Explanation in causal inference: methods for mediation and interaction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
[2015]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 706 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780199325870 0199325871 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Explanation in Causal
Inference
Methods for Mediation and Interaction
TYLER J VANDERWEELE
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS
Preface xi
PART ONE Mediation Analysis
1 Explanation and Mechanism 3
1 1 Causal Inference and Explanation 4
1 2 Forms ofExplanation and Types of Mechanisms 7
1 3 Motivations for Assessing Mediation, Interaction,
and Interference 11
1 4 Organization of this Book 16
2 Mediation: Introduction and Regression-Based Approaches 20
2 1 Classic Regression Approach to Mediat ion
Analysis 21
2 2 Counterfactual Approach to Mediation Analysis:
Continuous Outcomes 22
2 3 Assumptions about Confounding 24
2 4 Binary and Count Outcomes 27
2 5 Binary Mediators 29
2 6 Comparison of Approaches: Product-ol-Coefficient and
Difference Methods 30
2 7 Description of the SAS Macro 35
2 8 Description of the SPSS Macro 38
2 9 Description of the Stata Macro 40
2 10 Hypothetical Example with Output 41
2 11 Empirical Example in Genetic Epidemiology 43
2 12 When to Include an Exposure-Mediator Interaction 45
2 13 Proportion Mediated 47
2 14 Proportion Eliminated 50
2 15 Study Design and Mediation Analysis 2
2 16 Counterfactual Notation for Natural Direct and
Indirect Effects 56
2 17 An Alternative Regression-Based Estimation Approach Using
Simulations 60
2 18 Code for the Simulation-Based Approach in R 62
2 19 Discussion 64
vi Contents
3 Sensitivity Analysis for Mediation 60
3 1 Sensitivity Analysis for Unmeasured Confounding for
Total Effects 67
3 2 Sensitivity Analysis for Unmeasured Confounding for
Controlled Direct Effects 76
3 3 Sensitivity Analysis for Unmeasured Confounding for Natural
Direct and Indirect Effects 81
3 4 Sensitivity Analysis Using Two Trials 87
3 5 Sensitivity Analysis for Direct and Indirect Effects in the Presence of
Measurement Error 92
3 6 Discussion 97
4 Mediation Analysis with Survival Data 98
4 1 Earlier Literature on Mediatio n Analysis with Survival Models 98
4 2 Mediation Analysis with an Accelerated Failure Time Model 100
4 3 Mediation Analysis with a Proportional Hazards Model 101
4 4 Mediation with an Additive H azard Model 103
45A Weighting Approach to Direct and Indirect Effects with
Survival Outcomes 104
4 6 Sensitivity Analysis with Survival Data 108
4 7 Discussion 111
5 Multiple Mediators 113
5 1 Regression-Based Approaches to Multiple Mediators 114
52A Weighting Approach to Mu Itiple Mediators 122
5 3 Controlled Direct Effects and Exposure-Induced
Confounding 126
5 4 Effect Decomposition with E: posure-Induced Confounding 135
5 5 Path-Specific Effects 140
5 6 Sensitivity Analysis for Exposure-Induced Confounding 144
5 7 Discussion 152
6 Mediation Analysis with Time-Varying Exposures and Mediators 153
6 1 Notation and Definitions 154
6 2 Controlled Direct Effects with Time-Varying Exposures and
Mediators 155
6 3 Natural Direct and Indirect Effects and their Randomized
Interventional Analogues with Time-Varying Exposures and
Mediators 164
6 4 Counterfactual Analysis of MacKinnon s Three-Wave
Mediation Model 166
6 5 Discussion 168
7 Selected Topics in Mediation Anal) ;is 169
7 1 Other Estimation Approaches 169
7 2 Ill-Defined Mediators and Multiple Versions of the Mediator 172
7 3 Controversies Over Assumpti ons and Alt ernative Interpretations of
Effects 179
Contents vii
7 4 Direct and Indirect Effects in Health Disparities Research 183
7 5 Rubin s Seemingly Problematic Examples 185
76A Three-Way Decomposition into Direct, Indirect, and
Interactive Effects 193
7 7 Alternative Identification Strategies Using Confounding
Control 200
7 8 Identification Using Baseline Covariates that Interact with
Exposure 202
7 9 Power and Sample Size Calculations for Mediation Analysis 204
7 10 Discussion 205
8 Other Topics Related to Intermediates 206
8 1 Principal Stratification 206
8 2 Surrogate Outcomes 217
8 3 Instrumental Variables 228
8 4 Mendelian Randomization 232
8 5 Discussion 245
PART TWO Interaction Analysis
9 An Introduction to Interaction Analysis 249
9 1 Measures of Interaction and Scale
of Interaction 249
9 2 Statistical Interactions and Statistical In rerence 257
9 3 Inference for Additive Interaction 259
9 4 SAS and Stata Code for Additive Interaction from Logistic
Regression 261
9 5 Additive Versus Multiplicative Interacti on 265
9 6 Confounding and the Interpretation of Interaction: Interaction
Versus Effect Heterogeneity 268
9 7 Presenting Interaction Analyses 270
9 8 Synergism and Mechanistic Interaction 272
9 9 Interactions for Continuous Outcomes and Time-to-Event
Outcomes 276
9 10 Identifying Subgroups to Target Treatment 277
9 11 Qualitative Interaction 279
9 12 Attributing Effects to Interactions 281
9 13 Discussion 284
10 Mechanistic Interaction 286
10 1 Sufficient Causes and Synergism 287
10 2 Statistical Interaction with No Mecham stic
Interaction 288
10 3 Empirical Tests for Sufficient Cause Syi lergism 29 L
10 4 Sufficient Cause Interaction and Statistical
Interactions 294
10 5 Epistatic or Singular Interactions 29( •
10 6 Extensions to Ordinal Exposures 299
10 7 Extensions to Three or More Exposures 302
10 8 Other Extensions 304
10 9 Antagonism 306
10 10 Limits of Inference Concerning Biology 316
10 11 Discussion 319
11 Bias Analysis for Interactions 320
11 1 Sensitivity Analysis and Robustness for Additive Interaction 320
11 2 Sensitivity Analysis and Robustness for
MultiplicativeInteraction3IS
11 3 Sensitivity Analysis for the Relative Excess Risk
Due to Interaction 327
11 4 Measurement Error and Additive Interaction 330
11 5 Measurement Error and Multiplicative Interaction 333
11 6 Discussion 335
12 Interaction in Genetics: Independence and Boosting Power 337
12 1 Case-Only Estimators of Interaction 337
12 2 Joint Tests for Interactions nd Main Effects 340
12 3 Multiple Testing 343
12 4 Discussion 345
13 Power and Sample-Size Calculations for Interaction Analysis 346
13 1 Power and Sample-Size Calculations for Interaction for
Continuous Outcomes 34
13 2 Power and Sample-Size Calculations for Binary Outcomes:
Multiplicative Interaction 348
13 3 Power and Sample Size Calculations for Binary Outcomes:
Additive Interaction 355
13 4 Power and Sample Size Calculations for Binary Outcomes:
Mechanistic Interaction 363
13 5 Excel Spreadsheets for Sample-Size and Power Calculations for
Additive and Multiplicative Interaction for a Binary
Outcome 365
13 6 Discussion 368
PART THREE Synthesis and Spillov er Effects
14 A Unification of Mediation and Int eraction 371
14 1 Notation and Definitions 372
14 2 Fourfold Decomposition: The Unification ofMediation and
Interaction 372
14 3 Identification of the Effects 374
14 4 Relation to Statistical Models 377
14 5 Binary Outcomes and the Ratio Scale 378
14 6 Illustration in Genetic Epidemiology 379
14 7 Relation to Mediation Decompositions 381
14 8 Relation to Interaction De ompositions 385
Contents
14 9 SAS Code for the Four-Way Decomposition 388
14 10 Discussion 395
15 Social Interactions and Spillover Effects 397
15 1 Notation and Definitions for Spillover Effects 398
15 2 Basic Spillover and Individual/Direct Effects 399
15 3 Assessing Infectiousness Effects 402
15 4 Contagion versus Infectiousness Effects 408
15 5 Tests for Specific Forms of Interference Using
Causal Interactions 419
15 6 Inferential Challenges with Many Individuals pei Cluster 426
15 7 Spillover Effects and Observational Data 428
15 8 Spillover Effects and Social Networks 432
15 9 Discussion 442
16 Mediation and Interaction: Future and Context 443
16 1 The Present State ofMethods and Future Methodological
Development 443
16 2 Philosophical Questions 448
Appendix Technical Details and Proofs 459
References 641
Index 669
|
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| spelling | VanderWeele, Tyler J. Verfasser (DE-588)1072520451 aut Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction Tyler J. VanderWeele Oxford Oxford University Press [2015] xvi, 706 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kausalanalyse (DE-588)4163511-5 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 s Kausalanalyse (DE-588)4163511-5 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027946002&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction |
| title_auth | Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction |
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| title_full | Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction Tyler J. VanderWeele |
| title_fullStr | Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction Tyler J. VanderWeele |
| title_full_unstemmed | Explanation in causal inference methods for mediation and interaction Tyler J. VanderWeele |
| title_short | Explanation in causal inference |
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