Operating systems: principles & practice
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[S.l.]
Recursive Books
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | Second Edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 669 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780985673529 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153325114884096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Operating
Systems
Principles and Practice
Second Edition
Thomas Anderson
University of Washington
Michael Dahlin
University of Texas at Austin and Google
Recursive Books
recursivebooks com
Contents
Preface x
Introduction 3
1 1 What Is An Operating System? 6
Resource Sharing: Operating System as Referee 9
Masking Limitations: Operating System as Illusionist 11
Providing Common Services: Operating System as Glue 12
Operating System Design Patterns 13
1 2 Operating System Evaluation 19
Reliability and Availability 19
Security 20
Portability 21
Performance 23
Adoption 24
Design Tradeoffs 25
1 3 Operating Systems: Past, Present, and Future 26
Impact of Technology Trends 26
Early Operating Systems 27
Multi-User Operating Systems 28
Time-Sharing Operating Systems 29
Modern Operating Systems 30
Future Operating Systems 32
Exercises 33
Part I Kernels and Processes
The Kernel Abstraction 39
2 1 The Process Abstraction 43
2 2 Dual-Mode Operation 44
Privileged Instructions 47
Memory Protection 49
Timer Interrupts 56
2 3 Types of Mode Transfer 57
User to Kernel Mode 57
Kernel to User Mode 61
2 4 Implementing Safe Mode Transfer 61
Interrupt Vector Table 63
Interrupt Stack 64
Two Stacks per Process 65
Interrupt Masking 67
Hardware Support for Saving and Restoring Registers 68
2 5 Putting It All Together: x86 Mode Transfer 69
3
Part II
4
Operating Systems: Principles and Practice
2 6 Implementing Secure System Calls 74
2 7 Starting a New Process 77
2 8 Implementing Upcalls 79
2 9 Case Study: Booting an Operating System Kernel 83
2 10 Case Study: Virtual Machines 84
2 11 Summary and Future Directions 87
Exercises 90
The Programming Interface 95
3 1 Process Management 100
Windows Process Management 101
UNIX Process Management 102
3 2 Input/Output 107
3 3 Case Study: Implementing a Shell 110
3 4 Case Study: Interprocess Communication 113
Producer-Consumer Communication 114
Client-Server Communication 115
3 5 Operating System Structure 115
Monolithic Kernels 117
Microkernel 122
3 6 Summary and Future Directions 123
Exercises 124
Concurrency
Concurrency and Threads 129
4 1 Thread Use Cases 132
Four Reasons to Use Threads 134
4 2 Thread Abstraction 136
Running, Suspending, and Resuming Threads 136
Why “Unpredictable Speed”? 138
4 3 Simple Thread API 141
A Multi-Threaded Hello World 142
Fork-Join Parallelism 143
4 4 Thread Data Structures and Life Cycle 145
Per-Thread State and Thread Control Block (TCB) 146
Shared State 148
4 5 Thread Life Cycle 148
4 6 Implementing Kernel Threads 153
Creating a Thread 155
Deleting a Thread 157
Thread Context Switch 157
4 7 Combining Kernel Threads and Single-Threaded User Processes 164
4 8 Implementing Multi-Threaded Processes 165
Implementing Multi-Threaded Processes Using Kernel Threads
166
Implementing User-Level Threads Without Kernel Support 167
7
Part III
8
Operating Systems: Principles and Practice
Fine-Grained Locking 266
Per-Processor Data Structures 268
Ownership Design Pattern 268
Staged Architecture 269
6 3 Lock Contention 272
MCS Locks 272
Read-Copy-Update (RCU) 274
6 4 Multi-Object Atomicity 282
Careful Class Design 283
Acquire-AII/Release-AII 283
Two-Phase Locking 284
6 5 Deadlock 285
Deadlock vs Starvation 288
Necessary Conditions for Deadlock 289
Preventing Deadlock 291
The Banker’s Algorithm for Avoiding Deadlock 294
Detecting and Recovering From Deadlocks 299
6 6 Non-Blocking Synchronization 305
6 7 Summary and Future Directions 307
Exercises 308
Scheduling 313
7 1 Uniprocessor Scheduling 316
First-In-First-Out (FIFO) 317
Shortest Job First (SJF) 318
Round Robin 320
Max-Min Fairness 323
Case Study: Multi-Level Feedback 326
Summary 328
7 2 Multiprocessor Scheduling 329
Scheduling Sequential Applications on Multiprocessors 329
Scheduling Parallel Applications 331
7 3 Energy-Aware Scheduling 337
7 4 Real-Time Scheduling 340
7 5 Queueing Theory 343
Definitions 343
Little’s Law 345
Response Time Versus Utilization 348
“What if?” Questions 355
Lessons 358
7 6 Overload Management 358
7 7 Case Study: Servers in a Data Center 361
7 8 Summary and Future Directions 362
Exercises 363
Memory Management
Address Translation
371
Operating Systems: Principles and Practice
VII
8 1 Address Translation Concept 374
8 2 Towards Flexible Address Translation 376
Segmented Memory 376
Paged Memory 382
Multi-Level Translation 385
Portability 390
8 3 Towards Efficient Address Translation 392
Translation Lookaside Buffers 393
Superpages 396
TLB Consistency 398
Virtually Addressed Caches 402
Physically Addressed Caches 403
8 4 Software Protection 405
Single Language Operating Systems 406
Language-Independent Software Fault Isolation 410
Sandboxes Via Intermediate Code 413
8 5 Summary and Future Directions 414
Exercises 415
Caching and Virtual Memory 421
9 1 Cache Concept 425
9 2 Memory Hierarchy 427
9 3 When Caches Work and When They Do Not 429
Working Set Model 430
Zipf Model 433
9 4 Memory Cache Lookup 434
9 5 Replacement Policies 439
Random 439
First-In-First-Out (FIFO) 440
Optimal Cache Replacement (MIN) 441
Least Recently Used (LRU) 442
Least Frequently Used (LFU) 443
Belady’s Anomaly 444
9 6 Case Study: Memory-Mapped Files 445
Advantages 446
Implementation 447
Approximating LRU 451
9 7 Case Study: Virtual Memory 454
Self-Paging 454
Swapping 456
9 8 Summary and Future Directions 457
Exercises 458
Advanced Memory Management 465
10 1 Zero-Copy I/O 467
10 2 Virtual Machines 470
Virtual Machine Page Tables 470
Transparent Memory Compression 472
10 3 Fault Tolerance 475
viii
Operating Systems: Principles and Practice
Checkpoint and Restart 476
Recoverable Virtual Memory 478
Deterministic Debugging 479
10 4 Security 481
10 5 User-Level Memory Management 482
10 6 Summary and Future Directions 485
Exercises 485
Part IV Persistent Storage
11 File Systems: Introduction and Overview 491
11 1 The File System Abstraction 495
11 2 API 502
11 3 Software Layers 505
API and Performance 506
Device Drivers: Common Abstractions 508
Device Access 508
Putting It All Together: A Simple Disk Request 511
11 4 Summary and Future Directions 511
Exercises 513
12 Storage Devices 517
12 1 Magnetic Disk 517
Disk Access and Performance 520
Case Study: Toshiba MK3254GSY 523
Disk Scheduling 527
12 2 Flash Storage 530
12 3 Summary and Future Directions 536
Exercises 540
13 Files and Directories 545
13 1 Implementation Overview 546
13 2 Directories: Naming Data 547
13 3 Files: Finding Data 553
FAT: Linked List 555
FFS: Fixed Tree 558
NTFS: Flexible Tree With Extents 568
Copy-On-Write File Systems 573
13 4 Putting It All Together: File and Directory Access 581
13 5 Summary and Future Directions 583
Exercises 584
14 Reliable Storage 589
14 1 Transactions: Atomic Updates 592
Ad Hoc Approaches 593
The Transaction Abstraction 595
Implementing Transactions 597
Operating Systems: Principles and Practice ix
Transactions and File Systems 609
14 2 Error Detection and Correction 613
Storage Device Failures and Mitigation 613
RAID: Multi-Disk Redundancy for Error Correction 619
Software Integrity Checks 631
14 3 Summary and Future Directions 633
Exercises 635
References 641
Glossary 651
Index 662
|
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