ITER physics:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore
World Scientific
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 235 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789814678667 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 264 | 1 | |a Singapore |b World Scientific |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 235 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a ITER |0 (DE-588)7578652-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Fusionsreaktor |0 (DE-588)4155733-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027989106 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153326231617536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
R
Prologue v
1. Machine Architecture and Objectives 1
l. l Beginning of the ITER Project.................................. 1
1.2 Architecture of ITER.............................................. 3
1.2.1 Operational regimes documented by tokamak experiments 9
1.2.2 Why is ITER so important for future generations?......... 11
1.2.3 Elementary description of the plasma turbulence.......... 14
1.3 Plasma Heaters NBI, ICRH LHCD and ECRH........................... 18
References 21
2. Magneloliydrodynamic Description of the Equilibrium
and Heating of the Thermal Plasma 25
2.1 Equilibrium with Single Lower-Null X-point Divertor.............. 25
2.2 The Single-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Model....................... 29
2.3 Grad-Shafranov MHD Equilibrium for Axisymmetric Systems . . . 32
2.4 Particle Energy Distributions.................................... 34
2.5 Magnetic Reconnection from Resistive MHD Dynamics................ 35
2.6 Vertical Displacement Instabilities and Halo Currents............ 36
2.7 Electron Temperature Gradient-Driven Turbulence.................. 37
2.8 High-Energy Electron Distributions from RF Heating and Toroidal
Plasma Currents................................................. 37
References 43
3. Alfven Cavity Modes, Fast Ions, Alpha Particles and Diagnostic
Neutral Beams 47
IX
X
ITER Physics
3.1 Plasma Eigenmodes and their Destabilization by High-Energy Ions 48
3.2 Loss Process for High-Energy Ions and Electrons................. 50
3.3 Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injection............................... 55
3.4 Resistive Wall Modes............................................ 58
References 59
4. Turbulent Transport from the Temperature Gradients 63
4.1 Drift Wave Instabilities from Density and Pressure Gradients ... 65
4.1.1 Drift wave frequencies and instabilities from density and
temperature gradients..................................... 67
4.1.2 Instabilities from magnetic curvature and toroidal plasma
currents.................................................. 67
4.2 Ballooning-Interchange Modes and Resistive- 7 Modes............. 70
4.3 Temperature Gradient Instabilities Driving Turbulent
Thermal and Density Transport..................................... 71
4.4 Electron Temperature Gradient-Driven Transport Instabilities Producing Anomalously Low-Electron Temperatures and Regions
of Ergodic/Stochastic Magnetic Field Lines........................ 74
4.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Electron Temperature Gradient
Driven Transport.................................................. 80
4.5.1 Two-space scales for electron transport................... 82
4.5.2 Nonadiabatic ion response ................................ 86
4.5.3 Electron thermal transport in TCV......................... 87
4.5.4 Average relative variance (ARV) . . .*.................... 88
References 91
5. Operational Regimes and their Properties 97
5.1 Ohmic Plasma Confinement Mode, H-mode, I-mode Plasmas ... 97
5.2 Control of Confinement Modes with External Sources
of Momentum and Energy Injectors..................................100
5.3 Bifurcations Models Describing Spontaneous Symmetry
Breaking with Transitions to L, H and ELMy-H Modes..............101
5.4 Hot Ion Mode Sets Record..........................................102
5.5 Discovery of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs)..........................103
5.6 Comparison of Four Confinement Modes in a Long Discharge . . . 104
5.6.1 ECRH driven discharges ...................................106
5.7 Edge Localized Modes and Plasma Pedestals ......................123
5.8 Thermodynamics of the ITG Instability.............................125
5.9 Isotope Scaling of Energy Confinement Time .......................134
Contents xi
5.10 Visualization of the Coherent Structures in ELMy Discharges . . . 140
References 143
6. Transport Barriers and ELM Control 149
6.1 Record DT Fusion Power Discharges in the Joint European Torus
(JET).............................................................149
6.2 Radial Electric Field Er in H-mode Transport Barriers.............150
6.3 Internal Transport Barriers from ITG/TEM Turbulence...............151
6.3.1 Predator-prey models......................................152
6.3.2 Computer simulations for interaction of the zonal flows and
the drift wave turbulence.................................155
6.4 ELM Control with Resonant Magnetic Perturbation ..................156
6.5 ELM Control with Pellet Injection.................................159
6.5.1 Database on fuel retention in present fusion devices .... 163
References 164
7. Steady-State Operation 167
7.1 Neoclassical Bootstrap Current.................................. 169
7.2 Scattering of Radio Frequency-RF Waves in Turbulent Plasmas . . 172
7.3 ELM Control for Steady-State Plasma Operation with Resonant
Magnetic Perturbations ...........................................173
7.3.1 Resistive MHD normalization...............................175
7.3.2 RMP simulations with the 3D resistive MHD model .... 176
7.4 Helical Equilibrium Plasma States Created by the External RMP
Currents..........................................................177
7.4.1 Transition to the rotating state with strong convective flux 179
7.5 Rotating States in Toroidal Geometry with Multiple RMPs .... 183
7.6 . Issues with RMP for Controlling ELMs............................184
7.7 RF Driven Anisotropic High Energy Electron Phase-Space Distribution Functions........................................................185
References 189
8. Plasma Diagnostics 193
8.1 Plasma Spectroscopy...............................................194
8.2 Beam induced Plasma Spectroscopy .................................195
8.3 Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy........................197
8.4 Energy Distribution Functions for Electrons, Ions
and Alpha Particles...............................................199
8.5 Scattering of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves
from Plasmas......................................................200
ITER Physics
8.5.1 Scattering of RF waves in the turbulent plasma..........201
8.6 Magnetic Probes..................................................202
8.7 X-ray Spectra and Electron Cyclotron Emission....................203
8.8 Langmuir Probes..................................................203
8.8.1 Pellet injection as a diagnostic probe ...................204
8.8.2 Alpha particle and neutron detectors......................205
8.9 Gas Puff Imagining and Phase Contrast Imaging....................206
References 207
9. Plasma Facing Components and Plasma-Wall Interaction Physics 209
9.1 Crystallization and Melting Limits...............................210
9.2 Wall Erosion Due to Evaporation..................................213
9.3 Wall Blistering Below the Melting Temperature....................213
9.4 Radiation Limits for Fusion Reactors.............................214
9.5 International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) .... 215
9.6 Lifetime of Wall and Divertor Elements ..........................216
9.7 Surface Quantum Physics..........................................217
References 218
10. The Broader Approach and Tritium Breeding Blankets 221
10.1 Neutron Blanket and Breeding Tritium.............................221
10.2 The Broader Approach and IFMIF...................................222
10.3 Neutron Shielding, the Cryostat and the Cooling Systems..........223
10.4 Steady-State High Beta-High Fluence Machine......................225
10.5 Radiation Diagnostics, Neutron and Hard X-ray Radiation
Monitoring and Remote Handling for Maintenance...................226
References 228
Glossary Index 231
General Index 233
ITER Physics
The promise of a vast and clean source of thermal power drove physics research for over fifty years and has finally come to collimation with the international consortium led by the European Union and Japan, with an agreement from seven countries to build a definitive test of fusion power in ITER. It happened because scientists since the Manhattan project have envisioned controlled nuclear fusion in obtaining energy with no carbon dioxide emissions and no toxic nuclear waste products.
This large toroidal magnetic confinement ITER machine is described from confinement process to advanced physics of plasma-wall interactions, where pulses erupt from core plasma blistering the machine walls. Emissions from the walls reduce the core temperature which must remain ten times hotter than the 15 million degree core solar temperature to maintain ITER fusion power. The huge temperature gradient from core to wall that drives intense plasma turbulence is described in detail
Also explained are the methods designed to limit the growth of small magnetic islands, the growth of edge localized plasma plumes and the solid state physics limits of the stainless steel walls of the confinement vessel from the burning plasma. Designs of the wall coatings and the special exhaust pipe for spent hot plasma are provided in two chapters. And the issues associated with high-energy neutrons — about 10 times higher than in fission reactions — and how they are managed in ITER, are detailed.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV042555296 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:24:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789814678667 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027989106 |
| oclc_num | 921045289 |
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| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 |
| physical | XII, 235 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | World Scientific |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Horton, Wendell 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)1028331517 aut ITER physics C. Wendell Horton ; Sadruddin Benkadda Singapore World Scientific 2015 XII, 235 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier ITER (DE-588)7578652-7 gnd rswk-swf Fusionsreaktor (DE-588)4155733-5 gnd rswk-swf Fusionsreaktor (DE-588)4155733-5 s DE-604 ITER (DE-588)7578652-7 s Benkadda, Sadruddin 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)12022142X aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027989106&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027989106&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Horton, Wendell 1942- Benkadda, Sadruddin 1957- ITER physics ITER (DE-588)7578652-7 gnd Fusionsreaktor (DE-588)4155733-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7578652-7 (DE-588)4155733-5 |
| title | ITER physics |
| title_auth | ITER physics |
| title_exact_search | ITER physics |
| title_full | ITER physics C. Wendell Horton ; Sadruddin Benkadda |
| title_fullStr | ITER physics C. Wendell Horton ; Sadruddin Benkadda |
| title_full_unstemmed | ITER physics C. Wendell Horton ; Sadruddin Benkadda |
| title_short | ITER physics |
| title_sort | iter physics |
| topic | ITER (DE-588)7578652-7 gnd Fusionsreaktor (DE-588)4155733-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | ITER Fusionsreaktor |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027989106&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027989106&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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