Phoniatrics: Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Springer Berlin
2016
|
| Ausgabe: | Aufl. 2015 |
| Schriftenreihe: | European Manual of Medicine
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 590 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9783662467794 3662467798 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Phoniatrics |b Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders |c Antoinette Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen |
| 250 | |a Aufl. 2015 | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer Berlin |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a X, 590 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 653 | |a Mixed media product | ||
| 653 | |a Voice | ||
| 653 | |a Swallowing | ||
| 653 | |a Speech | ||
| 653 | |a Language | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
PART
I
FUNDAMENTALS
1
BASICS
OF
PHONIATRICS
.
3
LISA
BARTHA-DOERING,
PETER
BIRKHOLZ,
CORI
CASANOVA,
FELIX
DE
JONG,
WIVINE
DECOSTER,
LITER
DENIZOGLU,
ROLF
DIERICHS,
CHRISTIAN
DOBEL,
MICHELE
KAUFMANN-MEYER,
MALTE
KOH,
ANDERS
LOFQVIST,
DIRK
MIIRBE,
CHRISTIANE
NEUSCHAEFER-RUBE,
CHRISTO
PANTEV,
BERNHARD
RICHTER,
KEN
ROBLAU,
OSKAR
SCHINDLER,
HARM
K.
SCHUTTE,
AD
SNIK,
CLAUDIA
SPAHN,
KURT
STEPHAN,
AND
JURGEN
WENDLER
1.1
HISTORY
OF
THE
DISCIPLINE
.
4
1.1.1
SCIENTIFIC
BACKGROUND
.
4
1.1.2
MEDICAL
SPECIALISATION
TOWARDS
VOICE,
SPEECH,
LANGUAGE
AND
HEARING
.
7
1.1.3
AFTER
THE
SECOND
WORLD
WAR
.
9
1.1.4
PRESENT
AND
FUTURE
.
12
1.2
DEVELOPMENTAL
AND
ANATOMICAL
BACKGROUND
OF
COMMUNICATION
AND
SWALLOWING
DISORDERS
.
13
1.2.1
EMBRYOLOGY
.
13
1.2.2
ANATOMY
.
29
1.3
PHYSICS,
ACOUSTICS,
PSYCHOACOUSTICS
.
50
1.3.1
SOUND
WAVES
.
51
1.3.2
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SOUND
.
51
1.3.3
PROPAGATION
OF
SOUND
.
52
1.3.4
PERCEPTION
OF
SOUND
AND
PSYCHOACOUSTICS
.
53
1.3.5
LOUDNESS
.
53
1.3.6
MASKING
OF
SOUND
.
54
1.3.7
BINAURAL
HEARING
.
54
1.4
CONCISE
OVERVIEW
OF
THE
PHYSIOLOGY
OF
HEARING
.
55
1.4.1
ANATOMY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
OF
THE
HEARING
ORGAN
.
55
1.4.2
PERCEPTION
OF
SOUNDS
.
58
1.4.3
TEMPORAL-SPECTRAL
PROCESSING
.
59
1.5
PRINCIPLES
OF
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
BIOMECHANICS
OF
VOICE:
AERODYNAMICS
OF
VOICE
.
61
1.5.1
SOUND
PRODUCTION
.
61
1.5.2
AN
ADEQUATE
BALANCE
OF
PARAMETERS
.
64
IX
X
CONTENTS
1.6
VOICE
AND
ROOM
ACOUSTICS
.
65
1.6.1
RESONANCES
OF
ROOMS
.
65
1.6.2
EXCITATION
OF
ROOMS
.
66
1.6.3
DIRECT
SOUND
VS.
DIFFUSE
SOUND
FIELD
.
66
1.6.4
FEEDBACK
LOOPS
OF
PERCEPTION
AND
PRODUCTION
.
67
1.7
VOICE
ERGONOMICS
.
68
1.7.1
HEALTH
AND
ERGONOMICS
.
68
1.7.2
THE
DOMAINS
OF
ERGONOMICS
.
69
1.7.3
THE
VOICE
ERGONOMICS
PERSPECTIVE
.
69
1.7.4
THE
VOICE
ERGONOMICS
APPROACH
.
70
1.8
BASICS
OF
MUSIC
.
71
1.8.1
GENERAL
DEFINITIONS
.
71
1.8.2
BASICS
OF
VOCAL
MUSIC:
A
MUSCLE-SPECIFIC
APPROACH
FOR
PHONIATRICIANS
.
75
1.8.3
STYLES,
GENRES
AND
VOCAL
ORNAMENTATION
IN
SINGING
.
81
1.8.4
PHONIATRICIAN
*
S
MULTIDIMENSIONAL
APPROACH
FOR
VOCAL
PEDAGOGY
.
82
1.9
MUSICIANS
*
MEDICINE
.
83
1.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
83
1.9.2
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
.
83
1.9.3
THE
*
GERMAN
*
SITUATION
.
84
1.9.4
THE
*
INTERNATIONAL
*
SITUATION
.
85
1.9.5
TEXTBOOKS
.
85
1.9.6
COMMON
FEATURES
IN
INSTRUMENTALISTS
AND
SINGERS
.
85
1.9.7
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
IN
INSTRUMENTALISTS
AND
SINGERS
.
85
1.9.8
FIELDS
OF
MEDICINE
INVOLVED
.
86
1.9.9
SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS
.
86
1.10
VOICE
SCIENCE
AND
HYGIENE
IN
SINGING
EDUCATION
.
86
1.11
PRODUCTION,
PERCEPTION
AND
ACOUSTICS
OF
SPEECH
.
91
1.11.1
INTRODUCTION
.
91
1.11.2
SPEECH
PRODUCTION:
STATICS
.
91
1.11.3
SPEECH
PRODUCTION:
DYNAMICS
.
93
1.11.4
SPEECH
ACOUSTICS
.
95
1.11.5
SPEECH
PERCEPTION
.
98
1.12
ARTICULATORY
MODELS
.
100
1.12.1
INTRODUCTION
.
100
1.12.2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ARTICULATORY
MODELS
.
101
1.12.3
APPLICATION
OF
ARTICULATORY
MODELS
.
103
1.13
LINGUISTICS,
NEUROLINGUISTICS
AND
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
.
105
1.13.1
INTRODUCTION
TO
NEUROLINGUISTICS
.
105
1.13.2
LANGUAGE
COMPONENTS
.
106
1.13.3
LOCALISATION
OF
LANGUAGE
FUNCTIONS
IN
THE
BRAIN
.
106
1.13.4
DEVELOPMENT
OF
LANGUAGE
LOCALISATION
.
108
1.13.5
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
ASPECTS
OF
LANGUAGE
.
109
CONTENTS
XI
1.14
BASICS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
112
1.14.1
INTRODUCTION
.
112
1.14.2
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT:
BETWEEN
NORMS
AND
INDIVIDUALITY
.
112
1.14.3
DIAGNOSTICS
.
113
1.14.4
THERAPY
.
114
1.14.5
WORK
WITH
THE
PARENTS/CARERS
.
114
1.14.6
MONITORING
THE
PROGRESS
AND
TERMINATION
OF
THERAPY
.
115
1.15
INTRODUCTION
TO
BRAIN
IMAGING
AND
ITS
APPLICATION
IN
PHONIATRIC
SCIENCES
.
115
1.15.1
INTRODUCTION
TO
BRAIN
IMAGING
METHODS
.
115
1.15.2
POSSIBLE
APPLICATIONS
IN
A
PHONIATRIC
SETTING
.
118
REFERENCES
.
118
2
HEALTHCARE
.
125
OJAN
ASSADIAN,
PETER
MATULAT,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
ANTONIO
SCHINDLER,
AND
ERKKI
VILKMAN
2.1
WHO
CLASSIFICATION
OF
DIAGNOSIS
AND
FUNCTIONING
.
125
2.1.1
DIAGNOSIS
AND
CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEMS
.
125
2.1.2
INTERNATIONAL
STATISTICAL
CLASSIFICATION
OF
DISEASES
AND
RELATED
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
(ICD)
.
126
2.1.3
INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
OF
FUNCTIONING,
DISABILITY
AND
HEALTH
(ICF)
AND
THE
CHILDREN
AND
YOUTH
VERSION
(ICF-CY)
.
126
2.1.4
CODING
EXAMPLES
.
138
2.1.5
ICF
AND
ICF-CY
IN
COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
.
138
2.2
LEGISLATIVE
ASPECTS
.
138
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
138
2.2.2
HEALTHCARE
.
139
2.2.3
REHABILITATION
.
139
2.2.4
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY
AND
HEALTH
(OSH)
.
140
2.3
INVESTIGATING
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
TREATMENT
AND
REHABILITATION
OF
COMMUNICATION
AND
SWALLOWING
DISORDERS
.
141
2.3.1
THE
PROBLEM
OF
EVIDENCE-BASED
TREATMENT
IN
COMMUNICATION
AND
SWALLOWING
DISORDERS
.
141
2.3.2
EVIDENCE-BASED
MEDICINE
AND
EVIDENCE-INFORMED
HEALTHCARE
.
141
2.3.3
APPLICATIONS
OF
EBM
FOR
COMMUNICATION
AND
SWALLOWING
DISORDERS
.
144
2.4
PRINCIPLES
OF
STERILISATION
AND
DISINFECTION
OF
MEDICAL
DEVICES
IN
PHONIATRICS
.
147
2.4.1
TRANSMISSION
OF
PATHOGENS
IN
HEALTHCARE
SETTINGS
.
.
147
2.4.2
PRINCIPLES
OF
REPROCESSING
OF
MEDICAL
DEVICES
.
148
2.4.3
LEGAL
ASPECTS
OF
REPROCESSING
AND
EUROPEAN
DIRECTIVES
.
150
REFERENCES
.
151
XII
CONTENTS
3
BASICS
OF
RELATED
MEDICAL
DISCIPLINES
.
155
HANNO
J.
BOLZ,
TIEMO
GRIMM,
GEREON
HEUFT,
CHRISTIAN
POSTERT,
GEORG
ROMER,
EVA
SEEMANOVA,
ESTHER
STRITTMATTER,
DAGMAR
WEISE,
AND
KLAUS
ZERRES
3.1
BASICS
OF
GENETICS
AND
THE
CLINICAL
IMPACT
OF
GENETIC
TESTING
IN
PATIENTS
WITH
HEARING
IMPAIRMENT
.
155
3.1.1
PREVALENCE
AND
GENETIC
HETEROGENEITY
.
155
3.1.2
MODES
OF
INHERITANCE
.
156
3.1.3
MOLECULAR
GENETIC
TESTING
.
157
3.1.4
HIGH-THROUGHPUT
SEQUENCING
(NEXT-GENERATION
SEQUENCING):
A
BREAKTHROUGH
IN
DIAGNOSTICS
.
157
3.1.5
THE
RELEVANCE
OF
AN
EARLY
GENETIC
DIAGNOSIS
IN
HEARING
LOSS:
THE
ROLE
OF
NGS
.
159
3.1.6
NEWBORN
HEARING
SCREENING
SHOULD
BE
SUPPLEMENTED
BY
COMPREHENSIVE
GENETIC
TESTING
.
161
3.2
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
161
3.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
161
3.2.2
DEFINITION
OF
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
161
3.2.3
INDICATIONS
OF
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
161
3.2.4
GENETIC
DIAGNOSIS
.
162
3.2.5
MOLECULAR
DIAGNOSIS
.
162
3.2.6
MULTIFACTORIAL
DISORDERS
.
163
3.2.7
RECURRENCE
RISK
.
163
3.2.8
COMMUNICATION
AND
SUPPORT
.
164
3.2.9
DIRECTIVE
VERSUS
NON-DIRECTIVE
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
164
3.2.10
CONCLUSIONS
.
164
3.3
NEUROPAEDIATRIC
APPROACHES
TO
A
CHILD
WITH
SUSPECTED
LANGUAGE
DISORDER
.
165
3.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
165
3.3.2
DIAGNOSIS
.
165
3.3.3
FURTHER
DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES
.
169
3.3.4
TREATMENT
.
174
3.4
BASICS
OF
PSYCHOSOMATIC
MEDICINE
.
174
3.4.1
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
AND
PUBLIC
HEALTH
IMPORTANCE
OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS
.
174
3.4.2
BASIC
PSYCHOSOMATIC
COMPETENCE
OF
A
SPECIALIST
IN
PHONIATRICS
.
175
3.4.3
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
SOMATIC
DISEASE
AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
STATE
.
176
3.4.4
DISSOCIATIVE
MOTOR
DISORDERS
.
177
3.4.5
RELEVANT
POSSIBILITIES
FOR
INTERVENTION
IN
THE
PHONIATRICIAN-PATIENT
RELATIONSHIP
.
177
3.5
BASICS
OF
CHILD
AND
ADOLESCENT
PSYCHIATRY:
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER
.
179
3.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
179
3.5.2
PREVALENCE
OF
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER
(ADHD)
.
180
CONTENTS
XIII
3.5.3
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
.
180
3.5.4
AETIOLOGY
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
.
181
3.5.5
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
.
182
3.5.6
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
TREATMENT
.
182
3.5.7
SUMMARY
AND
CLINICAL
IMPLICATIONS
.
182
3.6
BASICS
OF
CHILD
AND
ADOLESCENT
PSYCHIATRY:
AUTISM
SPECTRUM
AND
PERVASIVE
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
.
182
3.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
182
3.6.2
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
.
183
3.6.3
AETIOLOGY
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
.
184
3.6.4
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
.
184
3.6.5
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
TREATMENT
.
184
3.6.6
SUMMARY
AND
CLINICAL
IMPLICATIONS
.
185
3.7
BASICS
OF
CHILD
AND
ADOLESCENT
PSYCHIATRY:
SELECTIVE
MUTISM
.
185
3.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
185
3.7.2
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
.
186
3.7.3
AETIOLOGY
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
.
186
3.7.4
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
.
186
3.7.5
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
TREATMENT
.
187
3.7.6
SUMMARY
AND
CLINICAL
IMPLICATIONS
.
187
REFERENCES
.
187
PART
II
VOICE
DISORDERS
INCLUDING
REHABILITATION
OF
TUMOUR
PATIENTS
4
BASICS
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
193
SEVTAP
AKBULUT,
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
FELIX
DE
JONG,
MATTHIAS
ECHTERNACH,
ULRICH
EYSHOLDT,
MICHAEL
FUCHS,
TAMAS
HACKI,
KRZYSZTOF
IZDEBSKI,
ANNEROSE
KEILMANN,
PETER
KUMMER,
SANILA
MAHMOOD,
WILLY
MATTHEUS,
DIRK
MTIRBE,
TADEUS
NAWKA,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
EKATERINA
OSIPENKO,
FRIEDEMANN
PABST,
METTE
PEDERSEN,
RAINER
SCHONWEILER,
AMELIE
ELISABETH
TILLMANNS,
AND
ERKKI
VILKMAN
4.1
DEFINITION
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
194
4.2
CONSIDERATIONS
REGARDING
THE
AETIOLOGICAL
DEFINITION
OF
PHONATION
DISORDERS:
*
MALREGULATIVE
DYSPHONIA
*
INSTEAD
OF
*
FUNCTIONAL
DYSPHONIA
*
.
195
4.2.1
BACKGROUND
.
195
4.2.2
DEFINITIONS
.
196
4.2.3
NEWLY
PROPOSED
DEFINITION
.
196
4.2.4
CONCLUSION
.
197
4.3
PARAMETERS
OF
VOICE
PRODUCTION
RELEVANT
FOR
CLINICAL
INVESTIGATION
.
197
4.3.1
FUNDAMENTAL
FREQUENCY,
MEAN
FUNDAMENTAL
FREQUENCY
OF
THE
SPEAKING
VOICE
AND
VOCAL
FREQUENCY
RANGE
.
198
4.3.2
DYNAMIC
RANGE
AND
VOICE
RANGE
PROFILE
. .
199
XIV CONTENTS
4.3.3
ACOUSTIC
PARAMETERS
.
200
4.3.4 MAXIMUM
PHONATION
TIME
.
201
4.4
TYPES
OF
PHONATION
.
201
4.4.1
DEFINITION
.
201
4.4.2
SOUND
SOURCES
WITHIN
THE
LARYNX
.
202
4.4.3
GLOTTAL
PHONATION
.
203
4.4.4
SUPRAGLOTTAL
PHONATION
.
204
4.5
VOCAL
REGISTERS
.
205
4.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
205
4.5.2
PULSE
REGISTER
.
207
4.5.3
MODAL
REGISTER
.
207
4.5.4 MALE
FALSETTO
.
207
4.5.5
SIDE
NOTE
CONCERNING
HIGHER
FEMALE
REGISTERS
.
208
4.5.6
MIDDLE
REGISTER
.
208
4.5.7
FIRST
PASSAGGIO
.
208
4.5.8
UPPER
REGISTER
.
208
4.5.9
SECOND
PASSAGGIO
.
209
4.5.10 WHISTLE
REGISTER
.
210
4.5.11
BELTING
AS
REGISTER
FUNCTION
.
211
4.5.12
YODELLING
.
211
4.6 EXTERNAL
LARYNGEAL
MUSCLES
AND
THEIR
ROLE
IN
VOICE
PRODUCTION
.
212
4.6.1
EXTERNAL
LARYNGEAL
FRAME
IN
VOICE
PRODUCTION
.
212
4.6.2
FOLDING
AND
UNFOLDING
OF
THE
LARYNGEAL
STRUCTURES
.
212
4.6.3
LENGTH
ADJUSTMENT
OF
THE
VOCAL
FOLDS
.
213
4.6.4
LARYNGEAL
HEIGHT
IN
VOICE
PEDAGOGY
AND
THERAPY
.
.
.
214
4.6.5
CONCLUSION
.
214
4.7
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF
DYSPHONIA
.
214
4.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
214
4.7.2
ORGANIC/STRUCTURAL
DYSPHONIA
.
216
4.7.3
FUNCTIONAL/MALREGULATIVE
DYSPHONIA
.
216
4.8
AETIOLOGY
AND
PATHOGENESIS
OF
DYSPHONIA:
AN
OVERVIEW
WITH
FOCUS
ON
MALFORMATIONS,
INFLAMMATORY/SYSTEMIC
DISEASES,
MALIGNANCIES
AND
TRAUMATA
AFFECTING
THE
LARYNX,
RESONANCE
DISORDERS
AND
PRESBYPHONIA
.
217
4.8.1
MALFORMATIONS
.
217
4.8.2
LOCALISED
INFLAMMATORY
DISEASES
AFFECTING
THE
LARYNX
.
218
4.8.3
SYSTEMIC
INFLAMMATORY
DISEASES
AFFECTING
THE
LARYNX
.
221
4.8.4 MALIGNANCIES
OF
THE
LARYNX
.
222
4.8.5
TRAUMATA
.
224
4.8.6
RESONANCE
DISORDERS
.
224
4.8.7
PRESBYPHONIA
.
225
4.9
GENETIC
BACKGROUND
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
AND
GENETIC
PERSPECTIVES
IN
VOICE
TREATMENT
.
225
4.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
225
4.9.2
GENETIC
BACKGROUND
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
225
CONTENTS
XV
4.9.3
GENETIC
PERSPECTIVES
IN
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
TREATMENT
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
229
4.9.4
INTERINDIVIDUAL
TOLERANCE
OF
DRUGS
AND
PERSONALISED
MEDICINE/GENOMIC
MEDICINE
.
.
.
229
4.9.5
OUTLOOK
.
230
4.10
SYMPTOMATIC
PROFILE:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF
PHONATION
.
230
4.10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
230
4.10.2
SUBGLOTTAL
PRESSURE
.
230
4.10.3
ASYMMETRIES
OF
DISTRIBUTION
OF
MASS,
SHAPE
AND
TENSION
OF
THE
VOCAL
FOLDS
.
231
4.10.4
SUPRAGLOTTAL
SHAPE
OF
THE
VOCAL
TRACT
.
232
REFERENCES
.
233
5
SPECIAL
KINDS
AND
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS.
.
239
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
SEVTAP
AKBULUT,
EUGENIA
CHAVEZ
CALDERON,
MUHITTIN
DEMIR,
DIRK
DEUSTER,
MICHAEL
FUCHS,
AHMED
GENEID,
THOMAS
MURRY,
TADEUS
NAWKA,
CHRISTIANE
NEUSCHAEFER-RUBE,
EWA
NIEBUDEK-BOGUSZ,
ANDRZEJ
OBR^BOWSKI,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
ARNO
OLTHOFF,
ANDERS
OVERGARD
JPNSSON,
METTE
PEDERSEN,
BERNHARD
RICHTER,
JOHN
RUBIN,
BERIT
SCHNEIDER-STICKLER,
KEVIN
SHIELDS,
MARIOLA
S
1
I
WINSKA-
KOWAL
SKA,
B
OZENA
WISKIRSKA-WOZNICA,
VIRGINIE
WOISARD,
AND
WALDEMAR
WOJ
NOWSKI
5.1
FUNCTIONAL
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
240
5.1.1
DEFINITION
.
240
5.1.2
TERMINOLOGY
.
240
5.1.3
AETIOLOGY
OF
FUNCTIONAL
DYSPHONIA
.
241
5.1.4
HYPERFUNCTIONAL
AND
HYPOFUNCTIONAL
DYSPHONIA
.
242
5.1.5
DYSODIA
.
242
5.1.6
CLINICAL
DIAGNOSTICS
.
242
5.1.7
MANAGEMENT
.
243
5.2
OCCUPATIONAL
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
244
5.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
244
5.2.2
DEFINITION
.
244
5.2.3
EPIDEMIOLOGY
.
244
5.2.4
AETIOLOGY
AND
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
OCCUPATIONAL
DYSPHONIA
.
245
5.2.5
DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES
.
246
5.2.6
THE
ASSESSMENT
OF
VOCAL
LOAD
EFFECTS
.
247
5.2.7
CLINICAL
ASPECTS
OF
OCCUPATIONAL
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
248
5.2.8
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
.
250
5.2.9
MANAGEMENT
IN
OCCUPATIONAL
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
251
5.3
SINGING
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
252
5.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
252
5.3.2
SPECIAL
ISSUES
IN
THE
EVALUATION
OF
SINGERS
*
VOICES.
.
.
252
5.3.3
SINGING-RELATED
DISORDERS
.
253
5.3.4
DYSFUNCTIONS
AND
DISEASES
HAMPERING
SINGING
.
255
XVI
CONTENT
5.4
BENIGN
ORGANIC
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
257
5.4.1
LESIONS
OF
THE
LAMINA
PROPRIA
OF
THE
VOCAL
FOLDS
.
257
5.4.2
SECONDARY
PATHOLOGICAL
CHANGES
OF
THE
VOCAL
FOLDS
AND
THE
LARYNX
.
259
5.5
GASTRO-OESOPHARYNGEAL
REFLUX
INFLUENCES
ON
LARYNX
AND
VOICE
.
263
5.5.1
WHAT
IS
GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL
REFLUX?
.
263
5.5.2
WHAT
IS
LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL
REFLUX?
.
265
5.5.3
REFLUX
AND
LARYNX
.
265
5.5.4
REFLUX
AND
VOICE
.
268
5.5.5
CONCLUSION
.
271
5.6
CENTRAL NEUROGENIC
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
271
5.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
271
5.6.2
LANGUAGE
.
273
5.6.3
NEUROLARYNGOLOGY
HISTORY-TAKING
.
273
5.6.4
THE
CLINICAL
EXAMINATION:
GENERAL
.
274
5.6.5
NEUROLOGICAL
SPEECH
AND
VOICE
DISORDER
TERMS
.
275
5.6.6
CLINICAL
APPROACH
.
276
5.6.7
SUMMARY
.
280
5.7
PERIPHERAL
NEUROGENIC
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
280
5.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
280
5.7.2
BRIEF
HISTORICAL
REVIEW
.
281
5.7.3
ANATOMY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
.
282
5.7.4
LARYNGEAL
INNERVATION
.
283
5.7.5
LARYNGEAL
MOTORIC
SYSTEM
.
284
5.7.6
LARYNGEAL
TASKS
AND
FUNCTION
.
284
5.7.7
LARYNGEAL
COMPETENCE
AND
INCOMPETENCE
.
285
5.7.8
DIAGNOSTICS
.
286
5.7.9
THERAPY
.
290
5.8
LARYNGEAL
SENSORY
NEUROPATHY
.
291
5.8.1
INTRODUCTION
.
291
5.8.2
EVIDENCE
FOR
LARYNGEAL
SENSORY
NEUROPATHY
.
292
5.8.3
SUMMARY
.
294
5.9
PSYCHOSOMATIC
VOICE
DYSFUNCTION
.
294
5.9.1
THE
ROLE
OF
VOICE
IN
COMMUNICATION
.
294
5.9.2
MENTAL
ILLNESS
IN
PHONIATRIC
PRACTICE
.
295
5.9.3
PSYCHOGENIC
APHONIA
.
296
5.9.4
PSYCHOGENIC
DYSPHONIA
AND
PSYCHOGENIC
ASPECTS
OF
FUNCTIONAL
DYSPHONIA
.
297
5.9.5
PSYCHOGENIC
ASPECTS
OF
MUTATIONAL
FALSETTO
.
298
5.9.6
THERAPEUTIC
STRATEGIES
FOR PSYCHOSOMATIC
VOICE
DYSFUNCTIONS
.
299
5.10
HORMONE-RELATED
DYSPHONIA
.
299
5.10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
299
5.10.2
INFLUENCE
OF
SEX
HORMONES
.
299
5.10.3
DYSFUNCTION
OF
THE
PITUITARY
GLAND
.
301
5.10.4
DYSFUNCTION
OF
THE
THYROID
AND
PARATHYROID
GLANDS
.
301
5.10.5
DYSFUNCTION
OF
THE
SUPRARENAL
GLANDS
.
302
CONTENTS
XVII
5.10.6
VOICE
DISTURBANCES
IN
DIABETES
MELLITUS
. .
302
5.10.7
VIRILISATION
OF
THE
FEMALE
VOICE
ORGAN
.
302
5.11
A
SURVEY
ON
GENDER
VOCOLOGY
FOCUSED
ON
THE
DEMANDS
OF
MALE-TO-FEMALE
TRANSSEXUALS
.
302
5.11.1
INTRODUCTION
.
302
5.11.2
TERMINOLOGY
.
303
5.11.3
WHAT
DO
WE
KNOW
ABOUT
THE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
AND
AETIOLOGY
OF
TRANSSEXUALISM?
.
303
5.11.4
GENDER-SPECIFIC
VOICE
PERCEPTION
.
304
5.11.5
GENDER-SPECIFIC
VOICE
PRODUCTION
.
304
5.11.6
GENERAL
TREATMENT
OF
MALE-TO-FEMALE
TRANSGENDERS
.
305
5.11.7
GENDER-SPECIFIC
VOICE
FITTING
IN
MALE-TO-FEMALE
TRANSGENDERS
.
305
5.12
SPECIAL
ASPECTS
IN
FEMALE-TO-MALE
TRANSSEXUALS
.
308
5.12.1
TESTOSTERONE-INDUCED
VOICE
ALTERATION
IN
FEMALE-TO-MALE
TRANSSEXUAL
PERSONS
.
308
5.12.2
TASKS
OF
PHONIATRICIANS
IN
FEMALE-TO-MALE
TRANSSEXUALS
.
308
5.13
DYSPHONIA
IN
SYSTEMIC
DISEASES
.
309
5.13.1
LARYNGEAL
GRANULOMA
IN
REFLUX
DISEASE
.
309
5.13.2
SARCOIDOSIS
.
310
5.13.3
TUBERCULOUS
LARYNGITIS
.
311
5.13.4
RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
.
312
5.13.5
AMYLOIDOSIS
.
313
5.13.6
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
.
314
5.13.7
GRANULOMATOSIS
WITH
POLYANGIITIS
OF
THE
LARYNX
(WEGENER
*
S
GRANULOMATOSIS)
.
314
5.14
VOICE,
ENVIRONMENT
AND
ALLERGY
.
315
5.14.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
ALLERGIC
REACTIONS
.
315
5.14.2
ALLERGENS
AND
IRRITANTS
.
316
5.14.3
THE
ENVIRONMENT
.
316
5.14.4
AIR
POLLUTION
.
317
5.14.5
SIGNS
AND
SYMPTOMS
.
318
5.14.6
DIAGNOSTICS
.
319
5.14.7
EXAMINATION
OF
THE
UPPER
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
.
320
5.14.8
THERAPEUTIC
APPROACHES
.
320
5.14.9
CONCLUSION
.
322
5.15
VOICE
IN
THE
ELDERLY
.
323
5.15.1
DEFINITION
.
323
5.15.2
AETIOLOGY
.
323
5.15.3
DIAGNOSIS
.
324
5.15.4
TREATMENT
.
325
5.15.5
PROGNOSIS
.
325
5.16
VOICE
IN
CHILDHOOD
AND
ADOLESCENCE:
SPECIAL
CHALLENGES
.
326
5.16.1
INTRODUCTION
.
326
5.16.2
LANDMARKS
OF
VOICE
DEVELOPMENT
AND
NORMATIVE
VALUES
.
326
XVIII
CONTENTS
5.16.3
DEVELOPMENT
OF
VOCAL
PERFORMANCE
AND
QUALITY.
.
327
5.16.4
MEDICAL
HISTORY:
TYPICAL
SYMPTOMS
OF
DYSPHONIA
IN
CHILDHOOD
AND
ADOLESCENCE
.
327
5.16.5
ORGANIC
DIAGNOSTICS
OF
THE
VOCAL
APPARATUS
.
330
5.16.6
FUNCTIONAL
DIAGNOSTICS
.
331
5.16.7
SUPPLEMENTARY
DIAGNOSTIC
METHODS
.
331
5.16.8
RELEVANCE
FOR
THE
CLINICAL
ASSESSMENT
OF
SUITABILITY
FOR
INCREASED
VOCAL
ACTIVITIES
.
333
REFERENCES
.
333
6
DIAGNOSIS
AND
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
349
WOLFGANG
ANGERSTEIN,
GIOVANNA
BARACCA,
PHILIPPE
DEJONCKERE,
MATTHIAS
ECHTERNACH,
ULRICH
EYSHOLDT,
FRANCO
FUSSI,
AHMED
GENEID,
TAMAS
HACKI,
KATARZYNA
KARMELITA-KATULSKA,
RENATE
HAUBRICH,
FRANTISEK
SRAM,
JAN
G.
SVEC,
JITKA
VYDROVA,
AND
BOZENA
WISKIRSKA-WOZNICA
6.1
METHODS
OF
NON-INSTRUMENTAL
VOICE
EXAMINATION
AND
VOICE
SCREENING
.
350
6.1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
350
6.1.2
DIAGNOSTIC
INTERVIEW
.
350
6.1.3
PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
INCLUDING
RESPIRATION
AND
VELOPHARYNGEAL
COMPETENCE
.
351
6.1.4
EXAMINATION
OF
TYPES
OF
RESPIRATION
.
352
6.1.5
EXAMINATION
OF
VELOPHARYNGEAL
COMPETENCE
.
353
6.1.6
PERCEPTUAL
EVALUATION
OF
VOICE
QUALITY
.
354
6.1.7
ARTICULATION
.
356
6.1.8
SCREENING
METHODS
.
356
6.2
SELF-ADMINISTERED
QUESTIONNAIRES
FOR
THE
ASSESSMENT
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
IN
NORMAL
AND
PROFESSIONAL
USERS
.
357
6.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
357
6.2.2
LIST
OF
SELF-ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONNAIRES
UTILISED
IN
PRACTICE
.
358
6.2.3
QUESTIONNAIRES
FOR
SPECIAL
KINDS
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
360
6.2.4
SELF-ADMINISTERED
QUESTIONNAIRES
FOR
PROFESSIONAL
USERS
.
360
6.3
LARYNGOSCOPY,
STROBOSCOPY,
HIGH-SPEED
VIDEO
AND
PHONOVIBROGRAM
.
364
6.3.1
LIGHT
SOURCES
.
364
6.3.2
THE
ENDOSCOPE
.
365
6.3.3
INDIRECT
LARYNGOSCOPY
.
367
6.3.4
VISUALISATION
OF
VOCAL
FOLD
VIBRATION
.
369
6.3.5
DATA
COMPRESSION:
PHONOVIBROGRAM
(PVG)
.
371
6.4
TIPS
AND
TRICKS
FOR
LARYNGEAL
EXAMINATION:
A
HANDY
GUIDE
.
376
6.4.1
TALKING
WITH
THE
PATIENT
BEFORE
THE
EXAMINATION
.
376
6.4.2
CARRYING
OUT
THE
BASIC
EXAMINATION
.
376
CONTENTS
XIX
6.4.3
HAVING
A
BETTER
VIEW
.
377
6.4.4
OTHER
TRICKS
.
378
6.5
VIDEOKYMOGRAPHY
.
379
6.5.1
INTRODUCTION:
VIDEOKYMOGRAPHY
(VKG)
AND
KYMOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES
.
379
6.5.2
VKG
EQUIPMENT
AND
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE
.
380
6.5.3
NORMAL
VKG
FINDINGS
.
381
6.5.4
VKG
FEATURES
IN
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
381
6.5.5
CLINICAL
EXAMPLES
.
384
6.5.6
SUMMARY
.
386
6.6
STROBOSCOPIC
AND
KYMOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATIONS
OF
LIP
VIBRATIONS
IN
BRASS
MUSICIANS
.
387
6.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
387
6.6.2
OCCUPATION-SPECIFIC
DISEASES
.
388
6.6.3
METHODOLOGY
.
389
6.6.4
EXAMINATION
.
390
6.6.5
EVALUATION
.
390
6.6.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
395
6.7
INSTRUMENTAL
METHODS
FOR
ASSESSMENT
OF
LARYNGEAL
PHONATORY
FUNCTION
.
396
6.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
396
6.7.2
A
PREREQUISITE:
RECORDING
A
VOICE
SAMPLE
.
396
6.7.3
AERODYNAMICS
.
397
6.7.4
ACOUSTICS
.
399
6.7.5
ELECTROGLOTTOGRAPHY
.
402
6.7.6
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
.
403
6.8
VOICE
LOADING
TESTS
.
405
6.8.1
VOCAL
LOAD
CAPACITY
AND
VOCAL
LOADING
.
405
6.8.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
VOICE
PERFORMANCE
OR
VOCAL
LOADING
TN
VIVO
*
AND
THE
NECESSITY
FOR
VOCAL
LOAD
TESTING.
407
6.8.3
VOCAL
LOADING
TESTS
.
407
6.8.4
SYMPTOMS
OF
VOICE
STRAIN
.
408
6.8.5
SUMMARY
.
410
6.9
THE
USEFULNESS
OF
COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY
AND
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING
IN
INVESTIGATION
OF
THE
VOCAL
TRACT.
.
410
6.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
410
6.9.2
COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY
.
410
6.9.3
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING
.
412
6.9.4
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
IMAGING
.
413
6.10
ULTRASOUND
IN
PHONIATRICS
AND
SONOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATION
OF
THE
LARYNX
.
415
6.10.1
ULTRASOUND
IN
PHONIATRICS
.
415
6.10.2
ULTRASOUND
INVESTIGATIONS
OF
THE
LARYNX
.
416
6.10.3
PSEUDOGLOTTIS
OF
LARYNGECTOMISED
PATIENTS
.
419
6.10.4
CERVICAL
VENOUS
CONGESTION
IN
HYPERFUNCTIONAL
DYSPHONIA
.
420
REFERENCES
.
422
XX
CONTENTS
7
PREVENTION
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
431
TADEUS
NAWKA,
ANDRZEJ
OBREBOWSKI,
AND
ANTONI
PRUSZEWICZ
7.1
PREVENTION
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
431
7.1.1
CONSTITUTIONAL
LIMITS
.
431
7.1.2
BEHAVIOURAL
ASPECTS
.
431
7.1.3
DEVELOPMENTAL
ASPECTS
.
432
7.1.4
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS:
HARMFUL
AGENTS
.
432
7.1.5
PRINCIPAL
RULES
.
433
REFERENCES
.
433
8
REHABILITATION
AND
PROGNOSIS
OF
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
435
SEVTAP
AKBULUT,
JAN
BETKA,
VIKTOR
CHROBOK,
HANNA
CZERNIEJEWSKA-WOLSKA,
FELIX
DE
JONG,
LITER
DENIZOGLU,
AHMED
GENEID,
MEHMET
AKIF
KILIC,
NASSER
KOTBY,
JEAN-PAUL
MARIE,
SLAWOMIR
MARSZALEK,
ANDREAS
MULLER,
TADEUS
NAWKA,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
ARNO
OLTHOFF,
ANDERS
OVERGARD
JPNSSON,
METTE
PEDERSEN,
ANTONI
PRUSZEWICZ,
BARBORA
REPOVA,
JAN
ROMPORTL,
JOSEF
SCHLOMICHER-THIER,
BERIT
SCHNEIDER-STICKLER,
WOLFRAM
SEIDNER,
MATTHIAS
WEIKERT,
AND
B
OZENA
WISKIRSKA-WOZNICA
8.1
COORDINATION
OF
REHABILITATIVE
MEASURES
.
436
8.1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
436
8.1.2
SITUATIONS
THAT
MAY
NEED
AN
INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH
FOR
VOICE
REHABILITATION
.
436
8.2
FUNDAMENTALS,
GOALS
AND
STRUCTURE
OF
VOICE
THERAPY
.
438
8.2.1
APPLICATION
AND
ADMINISTRATION
OF
VOICE
THERAPY
.
.
438
8.2.2
INITIATION
AND
SUPERVISION
OF
VOICE
THERAPY
.
443
8.2.3
THE
PHONIATRICIAN
AS
A
VOICE
THERAPIST
.
445
8.2.4
FINAL
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
PATIENT
FOLLOWING
VOICE
THERAPY
GIVEN
BY
THE
LOGOPEDIST
OR
THE
PHONIATRICIAN
.
445
8.3
VOICE
THERAPY:
A
SURVEY
OF
METHODS
AND
TECHNIQUES
.
446
8.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
446
8.3.2
INDIRECT
VOICE
THERAPY
METHODS
.
448
8.3.3
DIRECT
VOICE
THERAPY
TECHNIQUES
.
452
8.3.4
SUMMARISING
COMMENT
.
462
8.4
NEUROMUSCULAR
ELECTROSTIMULATION
.
462
8.5
BASIC
INFORMATION
FOR
THE
CARE
AND
TREATMENT
OF
SINGERS
.
463
8.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
463
8.5.2
CLASSICAL
AND
NONCLASSICAL
SINGING
.
464
8.5.3
PHONIATRIC
FINDINGS
.
465
8.5.4
VOCAL
MEDICAL
HISTORY
.
465
8.5.5
LARYNGOSTROBOSCOPY
.
466
8.5.6
VOICE
ASSESSMENT
.
466
8.5.7
DYSODIA
.
466
8.5.8
VOICES
AT
DIFFERENT
AGES
.
467
8.5.9
EMERGENCY
TREATMENTS
FOR
SINGERS
.
467
CONTENTS
XXI
8.6
TO
SING
OR
NOT
TO
SING:
CANCELLATION
POLICY
AT
AN
INTERNATIONAL
OPERA
FESTIVAL
.
468
8.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
468
8.6.2
VOICE
PROBLEMS
.
468
8.6.3
EVALUATION
OF
PROFESSIONAL
SINGERS
AND
SPEAKERS
.
.
469
8.6.4
INTERPRETATION
.
469
8.6.5
CANCELLATION
POLICY:
WHAT
SHOULD
IT
ACHIEVE?
.
470
8.6.6
ABSOLUTE
INDICATIONS
FOR
CANCELLATION
.
471
8.6.7
RELATIVE
INDICATIONS
OF
A
POSSIBLE
CANCELLATION,
PERHAPS
WITH
ALTERATION
OF
PERFORMANCE
.
472
8.6.8
RESPONSIBILITY
OF
VOCAL
AND
PERFORMING
ARTS
MEDICINE
IN
THE
OPERA
AND
STAGE
.
473
8.7
INITIATION
OF
PHYSIOTHERAPY/OSTEOPATHY
.
473
8.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
473
8.7.2
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC
AND
OSTEOPATHIC
DIAGNOSIS
IN
PATIENTS
WITH
VOICE
DISORDERS
.
474
8.7.3
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC
AND
OSTEOPATHIC
THERAPY
OF
THE
VOCAL
ORGAN
.
476
8.7.4
BASIC
TENETS
OF
THERAPY
FOR
PEOPLE
WITH
VOICE
DISORDERS
RESULTING
FROM
ONCOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
.
.
.
478
8.8
DRUG
TREATMENT
IN
DYSPHONIA:
MEDICATIONS
AND
VOICE
.
478
8.8.1
DRUG
TREATMENT
IN
DYSPHONIA
.
478
8.8.2
SIDE
EFFECTS
OF
MEDICATIONS
ON
THE
VOICE
.
482
8.9
TREATMENT
OF
BENIGN
LESIONS
OF
THE
LARYNX
.
484
8.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
484
8.9.2
BEHAVIOURAL
AND
VOICE
THERAPY
.
485
8.9.3
PHARMACOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
.
485
8.9.4
SURGICAL
TREATMENT
.
485
8.9.5
FUTURE
ASPECTS
.
485
8.10
PHONOSURGERY
.
486
8.10.1
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
PHONOSURGERY
.
486
8.10.2
PHONOSURGICAL
PROCEDURES
.
487
8.11
PACING
IN
BILATERAL
VOCAL
FOLD
PALSIES
.
496
8.12
REINNERVATION
IN
BILATERAL
VOCAL
FOLD
PALSIES
.
498
8.13
REHABILITATION
AFTER
HEAD
AND
NECK
SURGERY
.
502
8.13.1
INTRODUCTION
.
502
8.13.2
VOICE
AND
SPEECH
REHABILITATION
AFTER
TOTAL
LARYNGECTOMY
.
502
8.13.3
REHABILITATION
AFTER
PARTIAL
LARYNGECTOMY
(LARYNX
PRESERVATION
SURGERY)
.
506
8.13.4
REHABILITATIVE
ASPECTS
AFTER
HEAD
AND
NECK
SURGERY
.
509
8.13.5
REHABILITATION
OF
OROPHARYNGEAL
SWALLOWING
DISORDERS
AFTER
HEAD
AND
NECK
SURGERY
.
509
8.13.6
QUALITY
OF
LIFE
IN
PATIENTS
AFTER
HEAD
AND
NECK
SURGERY
.
510
XXII
8.14
VOCAL
REHABILITATION
OF
LARYNGECTOMISED
PATIENTS
BY
PERSONALISED
COMPUTER
SPEECH
SYNTHESIS
.
511
8.14.1
INTRODUCTION
.
511
8.14.2
TEXT-TO-SPEECH
SYNTHESIS
.
511
8.14.3
SPEAKER
MODELLING
.
512
8.14.4
CURRENT
IMPLEMENTATIONS
OF
VOICE
BANKING
.
513
8.14.5
USAGE
SCENARIOS
.
515
8.15
INDICATIONS
FOR
TRACHEOSTOMY
AND
TRACHEOSTOMA
CARE
.
516
8.15.1
BACKGROUND
.
516
8.15.2
DEFINITION
TRACHEO(S)TOMY
.
516
8.15.3
INDICATIONS
.
517
8.15.4
TYPES
OF
TRACHEOSTOMY
.
517
8.15.5
EARLY
VERSUS
LATE
TRACHEOSTOMY
.
519
8.15.6
TRACHEAL
TUBE
.
520
8.15.7
CARE
OF
TRACHEOSTOMISED
PATIENTS
.
521
8.15.8
COMPLICATIONS
AFTER
TRACHEOSTOMY
.
521
8.15.9
REHABILITATION
PROCESS
AND
DECANNULATION
.
523
8.16
PROGNOSIS
OF
VOICE
REHABILITATION
.
523
8.16.1
INTRODUCTION
.
523
8.16.2
INTERNAL
FACTORS
.
523
8.16.3
EXTERNAL
FACTORS
.
527
REFERENCES
.
528
PART
III
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
9
BASICS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE.
.
539
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
DORIS-MARIA
DENK-LINNERT,
MONA
HEGAZI,
ANNEROSE
KEILMANN,
CHRISTIANE
KIESE-HIMMEL,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
SABRINA
REGELE,
RAINER
SCHONWEILER,
AND
EVA
SEEMANOVA
9.1
DEFINITION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
(DDSL)
.
540
9.2
PSYCHOMOTOR
AND
COGNITIVE
STAGES
OF
NORMAL
CHILDREN
AT
DIFFERENT
AGES
.
541
9.2.1
PSYCHOMOTOR
DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES
.
541
9.2.2
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
STAGES
.
541
9.3
LANGUAGE
STAGES
OF
NORMAL
CHILDREN
AT DIFFERENT
AGES
.
.
.
543
9.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
543
9.3.2
PREVERBAL
PHASE
(FIRST
YEAR)
.
544
9.3.3
VERBAL
PHASE
(FROM
1
YEAR
ONWARDS)
.
546
9.3.4
NORMAL
SPEECH
DISFLUENCIES
DURING
SPEECH-LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
548
9.4
STAGES
OF
AUDITORY
DEVELOPMENT
IN
CHILDREN
WITH
NORMAL
HEARING
.
549
9.5
MULTILINGUAL
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
.
550
9.5.1
DEFINITION
OF
MULTILINGUALISM
.
550
9.5.2
TYPES
OF
MULTILINGUALISM
.
550
CONTENTS
XXIII
9.5.3
POPULATIONS
EXPOSED
TO
MULTILINGUALISM
.
550
9.5.4
BILINGUAL
LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
IN
TYPICALLY
DEVELOPING
CHILDREN
.
551
9.5.5
IMPACT
OF
BILINGUALISM
ON
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
AND
LANGUAGE
COMPETENCE
.
551
9.5.6
ISSUES
WITH
ASSESSMENT
AND
EVALUATION
.
552
9.5.7
MANAGEMENT
ISSUES
.
552
9.6
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
553
9.6.1
OBJECTIVE
.
553
9.6.2
PREVALENCE
OF
LATE
TALKING
AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
553
9.7
SYMPTOMATIC
PROFILE
OF
SPECIFIC
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
556
9.7.1
EARLY
AND
CORE
LANGUAGE
SYMPTOMS
OF
SPECIFIC
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
556
9.7.2
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSES
AND
ASSOCIATED
DISORDERS
.
558
9.7.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
(SOCIOGENIC)
LANGUAGE
ABNORMALITIES
.
560
9.7.4
DEVELOPMENTAL
LANGUAGE
DELAY/LATE
TALKERS
.
561
9.8
AETIOLOGY
AND
PATHOGENESIS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
561
9.8.1
INTRODUCTION
.
561
9.8.2
AETIOLOGY
OF
SPECIFIC
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
(SDDSL)
.
562
9.8.3
AETIOLOGY
OF
OTHER
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
ASSOCIATED
WITH
LANGUAGE-RELEVANT
COMORBIDITIES
(DDSLC
OR
NON-SPECIFIC
DDSL)
.
563
9.9
GENETICS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
570
9.10
SYNDROMES
ASSOCIATED
WITH
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
573
REFERENCES
.
595
10
SPECIAL
KINDS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
607
ULRIKE
BECKER-REDDING,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
AND
RAINER
SCHONWEILER
10.1
SUBTYPES
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
607
10.1.1
TERMINOLOGY
OF
SUBTYPES
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
607
10.1.2
CHANGES
IN
PREVALENCE
REPORTS
.
608
10.1.3
TYPES
OF
COMORBID
CONDITIONS
.
608
10.1.4
SUBTYPES
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
AT
DIFFERENT
AGES
. . .
610
XXIV
CONTENTS
10.1.5
COMORBID
CONDITIONS,
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSES
AND
ADVERSE
SOCIAL
CONDITIONS
.
610
10.2
DEVELOPMENTAL
VERBAL
DYSPRAXIA
.
612
10.2.1
DEFINITION
.
612
10.2.2
TERMINOLOGY
.
612
10.2.3
PREVALENCE
.
612
10.2.4
SYMPTOMS
OF
CHILDHOOD
APRAXIA
OF
SPEECH
.
613
10.2.5
ASSESSMENT
.
615
10.2.6
TREATMENT
.
615
REFERENCES
.
616
11
DIAGNOSIS
AND
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
619
TAHANY
ABDEL
KARIM
ELSAYED,
WOLFGANG
ANGERSTEIN,
MARIA BIELSA
CORROCHANO,
DIRK
DEUSTER,
ANDREA JOE
EMBACHER,
UTA
HANNING,
MONA
HEGAZI,
CHRISTIANE
KIESE-HIMMEL,
BEN
A.
M.
MAASSEN,
BARBARA
MACIEJEWSKA,
ANA
MARTINEZ
ARELLANO,
PETER
MATULAT,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
THOMAS
NIEDERSTADT,
KAREN
REICHMUTH,
JOCHEN
ROSENFELD,
RAINER
SCHONWEILER,
MELANIE
VAUTH,
ADAM
P.
VOGEL,
AND
DAGMAR
WEISE
11.1
DIAGNOSTIC
INTERVIEW
WITH
PARENTS
.
620
11.2
QUESTIONNAIRES
ON
CHILD
DEVELOPMENT
.
624
11.2.1
DEFINITION
.
624
11.2.2
CONSTRUCTION
PRINCIPLES
.
624
11.2.3
QUALITY
CRITERIA
.
625
11.2.4
LIMITATIONS
.
625
11.2.5
IMPLICATIONS
.
625
11.3
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
DEVELOPMENTAL
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
STATUS
OF
CHILDREN
.
626
11.3.1
NORMAL
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT:
THE
CONCEPT
OF
MILESTONES
AND
BORDER
STONES
.
626
11.3.2
DIAGNOSTICS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
626
11.4
ORAL-MOTOR
EXAMINATION
PROTOCOL
.
640
11.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
640
11.4.2
CLINICAL
HISTORY
.
641
11.4.3
TEST
INSTRUMENTS
AND
MATERIALS
.
641
11.4.4
INSPECTION
OF
THE
OROFACIAL
STRUCTURE
AND
MUSCLE
TONE
AT
REST
.
642
11.4.5
EXAMINATION
OF
FUNCTIONALITY
.
642
11.4.6
INTERPRETATION
.
643
11.5
ASSESSMENT
OF
SPEECH
SOUND
DEVELOPMENT
.
645
11.5.1
SPEECH
SOUND
DISORDERS
(SSDS)
IN
CHILDREN
.
645
11.5.2
ABOUT
SPEECH
SOUNDS:
LINGUISTIC
FUNDAMENTALS
FOR
ASSESSMENT
.
647
11.5.3
CONSIDERING
THE
FRAMEWORK
FOR
ASSESSING
SPEECH
SOUND
DEVELOPMENT
.
648
11.5.4
CROSS-LINGUISTIC
FEATURES
IN
NORMAL
SPEECH
SOUND
ACQUISITION
.
650
11.5.5
ASSESSMENT
PROCEDURE
OF
SPEECH
SOUND
DISORDERS.
650
CONTENTS
XXV
11.6
OBJECTIVE
SPEECH
MOTOR
ANALYSIS
IN
CHILDREN
.
656
11.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
656
11.6.2
PROCESS-ORIENTATED
APPROACH
.
656
11.6.3
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.
660
11.7
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
COGNITIVE
AND
GENERAL
DEVELOPMENTAL
STATUS
OF
CHILDREN
.
661
11.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
661
11.7.2
TYPES
OF
DIAGNOSTIC
ASSESSMENT
APPROACH
.
661
11.7.3
PRC-ASSESSMENT
INFORMATION
.
661
11.7.4
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
FOR PSYCHOMETRIC
PROCEDURES
IN
THE
CLINICAL
SETTING
.
662
11.7.5
AIM
OF
PSYCHOMETRIC
PROCEDURES
.
662
11.7.6
SELECTED
EXAMPLES
OF
ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
.
663
11.7.7
ASSESSMENT
RESULTS
.
665
11.7.8
FORWARD
LOOK
.
665
11.8
ASSESSMENT
OF
EMOTION,
BEHAVIOUR
AND
ATTENTION
IN
LANGUAGE
DISORDERS
.
666
11.8.1
INTRODUCTION
.
666
11.8.2
ATTENTION
DISORDERS
AND
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
666
11.8.3
BEHAVIOUR-DRIVEN
DIAGNOSIS
OF
ATTENTION
DISORDERS
.
667
11.8.4
THEORY-DRIVEN
DIAGNOSIS
OF
ATTENTION
DISORDERS
.
668
11.8.5
EMOTIONAL
AND
BEHAVIOURAL
PROBLEMS
AND
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
669
11.9
NEUROLOGICAL
EXAMINATION
OF
CHILDREN:
BASICS
.
669
11.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
670
11.9.2
CLINICAL
HISTORY
WITH
RESPECT
TO
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
.
670
11.9.3
GENERAL
PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
.
670
11.9.4
DETAILED
NEUROLOGICAL
EXAMINATION
.
670
11.10
DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES
AND
ASSESSMENT
OF
TACTILE
AND
KINAESTHETIC
PERCEPTION
.
684
11.10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
684
11.10.2
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
SOMATOSENSORY
SENSATION
.
685
11.10.3
TACTILE
AND
HAPTIC
PERCEPTION
.
688
11.10.4
THE
KINAESTHETIC
(PROPRIOCEPTIVE)
MODALITY
.
689
11.10.5
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SOMATOSENSORY
MODALITIES
.
690
11.10.6
ASSESSMENT
AND
EVALUATION
TOOLS
OF
TACTILE-
KINAESTHETIC
PERCEPTION
IN
CHILDREN
.
691
11.10.7
AT
A
GLANCE
.
693
11.11
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
RESULTS
OF
LOGOPEDIC/
SPEECH-LANGUAGE
PATHOLOGIST
EXAMINATIONS
.
693
11.11.1
USING
STANDARDIZED
TEST
PROCEDURES
IN
THE
EXAMINATION
OF
LINGUISTIC
LEVELS
.
693
11.11.2
INTERPRETATION
AND
PREREQUISITES
FOR
THE
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
RESULTS
OF
LOGOPEDIC/
SLP
EXAMINATIONS
.
693
XXVI
CONTENTS
11.12
LABORATORY
EXAMINATIONS
OF
DEVELOPMENTALLY
DELAYED
CHILDREN
.
694
11.13
OBJECTIVE
ANALYSIS
BY
CORTICAL
POTENTIALS,
BASICS
ON
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
(EEG)
.
694
11.14
CLINICAL
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
.
694
11.15
SONOGRAPHY
OF
THE
TONGUE
DURING
ARTICULATION
.
694
11.15.1
INTRODUCTION
.
694
11.15.2
EXAMINATION
METHODS
.
694
11.15.3
POSSIBLE
DIAGNOSTIC
APPLICATIONS
.
696
11.15.4
VISUAL
BIOFEEDBACK
FOR
SPEECH
REHABILITATION
AND
BRASS
INSTRUMENT
TRAINING
.
697
11.16
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING
OF
THE
BRAIN
.
698
11.16.1
INTRODUCTION
.
698
11.16.2
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
OF
MRI
.
699
11.16.3
ADVANTAGES
AND
CHALLENGES
OF
MRI
.
699
11.16.4
VARIETIES
OF
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGES
.
699
REFERENCES
.
702
12
PREVENTION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
713
MONA
HEGAZI,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
AND
JOCHEN
ROSENFELD
12.1
EARLY
IDENTIFICATION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
713
12.1.1
WHY
IS
EARLY
IDENTIFICATION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
DESIRABLE?
.
713
12.1.2
REQUIREMENTS
.
714
12.1.3
RISKS
.
715
12.1.4
METHODS
.
716
12.1.5
IMPLICATIONS
.
716
12.2
STIMULATION
OF
CHILD
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
716
12.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
716
12.2.2
BIOLOGICAL
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
STIMULATION
OF
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
717
12.2.3
RISK
FACTORS
FOR DELAYED
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
718
12.2.4
OTHER
POTENTIALLY
ADVERSE
FACTORS
THAT
MAY
INFLUENCE
CHILD
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
719
12.2.5
LANGUAGE-STIMULATING
FAMILY
INTERVENTIONS
.
719
12.2.6
EFFICACY
OF
HOME
INTERVENTION
BY
FAMILIES
.
720
12.2.7
TIPS
FOR
PARENTS
OR
CAREGIVERS
WHEN
TALKING
TO
A
CHILD
.
720
12.3
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
721
12.4
DIAGNOSTICS
OF
HEARING
IMPAIRMENTS
.
721
REFERENCES
.
722
CONTENTS
XXVII
13
REHABILITATION
AND
PROGNOSIS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
725
KARINA
DANCZA,
DIRK
DEUSTER,
MONA
HEGAZI,
CHRISTIANE
KIESE-HIMMEL,
CLAUDIA
KOCH-GIINNEWIG,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
KAREN
REICHMUTH,
AMELIE
ELISABETH
TILLMANNS,
AND
SHARON
TUPPENY
13.1
BASICS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
725
13.2
ROLE
OF
THE
PHONIATRICIAN
IN
THE
INTERVENTION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
725
13.2.1
PREDISPOSITIONS
.
725
13.2.2
PHONIATRIC
MANAGEMENT
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
726
13.2.3
INTEGRATED
APPROACH
.
729
13.3
PHYSIOTHERAPY
FOR
CHILDREN
WITH
NEUROMOTOR
OR
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISEASES
AND
ASSOCIATED
COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
.
729
13.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
729
13.3.2
VOJTA
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
730
13.3.3
BOBATH
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
731
13.3.4
CASTILLO
MORALES
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
731
13.3.5
PSYCHOMOTOR
THERAPY
IN
CHILDREN
.
732
13.4
OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY
.
732
13.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
732
13.4.2
OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY
ASSESSMENT
AND
IN-CONTEXT
OBSERVATIONS
.
733
13.4.3
INTERVENTION
APPROACHES
.
733
13.5
PRINCIPLES
OF
AUGMENTATIVE
COMMUNICATION
METHODS
.
734
13.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
734
13.5.2
WHEN
IS
AAC
INDICATED
IN
CHILDREN
WITH
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
(DDSL)
AND
HEARING
DISORDERS?
.
.
735
13.5.3
CLASSIFICATION
OF
AAC
MODES
.
735
13.5.4
EVIDENCE
OF
ACC
INTERVENTION
.
736
13.5.5
SELECTION
AND
ORGANISATION
OF
A
VOCABULARY
FOR
AAC
INTERVENTION
.
739
13.5.6
AIMS
OF
AAC
INTERVENTION
.
742
13.6
PRINCIPLES
OF
COMPUTERISED
REHABILITATION
.
742
13.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
742
13.6.2
*
FAST
FORWORD
*
(FEW)
.
742
13.6.3
*
MY
SENTENCE
BUILDER
*
(MSB)
TO
TRAIN
EXPRESSIVE
GRAMMAR
.
743
13.6.4
*
EAROBICS
*
AND
OTHER
AUDITORY
TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
.
743
13.6.5
*
COGMED
WORKING
MEMORY
TRAINING
*
(CWMT)
.
744
13.6.6
RESUME
AND
PERSPECTIVES
.
744
XXVIII
13.7
PROGNOSIS
.
745
13.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
745
13.7.2
LATE
TALKING/DEVELOPMENTAL
LANGUAGE
DELAY
IN
THE
ABSENCE
OF
OTHER
DEVELOPMENTAL
PROBLEMS
.
745
13.7.3
SPECIFIC
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
(SDDSL)
.
745
13.7.4
CHILDHOOD
DYSPHASIA
WITH
LANDAU-KLEFFNER
SYNDROME
.
746
13.7.5
OTHER
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
OF
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
.
746
REFERENCES
.
746
PART
IV
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
14
BASICS
OF
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
.
751
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
WENDY
ALBUQUERQUE,
HANNO
J.
BOLZ,
STEFFI
JOHANNA
BROCKMEIER,
THORSTEN
LANGER,
RADHA
NARAYAN,
ROSS
PARFITT,
SIMONA
POISSON-MARKOVA,
EWA
RAGLAN,
SABRINA
REGELE,
RAINER
SCHONWEILER,
PAVEL
SEEMAN,
EVA
SEEMANOVA,
AMELIE
TILLMANNS,
AND
OLIVER
ZOLK
14.1
DEFINITION
OF
HEARING
LOSS
AND
AUDIOLOGICAL
GRADING
SCALES
.
752
14.2
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF
HEARING
DISORDERS
IN
CHILDREN
.
752
14.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
752
14.2.2
PREVALENCE
OF
CHILDHOOD
HEARING
LOSS
AND
CASE
DEFINITION
.
755
14.2.3
NORMAL
HEARING
IN
CHILDREN
.
756
14.3
NORMAL
DEVELOPMENT
STAGES
OF
HEARING
AND
AUDITORY
PROCESSING
.
757
14.4
NORMAL
DEVELOPMENT
OF
BEHAVIOURAL
RESPONSES
TO
SOUND
IN
CHILDREN
.
765
14.5
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
NORMAL-HEARING
AND
HEARING-IMPAIRED
CHILDREN
.
766
14.5.1
LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
.
766
14.5.2
SIGN
LANGUAGE
.
766
14.5.3
CONDUCTIVE
HEARING
LOSS
.
767
14.5.4
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
IN
SUBGROUPS
OF
SENSORINEURAL
HEARING
LOSS
.
767
14.5.5
OUTCOMES
AFTER
INTERVENTIONS
FOR
SENSORINEURAL
HEARING
LOSS
.
769
14.6
PSYCHOMOTOR
AND
COGNITIVE
STAGES
OF
NORMAL
CHILDREN
OF
DIFFERENT
AGES
.
769
CONTENTS
XXIX
14.7
AETIOLOGY
OF
HEARING
DISORDERS
AND
THE
LIKELIHOOD
OF
INVOLVEMENT
OF
OTHER
SYSTEMS
.
769
14.7.1
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
PERMANENT
CHILDHOOD
HEARING
IMPAIRMENT
.
769
14.7.2
ADDITIONAL
DISABILITIES
.
771
14.7.3
MEDICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
FOR
CLARIFICATION
OF
AETIOLOGY
.
771
14.7.4
TIMING
OF
INVESTIGATIONS
.
771
14.7.5
HISTORY
.
772
14.7.6
CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
.
772
14.7.7
FAMILY
AUDIOGRAMS
.
772
14.7.8
CONSULTATIVE
EXAMINATIONS
.
772
14.7.9
SEROLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
.
773
14.7.10
IMAGING
.
773
14.7.11
VESTIBULAR
INVESTIGATIONS
.
773
14.8
INFECTION
WITH
NEUROTROPIC
VIRUSES
.
774
14.8.1
DEFINITION
AND
CLASSIFICATION
.
774
14.8.2
DIAGNOSTICS/AUDIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
.
779
14.8.3
THERAPY/REHABILITATION
.
779
14.8.4
PREVENTION
.
779
14.9
OTOTOXICITY
IN
CHILDREN
.
779
14.9.1
ANTICANCER
DRUGS
.
779
14.9.2
ANTI-INFECTIVE
AGENTS
.
780
14.9.3
LOOP
DIURETICS
.
781
14.9.4
OTOTOPICAL
MEDICATIONS
.
781
14.9.5
AUDIOLOGICAL
DIAGNOSTICS
.
782
14.9.6
AUDIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
.
782
14.9.7
AUDIOLOGICAL
POST-THERAPEUTIC
FOLLOW-UP
.
784
14.9.8
THERAPY
AND
PREVENTION
.
784
14.10
GENETICS
OF
HEARING
LOSS
.
785
14.11
SYNDROMES
ASSOCIATED
WITH
HEARING
IMPAIRMENT
.
786
REFERENCES
.
820
15
SPECIAL
KINDS
OF
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
.
837
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
DORIS-EVA
BAMIOU,
NICOLE
G.
CAMPBELL,
DAVID
R.
MOORE,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
ROSS
PARFITT,
MUSTAFA
ASIM
SAFAK,
CLAUS-MICHAEL
SCHMIDT,
TONY
SIRIMANNA,
AMELIE
ELISABETH
TILLMANNS,
AND
DOROTHE
VERAGUTH
15.1
TYPES
AND
TIME
COURSES
OF
HEARING
LOSS
.
837
15.1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
837
15.1.2
CONDUCTIVE
HEARING
LOSS
.
838
15.1.3
SENSORINEURAL
HEARING
LOSS
.
840
15.1.4
COMBINED
SENSORINEURAL
AND
CONDUCTIVE
HEARING
LOSS
.
841
XXX
15.1.5
AUDITORY
NEUROPATHY/AUDITORY
DYSSYNCHRONY/
AUDITORY
NEUROPATHY
SPECTRUM
DISORDER
.
841
15.1.6
CENTRAL
HEARING
DISORDERS
.
842
15.1.7
PROGRESSIVE,
FLUCTUATING
AND
SUDDEN
HEARING
LOSS
.
843
15.2
AUDITORY
PROCESSING
DISORDERS
.
843
15.3
HYPERACUSIS
.
846
15.3.1
DEFINITION
AND
EPIDEMIOLOGY
.
846
15.3.2
MECHANISMS
.
846
15.3.3
ASSESSMENT
.
847
15.3.4
TREATMENT
.
848
15.4
TINNITUS
.
849
15.5
NON-ORGANIC
(FUNCTIONAL)
HEARING
LOSS
.
851
REFERENCES
.
852
16
DIAGNOSIS
AND
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
OF
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
.
857
AHMET
ATAS,
SONGUL
AKSOY,
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
DORIS-EVA
BAMIOU,
SYLVA
BARTEL-FRIEDRICH,
CLAIRE
BENTON,
HANNO
J.
BOLZ,
NICOLE
G.
CAMPBELL,
FRANS
CONINX,
MARTINE
DE
SMIT,
JAKUB
DRSATA,
MONA
HEGAZI,
ARMAGAN
INCESULU,
KRISTIN
KERKHOFS,
ARNE
KNIEF,
SABRINA
KOSLING,
JILL
MASSEY,
PETER
MATULAT,
DAVID
R.
MOORE,
DIRK
MIIRBE,
KATRIN
NEUMANN,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
LEVENT
N.
OZLUOGLU,
WAHEEDA
PAGARKAR,
ROSS
PARFITT,
SIMONA
POISSON-MARKOVA,
EWA
RAGLAN,
CHARLOTTE
ROGERS,
MUSTAFA
ASIM
SAFAK,
PAVEL
SEEMAN,
EVA
SECMANOVA,
TONY
SIRIMANNA,
PIOTR
SWIDZINSKI,
MONIKA
TIGGES,
AND
THOMAS
WIESNER
16.1
DIAGNOSTIC
INTERVIEW,
RECORDING
OF
FAMILY
TREE
AND CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
.
858
16.1.1
DIAGNOSTIC
INTERVIEW
.
858
16.1.2
FAMILY
HISTORY
AND
RECORDING
OF
FAMILY
TREE
.
859
16.1.3
CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
.
859
16.2
BASICS
OF
TECHNICAL
STANDARDS
AND
CALIBRATION
.
861
16.3
PURE-TONE
AUDIOMETRY
.
862
16.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
862
16.3.2
RESOURCES
.
862
16.3.3
KEY
PRINCIPLES
OF
PTA
.
863
16.3.4
TEST
PROCEDURE
.
863
16.3.5
RECORDING
THE
RESULTS
OF
PTA
.
866
16.3.6
LIMITATIONS
OF
PTA
.
867
16.3.7
LOUDNESS
TESTS
.
868
16.3.8
DEAD-REGION
TESTING
.
869
16.4
PAEDIATRIC
BEHAVIOURAL
AUDIOMETRY
(0-6
YEARS)
.
869
16.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
869
16.4.2
BEHAVIOURAL
OBSERVATION
AUDIOMETRY
(BOA):
0-5
MONTHS
.
870
16.4.3
VISUAL
REINFORCEMENT
AUDIOMETRY
(VRA):
5-24
MONTHS
.
873
CONTENTS
XXXI
16.4.4
CONDITIONED
PLAY
AUDIOMETRY
(CPA):
2-5
YEARS
.
875
16.4.5
HARD-TO-TEST
POPULATIONS
.
877
16.5
ASSESSMENT
OF
TINNITUS:
A
SPECIALIST
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
PERSPECTIVE
.
877
16.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
877
16.5.2
MEDICAL
HISTORY
.
877
16.5.3
CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
.
877
16.5.4
AUDIOLOGICAL
EXAMINATION
.
878
16.5.5
OTHER
INVESTIGATIONS
.
879
16.6
ASSESSMENT
OF
TINNITUS
IN
CHILDREN
AND
TEENAGERS:
A
SPECIALIST
PAEDIATRIC
AUDIOLOGY
AND
HEARING
THERAPY
PERSPECTIVE
.
879
16.7
SPEECH
AUDIOMETRY
AT
THE
PHONEME
AND
WORD
LEVEL
.
880
16.7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
880
16.7.2
PHONEME/SYLLABLE
LEVEL
.
880
16.7.3
WORD
LEVEL
.
881
16.8
AUDITORY
PROCESSING
TESTS
.
882
16.8.1
DIAGNOSIS
.
882
16.8.2
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
.
883
16.8.3
OCCURRENCE
OF
APD
(NOT
ADP
!)
WITH
OTHER
LEARNING
PROBLEMS
.
884
16.8.4
HOW
SHOULD
APD
BE
DIAGNOSED?
.
884
16.8.5
CURRENT
SITUATION
AND
WAY
FORWARD
.
884
16.9
ACOUSTIC
IMMITTANCE
MEASUREMENTS
.
885
16.9.1
INTRODUCTION
.
885
16.9.2
TYMPANOMETRY
.
887
16.9.3
ACOUSTIC
REFLEX
TESTING
.
889
16.10
OTOACOUSTIC
EMISSIONS
.
891
16.10.1
NATURE
AND
HISTORY
OF
OTOACOUSTIC
EMISSIONS.
.
891
16.10.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
OAES
.
891
16.10.3
SPONTANEOUS
OAES
.
892
16.10.4
TRANSIENT-EVOKED
OAES
.
892
16.10.5
DISTORTION
PRODUCT
OAES
.
893
16.10.6
OTHER
APPLICATIONS
OF
OAES
.
894
16.11
EVOKED
RESPONSE
AUDIOMETRY
.
894
16.11.1
IMPACT
OF
EVOKED
RESPONSE
AUDIOMETRY
ON
OBJECTIVE
THRESHOLD
AUDIOMETRY
.
894
16.11.2
BROADBAND
AND
FREQUENCY-SPECIFIC
ABR
.
894
16.11.3
AUDITORY
STEADY-STATE
RESPONSES
.
896
16.11.4
CORTICAL
ERA
.
896
16.11.5
SPECIFIC
ISSUES
OF
ERA
.
896
16.12
INDICATION
AND
INTERPRETATION
OF
AUDITORY
STEADY-STATE
RESPONSES
.
899
16.12.1
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
AUDITORY
STEADY-STATE
RESPONSES
(ASSR)
.
899
16.12.2
AIM
OF
THE
ASSR
PRODUCTION
.
899
16.12.3
INDICATION
AND
INTERPRETATION
OF
ASSR.
.
901
XXXII
CONTENTS
16.13
PROMONTORY
TEST
.
901
16.14
ELECTRO-AUDIOMETRY
.
902
16.15
BALANCE/VESTIBULAR
ASSESSMENT
IN
CHILDREN
.
903
16.15.1
DEVELOPMENTAL
BALANCE
ASSESSMENT
IN
CHILDREN:
DEVELOPMENT
OF
BALANCE,
HISTORY
AND
OBSERVATION
.
903
16.15.2
TESTS
FOR
POSTURE/VESTIBULOSPINAL
REFLEX
.
904
16.15.3
TESTS
FOR
EYE
MOVEMENTS
AND
VOR
.
904
16.15.4
TESTS
FOR NEONATAL
REFLEXES
.
905
16.15.5
OTHER
TESTS:
DIX-HALLPIKE
POSITIONAL
TEST
.
905
16.15.6
VESTIBULAR
INVESTIGATIONS
.
905
16.16
EVALUATION
OF
SPEECH
COMMUNICATION
IN
HEARING-IMPAIRED
CHILDREN
.
907
16.16.1
INTRODUCTION:
RELATION
OF
HEARING,
LANGUAGE
AND
SPEECH
.
907
16.16.2
EVALUATION
OF
COMMUNICATION
MODE
.
908
16.16.3
EVALUATION
OF
NASALITY
AND
VOICE
FUNCTION
.
908
16.16.4
EVALUATION
OF
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
.
910
16.16.5
EVALUATION
OF
RECEPTIVE
LANGUAGE/
COMPREHENSION WITH/WITHOUT
LIP
READING,
NARRATIVE
SKILLS,
SUPRALINGUISTIC
SKILLS,
EVALUATION
OF
EXPRESSIVE
LANGUAGE
WITH
PHONETIC,
PHONOLOGICAL
LEVELS,
SEMANTIC
LEVELS,
WORKING
MEMORY
AND
WORD
FINDING,
MORPHOLOGICAL,
SYNTACTIC
LEVELS,
PROSODY,
INTELLIGIBILITY
AND
PRAGMATICS
.
911
16.16.6
EVALUATION
OF
AUDITORY
PERCEPTION
SKILLS
.
916
16.16.7
EVALUATION
OF
VISUAL
PERCEPTION
SKILLS
.
917
16.16.8
EVALUATION
OF
PHONOLOGICAL
AWARENESS,
READING,
WRITING
(DETAILS
SEE
VOLUME
2,
PART
III)
.
917
16.17
OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY
EXAMINATIONS
.
919
16.17.1
OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY:
DEFINITION
AND
SPECIAL
NEEDS
IN
HEARING-IMPAIRED
CHILDREN
.
919
16.17.2
EVALUATION
.
919
16.17.3
INTERVENTION
.
920
16.17.4
CONCLUSION
.
920
16.18
EVALUATION
OF
GENERAL
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGE.
.
921
16.19
CHILD
PSYCHOLOGICAL
EXAMINATIONS
INCLUDING
TESTS
TO
RULE
OUT
ATTENTION
DEFICIT
DISORDERS
.
921
16.20
AETIOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT
AFTER
THE
DIAGNOSIS
OF
A
PERMANENT
HEARING
LOSS
.
921
16.20.1
INTRODUCTION
.
921
16.20.2
PROPOSAL
FOR
A
STEPWISE
AETIOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT
PROCESS
.
921
CONTENTS
XXXIII
16.21
DIAGNOSTIC
RADIOLOGY
.
926
16.21.1
EAR
MALFORMATIONS
.
926
16.21.2
PAEDIATRIC
TEMPORAL
BONE
TUMOURS
AND
TUMOUR-LIKE
LESIONS
.
935
16.21.3
IMAGING
IN
CANDIDATES
FOR COCHLEAR
IMPLANTATION
.
936
16.22
GENETIC
TESTING
.
938
16.23
SPECIAL
DIAGNOSTIC
NEEDS
OF
CHILDREN
WITH
MULTIPLE
HANDICAPS:
GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
.
938
16.23.1
DEFINITION
OF
DISABILITY
.
938
16.23.2
PREVALENCE
OF
DISABILITIES
.
939
16.23.3
THE
DIAGNOSTIC
CHALLENGE
.
940
16.23.4
EVALUATION
OF
COGNITIVE,
SOCIAL
AND
BEHAVIOURAL
FUNCTIONING
.
941
16.23.5
VISUAL
ASSESSMENT
.
942
16.23.6
COMMUNICATIVE
ASSESSMENT
.
942
16.24
HEARING
TESTS
FOR
INTELLECTUALLY
AND
MULTIPLY
HANDICAPPED
CHILDREN
.
943
16.25
MANAGEMENT
OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SEQUELAE
FOR
PARENTS
AFTER
DIAGNOSIS
.
947
16.25.1
PARENTAL
REACTIONS
AND
COPING
.
947
16.25.2
COUNSELLING
AND
INTERVENTION
.
947
16.25.3
INFORMING
PARENTS
OF
THE
DIAGNOSIS
.
947
REFERENCES
.
948
17
PREVENTION
OF
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
.
963
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
HANNO
J.
BOLZ,
GWEN
CARR,
MANFRED
GROSS,
ROSS
PARFITT,
SIMONA
POISSON-MARKOVA,
DEBBIE
RIX,
PAVEL
SEEMAN,
EVA
SEEMANOVA,
AND
MONIKA
TIGGES
17.1
UNIVERSAL
NEWBORN
HEARING
SCREENING
.
963
17.1.1
RISK
SCREENING
AND
UNIVERSAL
NEWBORN
HEARING
SCREENING
(UNHS)
.
963
17.1.2
EFFECTIVENESS
.
964
17.1.3
SCREENING
PRINCIPLES
AND
METHODS
.
965
17.1.4
LIMITATIONS
OF
THE
UNHS
AND
DEALING
WITH
SCREENING
FAILURES
.
965
17.1.5
SETTING
UP
A
SCREENING
PROGRAMME
.
967
17.1.6
EARLY
HEARING
DETECTION
AND
INTERVENTION
PROGRAMMES
.
967
17.1.7
MANAGEMENT
OF
CONTROL
INTERVALS/SCREENINGS
FOR
LATE-ONSET
HEARING
LOSS
.
967
17.1.8
EARLY
AETIOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
.
968
17.1.9
ROLE
OF
IMMUNISATION
.
968
17.1.10
HOW
TO
COMMUNICATE
THE
RESULTS
OF
UNHS
.
969
XXXIV
17.2
PROGRAMMES
FOR
ENHANCING
PARENTAL
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
.
969
17.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
969
17.2.2
EXAMPLES
OF
ENABLING
PARENTS
TO
PROMOTE
THEIR
CHILD
*
S
LANGUAGE
.
969
17.2.3
EXAMPLE
OF
ENABLING
PARENTS
TO
PARTNER
EFFECTIVELY
WITH
PROFESSIONALS
.
970
17.3
STIMULATION
OF
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
.
970
17.4
FAMILY
AUDIOMETRY
.
970
17.5
GENETIC
COUNSELLING
.
971
17.6
PARENTAL
GUIDANCE
IN
RESPECT
OF
HEARING
CONSERVATION
.
973
17.6.1
PREVENTING
HEAD
TRAUMA
IN
LARGE
ENDOLYMPHATIC
DUCT
AND
SAC
SYNDROME
.
973
17.6.2
PREVENTING
NOISE-ZMUSIC-INDUCED
HEARING
LOSS
.
975
17.6.3
AVOIDANCE
OF
NOISE
IN
COMBINATION
WITH
OTOTOXIC
DRUGS
.
978
17.6.4
GENERAL
ADVICE
CONCERNING
HEARING
CONSERVATION
.
978
REFERENCES
.
979
18
REHABILITATION
AND
PROGNOSIS
OF
DISORDERS
OF
HEARING
DEVELOPMENT
.
983
SONGUL
AKSOY,
ANTOINETTE
AM
ZEHNHOFF-DINNESEN,
AHMET
ATAS,
DORIS-EVA
BAMIOU,
SYLVA
BARTEL-FRIEDRICH,
CLAIRE
BENTON,
STEFFI
JOHANNA
BROCKMEIER,
NICOLE
G.
CAMPBELL,
GWEN
CARR,
MARCO
CAVERSACCIO,
HATICE
CELIK,
JAKUB
DRSATA,
KATE
HANVEY,
MONA
HEGAZI,
REINHILD
HOFMANN
(BORN
GLANEMANN),
MALTE
KOB,
MARTIN
KOMPIS,
PETER
MATULAT,
WENDY
MCCRACKEN,
DAVID
R.
MOORE,
DIRK
MIIRBE,
HALDUN
OGUZ,
LEVENT
N.
OZLUOGLU,
KAYHAN
OZTIIRK,
ROSS
PARFITT,
STEFAN
PLONTKE,
UTE
PROSCHEL,
KAREN
REICHMUTH,
DEBBIE
RIX,
CHARLOTTE
ROGERS,
MUSTAFA
ASIM
SAFAK,
TONY
SIRIMANNA,
KONSTANCE
TZIFA,
CHRISTOPH
VON
ILBERG,
THOMAS
WIESNER,
AND
KATHERINE
WILSON
18.1
TEAM
BUILDING
IN
THE
CARE
FOR HEARING-IMPAIRED
CHILDREN
.
985
18.1.1
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
TEAM
.
985
18.1.2
SHARING
INFORMATION
.
986
18.2
THERAPEUTIC
PARENTAL
GUIDANCE
PROGRAMMES
.
986
18.3
THE
CONCEPT
OF
THE
MUENSTER
PARENTAL
PROGRAMME
.
988
18.3.1
NEED
FOR
FAMILY-CENTRED
EARLY
INTERVENTION
AFTER
DIAGNOSIS
OF
HEARING
LOSS
(HL)
.
988
18.3.2
THE
MUENSTER
PARENTAL
PROGRAMME
(MPP)
.
988
18.3.3
STUDY
RESULTS
.
989
18.4
FITTING
AND
EVALUATION
OF
HEARING
DEVICES
INCLUDING
AUDIOMETRIC
VALIDATION
AND
TECHNICAL
VERIFICATION
.
990
CONTENTS
XXXV
18.4.1
INTRODUCTION
990
18.4.2
AUDIOLOGICAL
CANDIDACY
AND
AUDIOMETRIC
PRECONDITIONS
991
18.4.3
PREPARATION
OF
THE
AUDIOMETRIC
DATA
FOR
HEARING
AID
FITTING
TO
YOUNG
CHILDREN
992
18.4.4
TYPES
OF
HEARING
AID
993
18.4.5
TYPES
OF
EAR
MOULD
993
18.4.6
SELECTION
AND
FITTING
OF
THE
HEARING
AID
997
18.4.7
SELECTION
OF
HEARING
AID
FEATURES
997
18.4.8
VERIFICATION
999
18.4.9
VALIDATION
1001
18.4.10
INTERDISCIPLINARY
COOPERATION
1002
18.4.11
SPECIAL
ISSUES
1002
18.5
SPECIAL
KNOWLEDGE
OF
BONE-ANCHORED
HEARING
AIDS
AND
IMPLANTABLE
HEARING
AIDS
1005
18.5.1
IMPLANTABLE
HEARING
AIDS
1005
18.5.2
BONE-CONDUCTION
(BC)
HEARING
AIDS
1005
18.6
COCHLEAR
IMPLANT:
TECHNOLOGY,
CANDIDACY
AND
REHABILITATION
1008
18.6.1
COCHLEAR
IMPLANTATION:
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
1008
18.6.2
COCHLEAR
IMPLANT
TECHNOLOGY
1008
18.6.3
COCHLEAR
IMPLANT
FITTING
1012
18.6.4
CANDIDACY
AND
INDICATION
IN
CHILDREN
1012
18.6.5
POST-OPERATIVE
(RE)
HABILITATION
AND
FOLLOW-UP
1015
18.6.6
BILATERAL
COCHLEAR
IMPLANTATION
1016
18.7
KNOWLEDGE
OF
ELECTRIC-ACOUSTIC
STIMULATION:
BASIC
PRINCIPLES,
APPLICATION
AND
RESULTS
1016
18.7.1
ELECTRIC-ACOUSTIC
STIMULATION
(EAS):
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
1016
18.7.2
HEARING
PRESERVATION
1018
18.7.3
LIMITATION
OF
HEARING
AIDS
WITH
A
SIGNIFICANT
HIGH-FREQUENCY
HEARING
LOSS
1019
18.7.4
EAS
INDICATION
IN
CHILDREN
.
1020
18.7.5
EAS
ASSESSMENT
TEST
BATTERY
1020
18.7.6
RESULTS
WITH
EAS
1022
18.7.7
SUMMARY
1023
18.8
TRAINING
IN
HANDLING
HEARING
DEVICES/COCHLEAR
IMPLANTS
1023
18.9
TINNITUS
MANAGEMENT:
A
MEDICAL
PERSPECTIVE
1025
18.10
MANAGEMENT
OF
TINNITUS
IN
CHILDREN
AND
TEENAGERS:
A
SPECIALIST
PAEDIATRIC
AUDIOLOGY
AND
HEARING
THERAPY
PERSPECTIVE
1027
18.11
KNOWLEDGE
OF
HEARING
ASSISTIVE
TECHNOLOGY
.
1028
18.11.1
INTRODUCTION
1028
18.11.2
FITTING,
VERIFICATION
AND
VALIDATION
OF
WIRELESS
MICROPHONE
SYSTEMS
1029
18.11.3
SPECIAL
ISSUES
.
1030
XXXVI
18.12
IMPROVEMENT
OF
CLASSROOM
ACOUSTICS
.
1031
18.12.1
ROOM
ACOUSTICS
OF
CLASSROOMS
.
1031
18.12.2
IMPROVEMENT
OF
CLASSROOM
ACOUSTICS
.
1031
18.13
KNOWLEDGE
OF
AURAL
REHABILITATION
PROGRAMMES
.
1032
18.13.1
AURAL
HABILITATION
PROGRAMMES
.
1032
18.13.2
ALTERNATIVE
AND
SUPPLEMENTARY
MODES
OF
COMMUNICATION
.
1034
18.13.3
SPEECH
AND
LANGUAGE
THERAPY
FOR
DEAF
CHILDREN
AND
YOUNG
PEOPLE
.
1035
18.13.4
USE
OF
COMPUTER/TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVICES
TO
DEVELOP
COMMUNICATION
.
1035
18.14
REHABILITATION
AND
PROGNOSIS
FOR
CHILDREN
WITH
AUDITORY
PROCESSING
DISORDER
.
1035
18.15
PLACEMENT,
SUPPORT
AND
INCLUSION
OF
DEAF
AND
HARD-OF-HEARING
CHILDREN
.
1037
18.16
EDUCATIONAL
PROVISION
PLANNING/MANAGEMENT
.
1038
18.16.1
PLANNING
SUPPORT
SERVICES
.
1038
18.16.2
INTEGRATION
BETWEEN
HEALTH
AND
EDUCATION
SERVICES
.
1040
18.17
TEACHING
AND
ASSESSING
LITERACY
SKILLS
IN
DEAF
CHILDREN
.
1041
18.17.1
KEY
COMPONENTS
UNDERPINNING
ACHIEVEMENT
IN
LITERACY
.
1041
18.17.2
ASSESSING
LITERACY
SKILLS
IN
DEAF
CHILDREN
.
1043
18.18
MANAGEMENT
OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL
AND
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
SEQUELAE
AND
CULTURAL
INFLUENCES
.
1044
18.18.1
PSYCHOLOGICAL
AND
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
SEQUELAE.
.
1044
18.18.2
CULTURAL
INFLUENCES
ON
REHABILITATION
.
1045
18.19
REHABILITATION
OF
CHILDREN
WITH
MULTIPLE
HANDICAPS
.
1046
18.20
GENERAL
THERAPEUTIC
PRINCIPLES
FOR
CHILDHOOD
EAR
DISORDERS
.
1048
18.20.1
INTRODUCTION:
TREATMENT
OF
CHILDHOOD
SENSORINEURAL
HEARING
LOSS
(SNHL)
.
1048
18.20.2
MEDICAL TREATMENT
OF
MIDDLE
EAR
INFECTIONS
.
1049
18.20.3
MEDICAL TREATMENT
OF
EAR
TRAUMATA
.
1049
18.20.4
MEDICAL
TREATMENT
OF
INNER
EAR
DISEASES
.
1050
18.20.5
MEDICAL
TREATMENT
OF
OTHER
EAR
DISORDERS
.
1051
18.21
CONSERVATIVE
MANAGEMENT
OF
AUDITORY
TUBE
DYSFUNCTION
.
1052
18.21.1
ANATOMY,
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
DYSFUNCTION
OF
THE
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
.
1052
18.21.2
AETIOLOGY
OF
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
DYSFUNCTION
.
1052
18.21.3
CONSERVATIVE
MANAGEMENT
OF
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
DY
SFUNCTION
.
1053
18.22
INDICATIONS
AND
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
FOR
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
DYSFUNCTION
.
1054
18.22.1
ANATOMY,
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
PATHOLOGIES
OF
THE
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
.
1054
CONTENTS
XXXVII
18.22.2
DIAGNOSTIC
EVALUATION
OF
THE
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
.
.
.
1055
18.22.3
SURGERY
FOR EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
DYSFUNCTIONS
.
1056
18.23
INDICATIONS
AND
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
CONCERNING
CONGENITAL
MALFORMATIONS
OF
THE
EAR
.
1057
18.23.1
INDICATIONS
FOR
SURGICAL
TREATMENT
OF
CONGENITAL
MALFORMATIONS
(CM)
OF
THE
EAR
.
1057
18.23.2
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
IN
CM
OF
THE
OUTER
AND
MIDDLE
EAR
.
1057
18.23.3
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
IN
CM
OF
THE
INNER
EAR
.
1063
18.24
INDICATIONS
AND
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
CONCERNING
BONE-ANCHORED
HEARING
AIDS,
IMPLANTABLE
HEARING
AIDS
AND
COCHLEAR
IMPLANTS
.
1065
18.24.1
INDICATIONS
.
1065
18.24.2
PREREQUISITES
AND
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
.
1066
18.25
COOPERATION
IN
SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
IN
CHILDREN
WITH
DIFFERENT
STAGES
OF
CLEFT
PALATE
.
1068
18.26
GENETIC
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
.
1070
18.27
PROGNOSIS
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
HEARING
DISORDERS
.
1072
18.27.1
INTRODUCTION
.
1072
18.27.2
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
THE
PROGNOSIS
OF
CHILDHOOD
HEARING
IMPAIRMENT
.
1072
REFERENCES
.
1074
LIST
OF
VIDEO
EXAMPLES,
AUDIO
SAMPLES
AND
RELATED
IMAGES
.
1087
INDEX
.
1093 |
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| author2 | Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, Antoinette |
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| id | DE-604.BV042482735 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-03T02:17:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783662467794 3662467798 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027917687 |
| oclc_num | 904808123 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | X, 590 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer Berlin |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | European Manual of Medicine |
| spelling | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders Antoinette Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen Aufl. 2015 Berlin Springer Berlin 2016 X, 590 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European Manual of Medicine Phoniatrie (DE-588)4076089-3 gnd rswk-swf Mixed media product Voice Swallowing Speech Language Hearing Phoniatrie (DE-588)4076089-3 s DE-604 Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, Antoinette edt X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=5165164&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027917687&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders Phoniatrie (DE-588)4076089-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076089-3 |
| title | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders |
| title_auth | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders |
| title_exact_search | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders |
| title_full | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders Antoinette Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen |
| title_fullStr | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders Antoinette Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phoniatrics Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders Antoinette Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen |
| title_short | Phoniatrics |
| title_sort | phoniatrics voice swallowing speech language pediatric hearing disorders |
| title_sub | Voice, Swallowing, Speech, Language, Pediatric Hearing Disorders |
| topic | Phoniatrie (DE-588)4076089-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Phoniatrie |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=5165164&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027917687&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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