
Translational medicine is understood as a response to the shortfalls of both
consensus conferences and evidence-based medicine. Narrative medicine is the
most prominent recent development in the medical humanities. Its central claim
is that attention to narrative is essential for patient care. Solomon argues thatthe
differences between narrative medicine and the other methods have been
exaggerated, and offers a pluralistic account of how all the methods interact and
sometimes conflict. The result is both practical and theoretical suggestions for
howto improve medical knowledge and understand medical controversies.
|
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| spelling | Solomon, Miriam ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)136291228 aut Making medical knowledge Miriam Solomon 1. ed. Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2015 XIII, 261 S. graph. Darst. 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1977-2014 gnd rswk-swf Evidence-Based Medicine Philosophy, Medical Health Services Translational Medical Research Narration Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd rswk-swf Paradigmenwechsel (DE-588)4173260-1 gnd rswk-swf Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd rswk-swf Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 s Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 s Paradigmenwechsel (DE-588)4173260-1 s Geschichte 1977-2014 z b DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027993881&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027993881&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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