Modern physics: for scientists and engineers
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Academic Press
2015
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVII, 409 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780128007341 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Morrison, John C. |d 1940- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)143099051 |4 aut | |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Academic Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XXXVII, 409 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| adam_text | Modem Physics
for Scientists and Engineers
Second Edition
John C. Morrison, PhD, Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Louisville, KY, USA
The second edition of Modem Physics for Scientists and Engineers is intended for a first course in modern
physics following an introductory course in physics with calculus. With three chapters on atomic physics and
lasers and four chapters on condensed matter physics and semiconductor devices, the book is intended to help
engineering majors prepare for the upper division courses they will later take and provide physics majors an
overview of contemporary physics as it is currently practiced. The second edition has new sections on graphene
and carbon nanotubes as well as new sections on gauge invariance and the discovery of the Higgs boson.
Also included are descriptions of simulations from the software package PhET developed at the University of
Colorado and many exercises using the software package MATLAB. Each of the chapters of the book has special
features that cannot be found in any other book at this level. The Hartree-Fock applet described in Chapter 5
enables students to do Hartree-Fock calculations on any atom in the periodic table and discover for themselves
the nature of the chemical elements. MATLAB programs described in Chapter 10 enable students to calculate
transmission coefficients for barriers where the potential energy assumes a different value for a short interval
and for more complex structures with two or three barriers. Chapter 12 has a careful treatment of the Dirac
equation and a qualitative description of quantum field theory.
Key Features
• Develops modern quantum mechanical ideas systematically and uses these ideas consistently throughout
the book
• Carefully considers fundamental subjects such as transition probabilities, crystal structure, reciprocal lattices,
and Bloch theorem, which are fundamental to any treatment of lasers and semiconductor devices
• Clarifies each important concept through the use of a simple example or an illustration
• Features expanded exercises and problems at the end of each chapter
• Offers multiple appendices to provide quick reference for students
Contents,
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. The Wave-Particle Duality
1.1. The Particle Model of Light
1.1.1. The Photoelectric Effect
1.1.2. The Absorption and Emission of Light
by Atoms
1.1.3. The Compton Effect
1.2. The Wave Model of Radiation and Matter
1.2.1. X-ray Scattering
1.2.2. Electron Waves
Suggestions for Further Reading
Basic Equations
Summary
Questions
Problems
2. The Schrôdinger Wave Equation
2.1. The Wave Equation
2.2. Probabilities and Average Values
2.3. The Finite Potential Well
2.4. The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
2.4.1. The Schrôdinger Equation for the
Oscillator
2.5. Time Evolution of the Wave Function
Suggestion for Further Reading
Basic Equations
Summary
Questions
Problems
3. Operators and Waves
3.1. Observables, Operators, and Eigenvalues
3.2. A Closer Look at the Finite Well
3.3. Electron Scattering
3.3.1. Scattering from a Potential Step
3.3.2. Barrier Penetration and Tunneling
3.4. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 56
3.4.1. Wave Packets and the Uncertainty
Principle 57
3.4.2. Average Value of the Momentum and
the Energy 60
Suggestion for Further Reading 61
Basic Equations 61
Summary 62
Questions 63
Problems 63
4. The Hydrogen Atom 65
4.1. The Gross Structure of Hydrogen 65
4.1.1. The Schrôdinger Equation in Three
Dimensions 65
4.1.2. The Energy Levels of Hydrogen 67
4.1.3. The Wave Functions of Hydrogen 68
4.1.4. Probabilities and Average Values in
Three Dimensions 71
4.1.5. The Intrinsic Spin of the
Electron 73
4.2. Radiative Transitions 74
4.2.1. The Einstein A and В Coefficients 74
4.2.2. Transition Probabilities 75
4.2.3. Selection Rules 79
4.3. The Fine Structure of Hydrogen 80
4.3.1. The Magnetic Moment of the
Electron 80
4.3.2. The Stern-Gerlach Experiment 83
4.3.3. The Spin of the Electron 84
4.3.4. The Addition of Angular Momentum 85
4.3.5. The Fine Structure 86
4.3.6. The Zeeman Effect 88
Suggestion For Further Reading 90
Basic Equations 90
Summary 91
Questions 92
Problems 92
xi
XV
xvii
1
1
1
4
10
12
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13
15
15
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19
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53
VII
viii Contents
5. Many-Electron Atoms 95
5.1. The Independent-Particle Model 95
5.1.1. Antisymmetric Wave Functions and
the Pauli Exclusion Principle 96
5.1.2. The Central-Field Approximation 97
5.2. Shell Structure and the Periodic Table 98
5.3. The LS Term Energies 100
5.4. Configurations of Two Electrons 100
5.4.1. Configurations of Equivalent
Electrons 101
5.4.2. Configurations of Two Nonequivalent
Electrons 103
5.5. The Hartree֊Fock Method 104
5.5.1. The Hartree-Fock Applet 105
5.5.2. The Size of Atoms and the Strength of
Their Interactions 108
Suggestion for Further Reading 113
Basic Equations 113
Summary 113
Questions 114
Problems 114
6. The Emergence of Masers and Lasers 117
6.1. Radiative Transitions 117
6.2. Laser Amplification 118
6.3. Laser Cooling 123
6.4. Magneto-Optical Traps 123
Suggestions for Further Reading 126
Basic Equations 127
Summary 127
Questions 127
Problems 128
7. Statistical Physics 129
7.1. The Nature of Statistical Laws 129
7.2. An Ideal Gas 132
7.3. Applications of Maxwell-Boltzmann
Statistics 134
7.3.1. Maxwell Distribution of the Speeds
of Gas Particles 134
7.3.2. Black-Body Radiation 140
7.4. Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics 145
7.4.1. The Four Laws of Thermodynamics 147
7.5. A Perfect Quantum Gas 149
7.6. Bose-Einstein Condensation 153
7.7. Free-Electron Theory of Metals 155
Suggestions for Further Reading 160
Basic Equations 161
Summary 162
Questions 163
Problems 164
8. Electronic Structure of Solids 167
8.1. Introduction 167
8.2. The Bravais Lattice 168
8.3. Additional Crystal Structures 172
8.3.1. The Diamond Structure 172
8.3.2. The hep Structure 1 72
8.3.3. The Sodium Chloride Structure 173
8.4. The Reciprocal Lattice 174
8.5. Lattice Planes 177
8.6. Bloch s Theorem 181
8.7. Diffraction of Electrons by an Ideal
Crystal 185
8.8. The Bandgap 187
8.9. Classification of Solids 189
8.9.1. The Band Picture 189
8.9.2. The Bond Picture 192
Suggestions for Further Reading 196
Basic Equations 196
Summary 197
Questions 198
Problems 198
9. Charge Carriers in Semiconductors 203
9.1. Density of Charge Carriers in
Semiconductors 203
9.2. Doped Crystals 206
9.3. A Few Simple Devices 207
9.3.1. The p-n Junction 208
9.3.2. Bipolar Transistors 210
9.3.3. Junction Field-Effect Transistors 211
9.3.4. MOSFETs 212
Suggestions for Further Reading 212
Summary 213
Questions 213
10. Semiconductor Lasers 215
10.1. Motion of Electrons in a Crystal 215
10.2. Band Structure of Semiconductors 217
10.2.1. Conduction Bands 217
10.2.2. Valence Bands 218
10.2.3. Optical Transitions 218
10.3. Heterostructures 220
10.3.1. Properties of Heterostructures 220
10.3.2. Experimental Methods 221
10.3.3. Theoretical Methods 223
10.3.4. Band Engineering 224
10.4. Quantum Wells 225
10.4.1, The Finite Well 226
10.4.2, Two-Dimensional Systems 226
10.4.3, Quantum Wells in
Heterostructures 227
Contents ix
10.5. Quantum Barriers
10.5.1. Scattering from a Potential Step
10.5.2. T-Matrices
10.5.3. Scattering from More Complex
Barriers
10.6. Reflection and Transmission of Light
10.6.1. Reflection and Transmission by
an Interface
10.6.2. The Fabry-Perot Laser
10.7. Phenomenological Description of
Diode Lasers
10.7.1. The Rate Equation
10.7.2. Well Below Threshold
10.7.3. The Laser Threshold
10.7.4. Above Threshold
Suggestions for Further Reading
Basic Equations
Summary
Questions
Problems
11. Relativity I
11.1. Galilean Transformations
11.2. The Relative Nature of Simultaneity
11.3. Lorentz Transformation
11.3.1. The Transformation Equations
11.3.2. Lorentz Contraction
11.3.3. Time Dilation
11.3.4. The Invariant Space-Time Interval
11.3.5. Addition of Velocities
11.3.6. The Doppler Effect
11.4. Space-Time Diagrams
11.4.1. Particle Motion
11.4.2. Lorentz Transformations
11.4.3. The Light Cone
11.5. Four-Vectors
Suggestions For Further Reading
Basic Equations
Summary
Questions
Problems
12. Relativity II
12.1. Momentum and Energy
12.2. Conservation of Energy and
Momentum
12.3. The Dirac Theory of the Electron
12.3.1. Review of the Schródinger
Theory
12.3.2. The Klein-Gordon Equation
12.3.3. The Dirac Equation
12.3.4. Plane Wave Solutions of the
Dirac Equation
12.4. Field Quantization 296
Suggestions For Further Reading 298
Basic Equations 298
Summary 300
Questions 300
Problems 301
13. Particle Physics 303
13.1. Leptons and Quarks 303
13.2. Conservation Laws 310
13.2.1. Energy, Momentum, and Charge 310
13.2.2. Lepton Number 311
13.2.3. Baryon Number 312
13.2.4. Strangeness 314
13.2.5. Charm, Beauty, and Truth 316
13.3. Spatial Symmetries 317
13.3.1. Angular Momentum of
Composite Systems 317
13.3.2. Parity 318
13.3.3. Charge Conjugation 320
13.4. Isospin and Color 322
13.4.1. Isospin 322
13.4.2. Color 328
13.5. Feynman Diagrams 330
1 3.5.1. Electromagnetic Interactions 331
13.5.2. Weak Interactions 332
13.5.3. Strong Interactions 334
13.6. The Flavor and Color SU(3)
Symmetries 335
13.6.1. The SU(3) Symmetry Group 336
13.6.2. The Representations of SU(3) 338
13.7. Gauge Invariance and the Electroweak
Theory 343
13.8. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and
the Discovery of the Higgs 345
Suggestion for Further Reading 348
Basic Equations 349
Summary 350
Questions 350
Problems 351
14. Nuclear Physics 353
14.1. Properties of Nuclei 353
14.1.1. Nuclear Sizes 354
14.1.2. Binding Energies 357
14.1.3. The Semi-Empiricai Mass
Formula 359
14.2. Decay Processes 361
14.2.1. «-Decay 362
14.2.2. The ^-Stability Valley 363
14.2.3. /-Decay 365
14.2.4. Natural Radioactivity 367
229
229
231
232
235
236
238
239
240
242
242
243
244
244
246
246
247
249
249
252
254
254
257
258
261
262
263
265
266
269
270
271
275
276
277
277
278
281
281
284
288
288
290
290
293
x Contents
14.3. The Nuclear Shell Model
14.3.1. Nuclear Potential Wells
14.3.2. Nucleon States
14.3.3. Magic Numbers
14.3.4. The Spin֊Orbit Interaction
14.4. Excited States of Nuclei
Suggestions for Further Reading
Basic Equations
Summary
Questions
Problems
Appendices
A. Constants and Conversion Factors
Constants
Particle Masses
Conversion Factors
B. Atomic Masses
C. Introduction to MATLAB
Creating a Vector
Plotting Functions
Using Arrays in MATLAB
Using Functions in MATLAB
D. Solution of the Oscillator Equation
E. The Average Value of the
Momentum
F. The Hartree-Fock Applet
C. Integrals that Arise in Statistical
Physics
Reference
Further Reading
Index
Appendices on Web Pages of Book
Appendix AA
The Gradient and Laplacian Operators
Appendix BB
Solution of the Schrôdinger Equation in
Spherical Coordinates
Appendix CC
More Accurate Numerical Solutions of
the Eigenvalue Problem
Appendix DD
The Angular Momentum Operators
Appendix EE
The Radial Equation for Hydrogen
Appendix FF
Transition Probabilities for z-Polarized
Light
Appendix GG
Transitions with x- and y-Polarized
Light
Appendix HH
Derivation of the Distribution Laws
Appendix II
Derivation of Bloch s Theorem
Appendix jj
The Band Gap
Appendix KK
Vector Spaces and Matrices
Appendix LL
Algebraic Solution of the Oscillator
368
368
369
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371
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376
376
377
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|
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| indexdate | 2024-08-01T10:45:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780128007341 |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Morrison, John C. 1940- Modern physics for scientists and engineers Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Modern physics for scientists and engineers |
| title_auth | Modern physics for scientists and engineers |
| title_exact_search | Modern physics for scientists and engineers |
| title_full | Modern physics for scientists and engineers John C. Morrison |
| title_fullStr | Modern physics for scientists and engineers John C. Morrison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern physics for scientists and engineers John C. Morrison |
| title_short | Modern physics |
| title_sort | modern physics for scientists and engineers |
| title_sub | for scientists and engineers |
| topic | Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Physik Lehrbuch |
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