Metadata:
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
London
facet publishing
2016
|
Ausgabe: | Second edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | xxvii, 555 Seiten Illustrationen |
ISBN: | 9781783300525 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804153200648912896 |
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adam_text | Titel: Metadata
Autor: Zeng, Marcia Lei
Jahr: 2016
CONTENTS
List ofIllustrations xiii
List ofExhibits xxi
List ofTables xxiii
Preface xxv
Fundamentals of Metadata
ONE I Introduction 3
1.1 Backgrourid 3
1.2 Definitions 11
1.3 A Brief History 14
1.4 Types and Functions 18
1.5 Standards 23
1.6 Principles 26
1.7 Examples of Metadata Descriptions 28
• Suggested Readings 36
? Exercises 36
TWO I Understanding Metadata Vocabularies 37
2.1 Metadata Element Sets 38
2.1.1 Components and Structures—An Overview 38
2.1.2 Fiat Structure 42
2.1.3 Nested Structure 51
2.2 Application Profiles 54
2.2.1 The Concept of Application Profile 54
2.2.2 Examples of APs Consisting of Elements Drawn
from Other Schemas 55
2.2.3 Sources of Reusable Elements 58
V
vi CONTENTS
2.3 Ontologies as Metadata Vocabularies 59
2.3.1 Background 59
2.3.2 Modular Structure 62
2.3.3 Friend of a Friend (FOAF) 62
2.3.4 Schema.org 64
2.4 RDF Vocabularies for Metadata Terms 67
2.4.1 An Introduction to RDF (Resource Description Framework) 67
2.4.2 DCMI Metadata Terms 72
2.4.3 Metadata Descriptions: From Records to Statements 78
I Suggested Readings 80
• Exercises 80
THREE I Creating Metadata Descriptions 81
3.1 Requirements for Metadata 82
3.2 Basic Unit of Metadata 85
3.2.1 Metadata Statement, Description, and Description Set 85
3.2.2 Relationships between Resources 88
3.3 Knowing the Difference 89
3.4 Levels of Granuiarity 93
3.4.1 Describing Individual ItemsThat Constitute a Collection:
Item-Ievel Description 93
3.4.2 Describing the Entirety of a Collection: Collection-Levei Description 93
3.4.3 Dataset-Level Metadata 95
3.4.4 Resource Decomposition 97
3.5 Metadata Sources 99
3.5.1 Manual Generation of Metadata 100
3.5.2 Automatic Generation of Metadata 102
3.5.3 Combination of Manual and Automatic Methods 104
3.5.4 Harvested Metadata 107
3.5.5 Converted Metadata 109
3.5.6 User-Contributed Metadata through Social Media 112
3.6 Metadata Storage 114
3.6.1 Internal Storage 114
3.6.2 External Storage 121
3.7 Expressing Metadata 124
3.7.1 HTML 125
3.7.2 XML 130
3.7.3 RDF/XML and Other RDF Serialization Formats 133
CONTENTS vii
3.8 Linkage, Wrapper, Display, and Parallel Metadata 136
3.8.1 Linking between Descriptions for Different Resources 136
3.8.2 Wrapping 137
3.8.3 Encoding for Display 139
3.8.4 Encoding for Bilingual Metadata Statements 140
3.9 Combining Metadata Descriptions and Linking Resources 143
3.9.1 METS 144
3.9.2 RDF/XML 148
3.9.3 Aggregation 149
I Suggested Readings 152
I Advanced Readings 153
I Exercises 153
PART II
Metadata Vocabulary Building Blocks
FOUR I Metadata Structures and Semantics 157
4.1 Modeling for Metadata 160
4.1.1 Entity-Relationship Modeling 161
4.1.2 Ontological Modeling 165
4.1.3 Encapsulated and Modularized Approaches 171
4.2 Enumerating Metadata Terms 173
4.2.1 Communicating about the Functional Requirements 173
4.2.2 Identifying Desired Elements 175
4.3 Element Set Specification 176
4.3.1 Basic Components 177
4.3.2 Presentation 178
4.3.3 Principles for an Element Set to Follow 180
4.3.4 Methodologies for Working from an Existing Element Set 182
4.3.5 Testing the Element Set 186
4.4 Value Spaces and Value Vocabularies 187
4.4.1 Value Spaces That Should Follow Standardized
Syntax Encoding Rules 188
4.4.2 Value Spaces That Require Standardized
Vocabulary Encoding Schemes 190
4.4.3 Value Spaces That Require Predefined Lists of Terms 197
viii CONTENTS
4.5 Crosswalks 202
4.5.1 Methods Used in Crosswalking 202
4.5.2 Aligning Elements with Indicators of Matching Degrees 205
4.6 Best Practice Guides and Other Content Guidelines 206
4.6.1 Best Practice Guides 207
4.6.2 Standard-Specific Guidelines 210
4.6.3 Community-Oriented Best Practice Guides 212
4.6.4 Data Content Standards 212
4.7 Condusion 214
I Suggested Readings 214
I Exercises 215
Fl VE | Metadata Schemas 219
5.1 Background 219
5.2 Resource Identification 224
5.3 Namespaces 228
5.4 Schema Encoding 232
5.4.1 Relational Schema 232
5.4.2 XML Schema 233
5.4.3 Schema Encoding in Mixed Namespaces 237
5.5 Encoding Exampies of Metadata Vocabularies 239
5.5.1 Dublin Core Schemas 240
5.5.2 EAD 2002 XML Schema 241
5.5.3 DLESE Metadata Framework XML Schemas 244
5.6 Summary 246
I Suggested Readings 246
I Exercises 247
PART III V »ä *.•..»« , v. In a • *
Metadata Services
SIX I Metadata Services 251
6.1 Metadata Services as an Infrastructure 252
6.2 Metadata Registries 258
6.2.1 Functional Requirements 259
6.2.2 Types 261
6.2.3 Essential Components 264
CONTENTS ix
6.3 Metadata Repositories 267
6.3.1 Metadata Harvesting Model 269
6.3.2 OAI-PMH Commands 272
6.3.3 Support for Multiple Description Formats in OAI-PMH 275
6.4 Metadata as Linked Data 277
6.4.1 Two Roles of LAMs 278
6.4.2 Using Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS)
as the Connectors of Linked Datasets 279
6.4.3 Metadata in Information Silos 284
6.4.4 Factors Impacting Metadata Linkability 285
6.5 Ensuring Optimal Metadata Discovery and Increasing Findability 294
6.5.1 Metadata Retrieval 295
6.5.2 Metadata Exposure Methods 299
6.6 Summary 313
? Suggested Readings 314
I Exercises 315
SEVEN I Metadata Quality Measurement and Improvement 317
7.1 Quality of Metadata 317
7.2 Meeting the Functional Requirements 319
7.3 Quality Measurement with Different Granularities 322
7.4 Metadata Quality Measurement indicators: CCCD 325
7.4.1 Completeness 325
7.4.2 Correctness 327
7.4.3 Consistency 329
7.4.4 Duplication Analysis 331
7.5 Metadata Evaluation 334
7.6 Enhancing Quality of Metadata 337
7.7 Entity-Level Quality for Reusable Metadata 340
? Suggested Readings 345
I Exercises 346
EIGHT I Achieving Interoperability 347
8.1 Definitions 348
8.2 Metadata Decisions at Different Stages of a Digital Library Project 349
8.3 Achieving Interoperability at the Schema Level 351
8.3.1 Derivation 351
8.3.2 Application Profiles (APs) 353
x CONTENTS
8.3.3 Crosswalks 354
8.3.4 Frameworks 356
8.3.5 Metadata Registries 359
8.4. Achieving Interoperability at the Record Level 360
8.4.1 Conversion of Metadata Records 360
8.4.2 Data Reuse and Integration 361
8.5 Achieving Interoperability at the Metadata Repository Level 362
8.5.1 Metadata Repositories Based on the
Open Archives Initiative (OAI) Protocol 363
8.5.2 Metadata Repositories Supporting Multiple
Formats without Record Conversion 364
8.5.3 Aggregation and Enriched Metadata Records in a Repository 365
8.5.4 Element-Based and Value-Based Crosswalking Services 366
8.5.5 Value-Based Mapping for Cross-Database Searching 367
8.5.6 Value-Based Co-Occurrence Mapping 367
8.6 Alignment Approaches Used for Linked Data 370
8.6.1 The Need for Alignment of Metadata Vocabularies 370
8.6.2 Alignment at Class Level 371
8.6.3 Alignment at Property Level 372
8.6.4 Mapping Degrees 373
8.7. Conclusion 375
I Suggested Readings 375
I Exercise 376
PART IV •« ¦, i i* • .«
Metadata Outlook in Research
NINE I Metadata Research Landscape 379
9.1 Overview 379
9.2 Research in Metadata Architecture 384
9.3 Research in Metadata Modeling 386
9.4 Research in Metadata Semantics 390
9.5 Metadata and Data-Driven X 393
9.6 Metadata Research Landscape: Condusions 396
? Suggested Readings 397
? Exercise 397
CONTENTS xi
PART V
Metadata Standards
TEN I Current Standards 401
10.1 Metadata for General Purposes 402
10.1.1 Dublin Core (DC) 402
10.1.2 MODS and the MARC Family 405
10.2 Metadata for Cultural Objects and Visual Resources 414
10.2.1 Introduction to CDWA 415
10.2.2 Important Concepts 417
10.2.3 Element Sets of CCO, CDWA Lite, LIDO, and VRA Core 420
10.2.4 Object ID Checklist 426
10.2.5 Value Vocabularies 428
10.3 Metadata for Research Data 429
10.3.1 Overview 429
10.3.2 Metadata Standards for Geospatial Data 432
10.3.3 Metadata Standards for Biodiversity and Ecology Data 438
10.3.4 Metadata for Social Sciences Research Data 441
10.3.5 Other Developments 444
10.4 Metadata for Archives 445
10.4.1 Background 445
10.4.2 Finding Aid Examples 446
10.4.3 EAD 2002 Record at a Glance 449
10.4.4 EAC-CPF 453
10.4.5 Related Standards 454
10.4.6 EAD3 455
10.5 Rights Management Metadata 456
10.5.1 Rights Metadata Elements for User-Oriented Rights Information 457
10.5.2 Metadata Activities of Rights-Holder Communities 459
10.5.3 Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) 461
10.6 Metadata for Publishing and Press Communications 463
10.6.1 ONIX (ONline Information Exchange) 464
10.6.2 EPUB 465
10.6.3 IPTC Metadata Standards 466
10.7 Metadata for Multimedia Objects 467
10.7.1 The MPEG Standards 468
10.7.2 MPEG-7 468
10.7.3 ID3v2 471
10.7.4 PBCore, the Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary 471
xii CONTENTS
10.8 Preservation and Provenance Metadata 473
10.8.1 Digital Preservation Metadata Standards 473
10.8.2 OAIS Reference Framework 474
10.8.3 Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) 476
10.8.4 PROV for Provenance Interchange on the Web 479
10.8.5 DCMI Metadata Terms for Provenance 481
10.9 Metadata Describing Agents 482
10.9.1 vCard 482
10.9.2 FOAF (Friend of a Friend) 483
I Suggested Readings 484
I Exercises 484
I ¦
Appendixes: The following appendixes are available online only. r
A Metadata Standards: Metadata Schemas, Application Profiles, and Registries
http://www.metadataetc.org/book-website/readings/appendixaschemas.htm
B Value Encoding Schemes and Content Standards
http://www.metadataetc.org/book-website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm
Glossary 487
References 4)7
About the Autbors 533
Index 535
|
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author | Zeng, Marcia Lei 1956- Qin, Jian 1956- |
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spellingShingle | Zeng, Marcia Lei 1956- Qin, Jian 1956- Metadata Metadaten (DE-588)4410512-5 gnd |
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title | Metadata |
title_auth | Metadata |
title_exact_search | Metadata |
title_full | Metadata Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin |
title_fullStr | Metadata Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin |
title_full_unstemmed | Metadata Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin |
title_short | Metadata |
title_sort | metadata |
topic | Metadaten (DE-588)4410512-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Metadaten |
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