Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572): studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Royal and parliamentary legislation for the royal towns of the province of Lesser Poland (1386 - 1572) Bibliogr. s. 327-364. Indeks |
| Beschreibung: | 382 s., [4] s. tabl. Ill 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788323338338 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV042418094 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20170629 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 150317s2014 a||| |||| 00||| pol d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788323338338 |9 978-83-233-3833-8 | ||
| 020 | |z 8323338337 |9 8323338337 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)905389525 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV042418094 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-B220 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Mikuła, Maciej |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) |b studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce |c Maciej Mikuła |
| 250 | |a Wyd. 1. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Kraków |b Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a 382 s., [4] s. tabl. |b Ill |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Royal and parliamentary legislation for the royal towns of the province of Lesser Poland (1386 - 1572) | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 327-364. Indeks | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1386-1572 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Prawo magdeburskie |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Prawo saskie |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stadtrecht |0 (DE-588)4125683-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572 |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze |2 jhpk | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kleinpolen |0 (DE-588)4098501-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kleinpolen |0 (DE-588)4098501-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Stadtrecht |0 (DE-588)4125683-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1386-1572 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027853534 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |f 0902 |g 438 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |f 09031 |g 438 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153087556845568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Summary
Royal and Parliamentary Legislation for the Royal Towns
of the Province of Lesser Poland (1386—1572).
A Study of the History of the Rule of Law
The current research was inspired by the words uttered by the Polish lawyer
Bartłomiej Groicki (ca. 1534-1605): “And for this reason it would no longer be
called Magdeburg municipal law, but Ius Municipale Polonicum, that is, Polish
municipal law, for the townsmen in the Kingdom of Poland already regard it
as theirs.” A survey of the evolution of the law in Polish towns established ac-
cording to Magdeburg law requires not only an analysis of the royal and par-
liamentary legislation, but also the legislation of the towns (lauda, plebiscitei),
and the jurisdiction of the supreme court of German law, as well as the impact
of legal doctrine on legal practice. The role of the king and the parliament in
the evolution of municipal law is outlined. It can be assumed at the outset that
it was significant, given that changes in the written municipal law required the
approval of the town owner. This means that both the modification of the prin-
ciples of choosing councilors and the regulation of the inheritance law in royal
towns required the presence of a Jagiellonian ruler in order to proceed lege artis.
The first chapter presents the power that the king and the sejm (Polish parlia-
ment) had to establish municipal law in the context of the emergence and develop-
ment of the sejm. It also contains a systematic overview of royal and parliamentary
legal acts according to a basic criterion of the purpose of a legal act. Consequently,
it is possible to distinguish the following acts: 1. an act that creates a new law (nor-
mative act); 2. an act that enumerates rights according to the law (an application of
the law); and, 3. an act that guarantees compliance with existing laws and entitle-
ments. The basic taxonomy is complemented by a division of legal acts according
to their addressee and duration. The next two chapters present parliamentary and
royal legal acts from a functional point of view. Chapter II analyses the normative
316
Summary
acts issued by the sejm, including the 15th-century legislation of conventions that
weren’t general assemblies. It is followed by the deliberations of Chapter III, in which
the royal legislative acts, acts specifying the rights and duties of townsmen, and
warranty acts were described. Chapters II and III leave out regulations concerning
the political system and juridical law. These two questions, whose purpose is to
define the role of the king and the sejm in the emergence of Polish municipal law,
as described by Bartłomiej Groicki, are discussed in Chapters IV and V. Chapter
IV concerns the roles of the king and the sejm in regulating the political system
and administration of the town. The number of regulations analyzed, coming
from a period of almost 200 years, is significant enough, even though few of the
sources remain in effect today; hence, it was possible to formulate a wide range
of questions. Chapter V presents the involvement of the Jagiellons in specifying
the organization of the judiciary of a town, as well as their contribution to the
evolution of judicial (procedural, private, and criminal) law.
The analyses allow us to formulate a number of general observations. They
concern specifically the relation between royal and parliamentary legislation,
their respective characteristics, and the influence of the king and the sejm on
the evolution of municipal law.
The relation between royal legislation and parliamentary legislation can be
analyzed from two points of view. One is the division of competencies as regards
establishing the general and singular law (ius commune and ius singulare), and
the other one is the subject of the regulation.
In the above-proposed division of royal and parliamentary legal acts for
towns it is important to differentiate between legislative acts belonging to ius
commune -֊ general or ordinary law (in Poland this term referred to law operating
on everyone, regardless of their social status, as well as judicial law for the no-
bility) ֊ and those belonging to ius singulare. In the period analyzed, the sejm
dealt almost exclusively with legislation within the general law. Thus, the com-
petencies of the sejm and the king were unequal, as the king was entitled to
issuing acts belonging to both ius singulare and ius commune. Until the time of
the executive sejm, the singular law often had precedence over the general law
This gave the king wide opportunities in the management of the country and
constituted a formal instrument of internal policy. The idea of the executive
movement among the nobility in the middle of 16th century was to abandon
the laws that were contrary to the general law As a result of the reforms of the
executive sejm of the 1560s, the general law obtained precedence over specific
privileges, which were subject to parliamentary control in terms of their valid-
ity and usefulness.
Even a cursory look at the questions concerning towns, which were touched
upon in parliamentary and royal legislation, shows a lack of clear division of
competencies. Particular common areas were public services (taxes, duties), and
rules of international and domestic trade. Both the sejm and the king power to
Summary
317
introduce new regulations within the political system, and body of criminal law
for towns. This does not mean that in the case of town legislation, the parliamen-
tary and royal regulations always stood in opposition to each other. Numerous
parliamentary constitutions were issued in the interest of not only the nobility,
but also the townspeople. In addition, a real instrument of governance was the
kings prerogative to block parliamentary legislation either through the lack of
executive acts - as in the case of the attempts of the sejm to abolish guilds - or
through the lack of legislation within ius singulare, excluding the application
of the constitution - as in the case of a number of customs and tax exemptions.
Up until the beginning of the 1560s, few parliamentary constitutions - natu-
rally apart from conscript and military proclamations - had any actual impact
on townspeople. The laws that were passed to the unquestionable detriment of
townspeople were the laws which were actually applied concerning jurisdic-
tion towards noblemen committing crimes in towns, as well as townspeople
who injured or killed a nobleman. In both cases the town courts were excluded
from jurisdiction. Also, bans on international trade were quite painful. The
ban on possessing land by a townsman gradually solidified. The executive sejm,
whose aim was to strengthen parliamentary control over the assets of the royal
domain, enacted a set of reforms which threatened town liberties. Both the
fact that the town bills were controlled by mayors who were noblemen (which
limited the towns autonomy), and that there was a lasting ban on international
trade for Polish tradesmen (which cut off the source of income for the strongest
municipal centres) are examples of treating towns as objects and not subjects
of public life in the Republic of Poland. It was another step in decreasing the
role of towns after their gradual exclusion from the official political life in the
second half of 15th century. As numerous studies show, not all constitutions of
the executive sejm were fully effective; however, they became solutions from
which it was impossible to escape.
So far, the research allows for pointing out the following features of royal
legislation for royal towns: lack of in-depth and comprehensive regulations,
favourable response to bottom-up proposals of townspeople, respect for the
written law in force and acting along the principle of subjecting the king to that
law, and attempts at unification of the municipal law.
In accordance with the conclusion in Chapter IV, throughout the Jagiellonian
period the king usually responded positively to petitions and complaints in po-
litical matters, although it did not happen automatically. Up to the middle of 16th
century, there was a noticeable tendency of the Jagiellons to expand municipal
autonomy and democracy, which in the majority of cases happened at the request
of the interested party. Of course, one may ask why the king failed to ordain
a single municipal system through a single act, but the answer is very simple,
especially if one considers the fate of Maciej Sliwnickis codification. This was
to be a uniform code of law for towns, but due to excessive elements of Roman
318
Summary
law in it, it was eventually rejected, with few exceptions. The rapid top-down
changes in the law stood in contradiction to the social sense of security seen
in the old legal order.
The bottom-up legislative initiative in the field of the judicial system and
law could have deepened the differences between laws operating in individual
towns. However, some entirely opposite examples can also be mentioned in which
the Jagiellons also had their share. One manifestation of the unification trend
in Lesser Poland consisted in favoring the Magdeburg variety of German law.
Another example of striving after a single body of law was for a town to adapt
solutions developed in other, usually representative, towns. The king agreed
to the requests of townspeople and, consequently, the Cracovian regulations
concerning succession and family law operated in numerous other cities of the
Polish Kingdom. The deference the king displayed towards higher courts of
Magdeburg law and towards the legitimacy and integrity of royal courts also
indicate that members of the Jagiellonian dynasty perceived the need to ensure
a uniform jurisdiction.
The legal acts issued by the king were characterized by pragmatism, which
ensued from wise legislative initiatives of townspeople themselves. No doubt,
the initiators of legal acts belonged to the model of homo oeconomicus, which
means they usually acted so that they achieved their self-defined aim through
the most effective means. However, the initiative of those who wanted to obtain
licenses and warrants could lead to issuing documents which were contradic-
tory to one another. Some documents of the Jagiellon dynasty show evidence
of attempts to counteract this undesired phenomenon. For example, the king
allowed for a new market or fair on condition that the existing entitlements of
other subjects remained undisturbed. Apart from that, there were instances
of cancelling contradictory acts.
These characteristics of the royal legislation for towns led to further conclu-
sions. One of the fundamental principles of jurisdiction of royal courts was the
principle of respecting vested rights accepted by society in the Jagiellonian era.
Obedience to this principle was respected not only by the subjects, it was also
binding on the monarch. An example is the judgment of the commissary court
of 1448 in the case between Casimir IV Jagiellonian and Jan Pieczeñ concern-
ing the property of advocatus hereditarius (wójt der Vogt) in Lublin. The king
lost the case and had to subject himself to the judgment of the commissaries. In
instances in which the king violated the law, his subjects had the right to resist,
which was officially codified in the period of the Jagiellonian rule in the early
16th century. A manifestation of the rule of law in Poland in those times was also
the acceptance of the principle of lex retro non agit, to which the judicial practice
testified. The principles of binding law and protection of vested rights, and the
ban on retroactivity of a new law were aimed to provide a sense of stability of
law and safety, to which the courts were likewise obliged through the imperative
Summary
319
to judge in a similar manner in similar situations. Bartłomiej Groicki wrote: “So
many things are different, yet similar to one another. Therefore, in the judgment
of things one law can be used. For where there are things similar to one another,
then the law can likewise be similar. For where there is one thing similar to
another, with such things there should also be one law. Speculum Saxonum lib.
1 artic. 9 et libro 2 articulo 12.” There was yet another commonly accepted rule
associated with these principles. Namely, an earlier privilege had priority over
a new one, as long as the former was to abide eternally or until its change was
accepted by all parties concerned. This principle hindered the modernization of
the law, but guaranteed the security of legal transactions. This also explains why,
in the case of a judicial law reform, the initiative of the towns involved was so
significant. In the 16th century, all the rules mentioned above were encompassed
in a single general principle that in Polonia lex est rex.
One of the aims of the proposed typology of legal acts is to distinguish be-
tween the royal and parliamentary normative acts and the large number of other
types of acts. The analysis of normative acts, in turn, points out that towns and
townspeople were subject, to a considerable degree, to regulations classified as
general law. The law applied in Polish towns was, therefore, a set of standards
of various provenience, among which were rules of the Saxon-Magdeburg
law. In the 16th century, as a result of the dissemination of monuments of the
Magdeburg law, a wider reception of solutions based on Saxon-Magedburg law
occurred, as one could expect. What is more, there appeared a need to change
many regulations in the judicial law, which previously could be registered only
in a few major cities. Therefore, the adaptation process of Saxon-Magdeburg
law included selecting solutions to be assimilated, as well as modifying and
supplementing through legislative action. The king and sejm were essential
links in the evolution of municipal law. The role of the king was not confined
to the constitutive acceptance of municipal lauds reforming the written law,
but it extended to active legislation in the field of criminal law, organization of
the judiciary, and, of course, the urban system. To this end, the king made use
of a wide range of possible legislative forms: privileges, legal interpretations,
legislative judgments issued personally and in royal (commissary and asses-
sor) courts, and approvals of town regulations (lauda, plebiscito). The extent
of the legislation may be illustrated by the fact that 77% of the analyzed royal
interventions concerning the political system was normative in nature. The
king intervened in matters concerning the procedure of taking offices in towns,
thus taking an active part in shaping the urban system. He defined the legisla-
tive competencies of entities which competed for authority (council, advocatus
hereditarius, common people, governor, and other superior officials), and also
dealt with typical administrative issues such as citizenship and the maintenance
of order. The regulations concerning the system in most cases diverged from
the Saxon-Magdeburg law, which in the Jagiellonian era was nothing new but
320
Summary
a continuation of processes penetrating deeply into the origins of the settlement
under German law in Poland.
A variety of systematic solutions in Polish towns developed from numer-
ous factors, which included the king s will. This is confirmed by modifications
of town regulations made by the king as well as his consent only to selected
demands of the people. Parliamentary legislation in the field of the urban sys-
tem was insignificant, but the provision in the 1565 constitution creating the
obligation to make financial statements to the governor curtailed the autonomy
of towns. For some towns, however, it was nothing but codification of existing,
customary practices. One cannot underestimate the role of the Jagiellonian dy-
nasty in shaping the multi-level character of the municipal judicial system, the
characteristics of courts, and also the protection of state rights of townspeople.
Interference in the evolution of the judicial law proceeded on several levels;
one cannot overestimate the fact that the king accepted municipal projects that
were contradictory to the written law. There were numerous acts of royal pro-
venience which concerned the principles of appeal. As a result of Jagiellonian
legislation, two basic models consolidated: one with an obligatory instance in
the form of a supreme officer (governor), and the other excluding that stage
and allowing townspeople to appeal directly to the higher courts of German
law. Moreover, numerous royal privileges guaranteed appeals to the court of
the king, sometimes bypassing the intermediate instances. A pressing problem
was to determine the properties of municipal courts. This issue was also taken
up by the parliament. The effect of the royal and parliamentary legislation was
a catalogue of circumstances extending (in less important matters) and restrict-
ing (eg. killing or injuring a nobleman) the jurisdiction of municipal courts.
Of course, restrictions of the municipal jurisdiction and settling such cases
according to Polish customary law were disadvantageous for townspeople. The
king also intervened in specific lawsuits, e.g. by granting safe conducts. In turn,
his influence on the evolution of private law manifested itself primarily in his
favour towards the solutions proposed by relevant stakeholders.
The research confirms that the influence of the king and the sejm on processes
of studying, absorbing, modifying, and supplementing the Saxon-Magdeburg
law was one of the essential factors in the emergence of a Polish municipal law:
lus Municipale Polonicum.
Spis treści
Wprowadzenie .......................................................... 11
1. Pojęcie prawodawstwa królewskiego i sejmowego ................... 11
2. Cele i zakres badawczy ...................................... 12
3. Stan badań .................................................. 17
3.1. Klasyfikacja królewskich i sejmowych aktów prawnych ......... 18
3.2. Król i sejm a ustrój miast .................................. 21
3.3. Król i sejm a miejskie prawo sądowe ......................... 25
4. Wykorzystane źródła ......................................... 29
5. Przegląd treści ............................................. 33
Rozdział I. Król i sejm a prawo dla miast. Systematyka aktów prawnych . 35
1. Umocowanie króla i sejmu do stanowienia prawa dla miast
królewskich .................................................. 35
1.1. Klauzula prawa niemieckiego w przywileju lokacyjnym
i przywileju na prawo niemieckie ......................... 35
1.2. Kompetencje prawodawcze króla według prawa sasko-
- magdeburskiego ......................................... 39
1.3. Rozwój kompetencji sejmu w zakresie stanowienia prawa
pospolitego (ius commune). Samodzielność prawodawcza
króla .................................................... 41
1.4. Prawa króla i sejmu do zarządu domeną monarszą .............. 49
1.5. Wykonywanie królewskich kompetencji prawodawczych przez
inne podmioty ............................................ 53
2. Źródła prawa miejskiego w opinii jurystów z czasów jagiellońskich .... 56
2.1. Źródła prawa miejskiego w prawie sasko-magdeburskim
oraz w opinii jurystów miejskich ......................... 56
2.2. Źródła prawa miejskiego według pisarzy prawa ziemskiego . 59
6
Spis treści
3. Systematyka aktów prawnych dla miast ....................... 60
3.1. Typologie dokumentów stosowane w dyplomatyce ........... 61
3.2. Uwagi do podziału aktów królewskich autorstwa Stanisława
Kutrzeby ................................................ 63
3.3. Typologia aktów dla miast proweniencji królewskiej
i sejmowej .............................................. 66
3.4. Adresaci „miejskich” aktów króla i sejmu ............... 71
3.5. Czas obowiązywania aktów dla miast ..................... 72
4. Podsumowanie ............................................. 77
Rozdział IL Miasta i mieszczanie w prawodawstwie sejmowym ....... 81
1. Akty prawne ................................................ 81
1.1. Punkt odniesienia: Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego ........ 81
1.2. Prawodawstwo dla miast do 1468 r. ...................... 83
1.3. Prawodawstwo sejmowe po 1468 r. ......................... 84
2. Przedmiot prawodawstwa ..................................... 86
2.1. Zasady interpretacji prawa ............................. 86
2.2. Ograniczenia stanowe mieszczan .......................... 87
2.3. Miasta jako część domeny królewskiej ................... 90
2.4. Prawo sądowe, ustrój, administrowanie .................. 92
2.5. Handel międzynarodowy .................................. 93
2.6. Handel krajowy ......................................... 97
2.7. Handel wewnątrzmiejski i cechy ........................ 102
2.8. Cła .................................................... 105
2.9. Podatki i obowiązki wojskowe .......................... 110
2.10. Mieszczanie a kmiecie ................................. 111
2.11. Mieszczanie a Żydzi ................................... 112
2.12. Sytuacja prawna mieszczan w Korekturze praw z 1532 r. . 113
3. Próba oceny ............................................... 114
3.1 .Cuiprodest? ........................................... 114
3.2. Skuteczność prawodawstwa sejmowego .................. 117
3.3. Prawodawstwo sejmowe w dobie jagiellońskiej: determinanta
zjawisk w kolejnej epoce ................................ 118
Rozdział III. Królewskie akty prawne dla miast ................... 121
1. Prawodawstwo w zakresie prawa pospolitego .................. 121
1.1. Rozwinięcia i modyfikacje konstytucji sejmowych ........ 121
Spis treści 7
1.2. Sprawy wyznaniowe ....................................... 124
1.3. Szczegółowe regulacje w zakresie zarządu państwem ...... 125
2. Privilegium est quasi privata lex: prawodawstwo w zakresie ius
singulare .................................................... 127
2.1. Wpływ króla na wysokość oraz pobór podatków ............ 128
2.2. Zwolnienia oraz obniżenia ceł i myt .................... 131
2.3. Zwolnienia oraz obniżenia wymiaru podwód i stacji ...... 134
2.4. Regulacje dotyczące handlu i rzemiosła ................. 137
2.4.1. Drogi handlowe ...................................... 138
2.4.2. Zasady handlu i prawo cechowe ....................... 140
2.5. Prawodawstwo w zakresie spraw górniczych a prawo miejskie .... 142
2.6. Szczególne formy prawodawstwa: zatwierdzenia
konstytutywne, wyroki i interpretacje prawotwórcze ...... 143
3. Akty konkretyzujące prawo (przywileje administracyjne) ...... 146
3.1. Pozwolenia w zakresie handlu i rzemiosła ............... 146
3.1.1. Targi, jarmarki, sochaczki .......................... 146
3.1.2. Prawo składu ........................................ 147
3.1.3. Reglamentacja rzemiosła i handlu .................... 148
3.2. Pozwolenia w zakresie infrastruktury ................... 149
3.2.1. Obiekty gospodarcze i infrastruktura komunalna ...... 150
3.2.2. Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne ....................... 152
3.3. Akty ustanawiające dochody miejskie .................... 153
3.4. Dotacje na określone cele .............................. 155
3.4.1. Utrzymanie infrastruktury komunikacyjnej ............ 155
3.4.2. Utrzymanie fos i murów miejskich .................... 158
3.4.3. Cechy dotacji ....................................... 159
4. Królewskie gwarancje obowiązywania prawa ................... 160
4.1. Mandaty i klauzule mandatowe jako akty wykonawcze ...... 160
4.2. Cele aktów interwencyjnych ............................. 163
4.2.1. Reakcja na łamanie prawa przez urzędników ........... 164
4.2.2. Reakcja na łamanie prawa przez inne podmioty ........ 166
4.2.3. Instrumenty procesowe. Listy żelazne ................ 168
4.3. Adresaci aktów wykonawczych i aktów interwencyjnych .... 171
4.3.1. Adresaci aktów wykonawczych ......................... 172
4.3.2. Adresaci aktów interwencyjnych ...................... 173
8
Spis tresci
4.4. Sankcje wobec urzędników ignorujących wolę króla ......... 175
4.5. Potwierdzenia aktów prawnych ............................. 176
4.5.1. Dokumenty konfirmacyjne .............................. 176
4.5.2. Wyroki deklaratoryjne ................................ 177
5. Podsumowanie. Przywileje lokacyjne jako akty o wielu
funkcjach ..................................................... 179
Rozdział IV. Prawodawstwo królewskie i sejmowe w zakresie ustroju
i administracji miast .......................................... 183
1. Okoliczności wydania królewskich aktów prawnych w zakresie
ustroju ....................................................... 183
1.1. Konflikty z urzędnikami zwierzchnimi ..................... 184
1.2. Konflikty z wójtami dziedzicznymi ........................ 186
1.3. Konflikty wewnątrzmiejskie o zakres demokracji ........... 187
2. Prawodawstwo w zakresie administracji ....................... 188
2.1. Obywatelstwo ............................................. 188
2.2. Świadczenia z tytułu posiadania działek .................. 191
2.3. Porządek i bezpieczeństwo ................................ 193
3. Regulacje w zakresie ustroju ................................ 195
3.1. Wybór i liczebność rajców oraz techniczne wymogi elekcji . 195
3.2. Wybór burmistrza ......................................... 202
3.3. Wybór podwójciego ........................................ 203
3.4. Wybór ławników ........................................... 205
3.5. Kompetencje prawodawcze. Trzeci ordynek .................. 208
3.6. Zarząd majątkiem i kontrola rachunków miejskich .......... 215
3.7. Pisarze miejscy .......................................... 219
3.8. Wymogi wobec urzędników .................................. 220
3.9. Uposażenie rajców i ławników ............................. 226
3.10. Ustalenia dotyczące prestiżu rady, wójta i urzędników
zwierzchnich .............................................. 227
4. Związanie sądu królewskiego prawem a rozstrzygnięcia
prawotwórcze .................................................. 230
4.1. Kazus Bochni ............................................. 230
4.2. Kazus Biecza ............................................. 234
5. Podsumowanie ................................................. 236
Spis treści
9
Rozdział V. Król i sejm a miejskie prawo sądowe .................... 241
1. Król i sejm a organizacja sądownictwa i regulacje procesu
miejskiego .................................................. 241
1.1. Sądy w miastach ........................................... 243
1.2. Właściwość sądów miejskich w świetle prawa sasko-
-magdeburskiego. Regulacja krakowska z 1544 r............... 246
1.3. Właściwość sądów miejskich w Statutach Kazimierza
Wielkiego ............................................... 248
1.4. Rozszerzanie kompetencji sądów miejskich .................. 249
1.4.1. Jurysdykcja nad przedmieszczanami ................... 250
1.4.2. Nieruchomości poza miastem .......................... 250
1.4.3. Ściganie przestępców ................................ 251
1.4.4. Sprawy handlowe ..................................... 252
1.4.5. Sprawy karne szlachty nabywającej nieruchomości
miejskie ............................................. 252
1.5. Ograniczenia właściwości sądów miejskich ............... 252
1.5.1. Odpowiedzialność szlachcica za przestępstwo popełnione
w mieście ............................................ 252
1.5.2. Odpowiedzialność mieszczanina za zabójstwo lub
zranienie szlachcica oraz poddanego szlacheckiego .... 255
1.5.3. Odpowiedzialność chłopów za długi zaciągnięte
wmieście ........................................... 256
1.5.4. Cztery artykuły grodzkie ............................ 257
1.5.5. Odpowiedzialność przybyszów, innowierców i zasady
ustalone indywidualnie wobec konkretnych osób ........ 258
1.5.6. Właściwość w sprawach skarbowych (podatki, cła,
moneta) ............................................ 259
1.6. Ochrona praw do własnego sądownictwa ................... 259
1.6.1. Mieszczanie przed obcymi sądami: przypadki zgodne
z prawem ............................................. 259
1.6.2. Sprawy niesporne przed sądami obcymi ................ 262
1.6.3. Bezprawne pozywanie mieszczan przed niewłaściwe sądy .. 268
1.7. Zasady apelacji ........................................ 270
1.7.1. Obligatoryjna instancja: urzędnik zwierzchni ........ 272
1.7.2. Obligatoryjna instancja: sąd wyższy prawa niemieckiego . 273
10
Spis treści
1.7.3. Apelacje do sądu nadwornego .......................... 275
1.8. Pozostałe regulacje poświęcone postępowaniu sądowemu ..... 276
2. Zmiany wprawie prywatnym ................................ 278
2.1. Metody reformy ....................................... 278
2.2. Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego a miejskie prawo prywatne ... 278
2.3. Prawo spadkowe i małżeńskie majątkowe .................... 280
2.4. Prawo rzeczowe i obligacyjne ............................. 286
3. Regulacje w zakresie prawa karnego ...................... 291
3.1. Uwagi wstępne ........................................ 291
3.2. Mieszczanie a prawo karne w Statutach Kazimierza Wielkiego .... 293
3.3. Prawodawstwo sejmowe ................................. 294
3.4. Prawodawstwo królewskie .............................. 296
4. Podsumowanie ............................................ 299
Zakończenie ................................................... 303
1. Relacja prawodawstwa królewskiego do sejmowego .......... 303
2. Cechy prawo dawstwa królewskiego ........................ 305
3. Królestwo Polskie za Jagiellonów ֊ dążenie do państwa prawa . 307
4. Dbałość Jagiellonów o miasta domeny ..................... 308
5. Modernizacja prawa sasko-magdeburskiego i kształtowanie
polskiego prawa miejskiego ................................ 311
Summary ....................................................... 315
Wykaz skrótów ................................................. 321
Wykaz rycin, tabel, schematów i wykresów ...................... 325
Bibliografia .................................................. 327
Indeks osobowo-geograficzny ................................... 365
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mikuła, Maciej |
| author_facet | Mikuła, Maciej |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mikuła, Maciej |
| author_variant | m m mm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042418094 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)905389525 (DE-599)BVBBV042418094 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1386-1572 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1386-1572 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02606nam a2200553 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV042418094</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20170629 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">150317s2014 a||| |||| 00||| pol d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788323338338</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-233-3833-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">8323338337</subfield><subfield code="9">8323338337</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)905389525</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV042418094</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-B220</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mikuła, Maciej</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572)</subfield><subfield code="b">studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce</subfield><subfield code="c">Maciej Mikuła</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wyd. 1.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kraków</subfield><subfield code="b">Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego</subfield><subfield code="c">2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">382 s., [4] s. tabl.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Royal and parliamentary legislation for the royal towns of the province of Lesser Poland (1386 - 1572)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bibliogr. s. 327-364. Indeks</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1386-1572</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Prawo magdeburskie</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Prawo saskie</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Stadtrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4125683-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kleinpolen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4098501-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Kleinpolen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4098501-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Stadtrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4125683-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1386-1572</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027853534</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">900</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0902</subfield><subfield code="g">438</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">900</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09031</subfield><subfield code="g">438</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572 jhpk Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze jhpk Kleinpolen (DE-588)4098501-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572 Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze Kleinpolen |
| id | DE-604.BV042418094 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:21:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788323338338 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027853534 |
| oclc_num | 905389525 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-B220 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-B220 |
| physical | 382 s., [4] s. tabl. Ill 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Mikuła, Maciej Verfasser aut Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce Maciej Mikuła Wyd. 1. Kraków Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 2014 382 s., [4] s. tabl. Ill 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Royal and parliamentary legislation for the royal towns of the province of Lesser Poland (1386 - 1572) Bibliogr. s. 327-364. Indeks Geschichte 1386-1572 gnd rswk-swf Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego jhpk Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w jhpk Prawo magdeburskie jhpk Prawo saskie jhpk Stadtrecht (DE-588)4125683-9 gnd rswk-swf Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572 jhpk Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze jhpk Kleinpolen (DE-588)4098501-5 gnd rswk-swf Kleinpolen (DE-588)4098501-5 g Stadtrecht (DE-588)4125683-9 s Geschichte 1386-1572 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mikuła, Maciej Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego jhpk Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w jhpk Prawo magdeburskie jhpk Prawo saskie jhpk Stadtrecht (DE-588)4125683-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125683-9 (DE-588)4098501-5 |
| title | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce |
| title_auth | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce |
| title_exact_search | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce |
| title_full | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce Maciej Mikuła |
| title_fullStr | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce Maciej Mikuła |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce Maciej Mikuła |
| title_short | Prawodawstwo króla i sejmu dla małopolskich miast królewskich (1386 - 1572) |
| title_sort | prawodawstwo krola i sejmu dla malopolskich miast krolewskich 1386 1572 studium z dziejow rzadow prawa w polsce |
| title_sub | studium z dziejów rządów prawa w Polsce |
| topic | Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego jhpk Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze jhpk Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w jhpk Prawo magdeburskie jhpk Prawo saskie jhpk Stadtrecht (DE-588)4125683-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statuty Kazimierza Wielkiego Prawo miejskie / Polska / Małopolska (region) / średniowiecze Władza królewska / Polska / średniowiecze Władza królewska / Polska / 16 w Prawo magdeburskie Prawo saskie Stadtrecht Polska / polityka i rządy / do 1572 Małopolska (Polska ; region) / administracja / średniowiecze Kleinpolen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853534&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mikułamaciej prawodawstwokrolaisejmudlamałopolskichmiastkrolewskich13861572studiumzdziejowrzadowprawawpolsce |