The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology
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| Sprache: | English |
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Wiley Blackwell
2015
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| Beschreibung: | XV, 681 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781118907054 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps |b biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |c Donald L. J. Quicke |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | THEBRACONID
ANDICHNEUMONID
PARASITOID WASPS
iBIOLOGY,SYSTEMATICS,
EVOLUTIONANDECOLOGY
*r
Donald L J Quicke
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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WILEY Biackweii
CONTENTS
Preface, xiii
Acknowledgements, xv
1 INTRODUCTION, 1
Life history, 5
Systematics, 6
PART 1 MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY, 7
2 ADULT EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY, 9
Head, 10
Antennal sensilla, 12
Antennal glands and tyloids, 14
Palps, 15
Mesosoma, 15
Legs, 17
Wings, wing venation and wing cells, 18
Confusing and sometimes erroneously applied vein
names, 26
Wing flexion lines, 27
Metasoma, 29
Sexual dimorphism, 30
Male external genitalia, 32
3 THE OVIPOSITOR AND OVIPOSITOR
SHEATHS, 35
The act of oviposition, 39
Functional morphology of wood-drillers, 41
Ovipositor stabilisation guides and buckling force, 43
Ovipositor notches and endoparasitism, 44
Ovipositor steering mechanisms, 44
Proposed evolutionary and related ovipositor
transitions, 48
Number, posilion and possible functions of ovipositor
valvilli, 50
Venom retention and delivery, 52
Ovipositor secretory pores, 53
Ovipositor sensilla, 54
Ovipositor sheaths 55
4 INTERNAL AND REPRODUCTIVE
ANATOMY, 57
Nervous system, 58
Digestive tracl 58
Female internal reproductive system, 59
Ovaries, 59
Time scale of egg maturation, 60
Spermatheca, 61
Common oviduct and vaginal gland, 62
Venom gland and reservoir, 63
Dufour s gland 64
Cuticular hydrocarbons, 66
Sex pheromones 67
Male internal reproductive system, 68
Sperm ultrastructure, 69
Spermatogeny index, 70
5 IMMATURE STAGES, 71
Eggs and oogenesis, 72
Hydropic and anhydropic eggs, 72
Embryogenesis, 73
Embryonic membranes, 75
Larva, 76
Larval feeding and nutrition, 81
Larval food consumption and dietary efficiency, 82
Lipid metabolism, 82
Respiration in endoparasitoids, 83
Larval secretions, 83
The pupal stage, 84
Cocoons, 84
vii
viii Contents
6 IDIOBIONTS, KOINOBIONTS AND OTHER
LIFE HISTORY TRAITS, 87
Parasitoidism, 88
Idiobiont and koinobiont strategies 88
Generalists and specialists 89
Ecto- and endoparasitism 90
Permanent host paralysis 91
Gregarious development 91 k
Superparasitism 92
Larval combat and physiological suppression 93
Adaptive superparasitism 95
Multiparasitism 96
Obligate and preferential multiparasitism 99
Hyperparasitism and pseudohyperparasitism, 99
Kleptoparasitism, 100
Evolution of life history strategies, 100
7 SEX, COURTSHIP AND MATING, 107
Sex determination, 108
Local mate competition and avoidance of inbreeding
Sex allocation 110
Protandry and virginity 112
Thelytoky and cytoplasmic incompatibility 113
Mate location, 117
Courtship, 119
Swarming and lekking, 120
Mating position, 121
Multiple mating and sperm competition, 121
Sex-related scent glands 123
Genome size and recombination 125
Cytogenetics 125
8 HOST LOCATION, ASSOCIATIVE
LEARNING AND HOST ASSESSMENT,
Tritrophic interactions, 129
Host acceptance 130
Associative learning 130
Biosensors 134
Patch use, 134
9 OVERCOMING HOST IMMUNE REACTION
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
WITH HOST, 137
Overcoming host immunity in endoparasitoids, 138
Passive evasion of encapsulation by parasitoid eggs,
Avoiding encapsulation by physical means, 139
Effect of host age and haemocyte number, 141
Other host defence mechanisms 141
Venoms 141
Neurophysiological venom actions 143
Venom effects on host immune response, 144
Polydnaviruses, 145
Effects of polydnaviruses on hosts, 152
Other reproductive viruses ] 55
Improving host quality, 156
Host castration and similar effects 156
Teratocytes 158
Intraspecific variation in resistance to parasitoids 159
Effects on host moulting pattern 160
Parasitoid-induced changes in host behaviour 160
10 CONVERGENT ADAPTATIONS, 163
Antennal hammers and vibrational
sounding, 164
Enlarged mandibles 167
Chisel-like mandibles, 168
Concealed nectar extraction apparatus, 168
Reduced number of palpal segments 169
Facial protruberances 169
Frontal depressions, 170
Dorsal ridges on head or mesosoma 170
Brachyptery and aptery, 170
Dorso-ventral flattening, 17 1
Postpectal carina, 173
Propodeal spines, 173
Fossorial legs 173
Fore tibial spines, 174
Fore tibial apical tooth, 174
Expanded hind basitarsi, 174
Toothed hind femur, 174
Distitarsal scraper 175
Pectinate claws and claws with angular basal lobes
Glabrous wing patches and wing membrane
scleromes 176
Carapacisation 177
Petiolate metasomas 177
Modifications to the posterior metasomal
margin, 178
Spermathecal colour, 179
Contents ix
Compression of apical part of metasoma, 179
The ophionoid facies , 179
White antennal stripes and tips 180
White ovipositor sheath stripes and tips 181
Number of larval instars, 182
Egg-larval parasitism 182
Disc-like larval antennae 182
Reduction of larval hypostomal spur 183
Wide and heavily sclerotised larvahepistoma, ] 84
Suspended cocoons 184 fi
Polyembryony, 184
Phytophagy and cecidogenesis 184
PART 2 TAXONOMIC AND SYSTEMATIC
TREATMENT, 187
11 OVERVIEW OF ICHNEUMONOIDEA:
RELATIONSHIPS AND SYSTEMATICS,
Monophyly of Ichneumonoidea, Ichneumonidae and
Braconidae, 190
Relationship of Ichneumonoidea to other
Hymenoptera 190
Fossil history and family-level phylogeny 192
Brief history of classification, 194
Ancestral biology of Ichneumonoidea, 196
Separating ichneumonids from braconids 197
Identifying specimens, 198
12 PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
OF THE BRACONIDAE, 201
Historical perspective 202
Morphophylogenetic hypotheses, 202
Molecular phylogenetics, 204
Braconid classification, 205
Eoichneumoninaet, 205
Trachypetiformes, 205
Trachypetinae, 205
Cyclostomes incertae sedis, 209
Protorhyssalinae et al 209
Apozyginae, 210
The aphidioid clade or Gondwanan complex 212
Aphidiinae, 212
Maxfischeriinae, 224
Mesostoinae (including Canberreriini and
Hydrangeocolini), 225
The remaining cyclostomes, 229
Doryctinae (including Ypsistocerini), 231
Pambolinae 236
Rhysipolinae 237
Rhyssalinac 238
Rogadinae sl, Hormiinae Lysiterminae, 243
Betylobraconinae, 243
Hormiinae 243
Lysiterminae 245
Rogadinae scnsu stricto, 246
Alysioid subcomplex, including Braconinae,
Alysiinae and Opiinae, 250
Alysiinae, 251
General Alysiinae biology, 251
Alysiini, 253
Dacnusini, 255
Opiinae, 256
Braconinae 260
Exothecinae 269
Gnamptodontinae (= Gnaptodontinae), 270
Telengaiinae 271
The non-cyclostomes, 271
Sigalphoid complex, 271
Agathidinae, 272
Sigalphinae 275
Helconoid complex, 278
Helconinae, 279
Helconoid group incertae sedis, 281
Blacinae, 282
Acampsohelconinae 283
Macrocentrine subcomplex, 284
Macrocentrinae 284
Charmontiinae, 287
Amicrocentrinae, 287
Xiphozelinae 288
Homolobinae 290
Microtypinae 292
Orgilinae, 292
Euphoroid complex, 294
Euphorinae, 294
Cenocoeliinae, 310
The microgastroids, 311
Cardiochilinae, 312
Cheloninae (including Adeliini) 315
Dirrhopinae, 319
Ichneutinae 320
Khoikhoiinae 322
x Contents
Mendesellinae, 322
Microgastrinae, 322
Miracinae, 335
Unplaced subfamilies, 335
Masoninae, 335
Meteorideinae, 337
13 PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
OF THE ICHNEUMONIDAE, 341
History of ichneumonid classification, 342
Henry Townes (1913-90) and his idiosyncratic
nomenclature, 344
The extinct subfamilies, 344
Tanychorinae 344
Palaeoichneumoninaet, 346
Labenopimplinaet, 348
Pherombinae* 349
Townesitinaet, 349
The xoridiformes, 349
Xoridinae 349
The labeniformes, 353
Labeninae, 353
Groteini, 355
Labenini, 355
Poecilocryptini, 356
The pimpliformes, 356
Acaenitinae, 356
Collyriinae, 359
Cylloceriinae, 360
Diacritinae, 360
Diplazontinae, 361
, Orthocentrinae (= Helictinae) 366
Pimplinae 367
Delomeristini 369
Ephialtini (= Pimplini of Townes) 369
i Polysphincta group 371
Pimplini, 373
Poemeniinae (= Neoxoridinae), 378
Poemeniini, 378
Pseudorhyssini, 3 78
Rodrigamini, 378
Rhyssinae, 3 79
The ichneumoniformes, 383
Adelognathinae, 383
Agriotypinae 385
Alomyinae, 387
Cryptinae, 388
Aptesini, 391
Cryptini, 391
Phygadeuontini 393
[chneumoninae, 394
The brachycyrtiformes, 398
Brachycyrtinae, 398
Claseinae (Clasinae) 398
Pedunculinae, 399
The orthopelmatiformes, 400
Orthopelmatinae, 400
The ophioniformes, 400
Lower ophioniformes 402
Banchinae, 402
Lycorininae 406
Sisyrostolinae, 407
Stilbopinae 407
Tryphoninae 411
Middle ophioniformes, 416
Ctenopelmaiinae, 416
Mesochorinae 421
Metopiinae, 422
Oxytorinae 424
Tatogastrinae, 425
Tersilochinae (including
Neorhacodinae and
Phrudinae s s ), 426
Higher ophioniformes 430
Anomaloninae 430
Campopleginae 432
Cremastinae 438
Hybrizontinae, 439
Nesomesochorinae, 442
Ophioninae 442
Unplaced subfamilies 445
Eucerotinae, 445
Microleptinae, 447
PART 3 ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY, 451
14 ECOLOGY, 453
Adult diet, 454
Host-feeding, 454
Water, sugar and pollen feeding, 457
Fecundity 460
Voltinism and seasonality, 462
Daily activity patterns, 462
Diapause, 463
Cold hardiness, hibernation and overwintering, 465
Coloration and thermoregulation, 467
Biological control, 467
Effect on host food consumption 471
Contents xi
Artificial diets, 474
Artificial hosts, 475
Use of alternative hosts, 475
Hyperparasitism and kleptoparasitism, 476
Predation, 477
Pathogens, 477
Transmission of host pathogens, 479
Dispersal, 480
Coloration and mimetic rings 480
Palatability and odours, 481
Competition, 482
Apparent competition, 482
Host ranges of parasitoids, 483
Parasitoid guilds and food webs, 484
Evolution of host ranges and speciation, 486
15 LOCAL AND GLOBAL PATTERNS IN
DIVERSITY, 489
Field research in the tropics and anomalous diversity
Estimation of global ichneumonoid species richness
Distribution related to climate and latitude
The nasty host hypothesis 49 7
Biogeography, 503
Islands and their parasitoid faunas, 505
Species accumulation curves 506
Altitudinal gradients 507
Estimating local species diversity 508
Ichneumonoidea as biodiversity indicators 510
Conservation, 510
Effect of habitat degradation on ichneumonoid
composition 511
Significance of cryptic species 511
16 COLLECTING AND REARING
ICHNEUMONOIDEA, 513
Field collecting adults, 516
Pan traps 518
Sweep netting, 519
Light trapping, 521
Canopy fogging, 521
Malaise traps 521
Rearings from wild-collected hosts, 523
Rearing leaf rollers and tiers, 524
Substrate rearings, 524
Culturing, 524
Mating in captivity, 525
Mass rearing, 525
Mounting specimens for taxonomic study, 526
Preparing specimens from alcohol storage,
Direct pinning 527
Side gluing 52 7
Card rectangles and card points, 52 7
Secondary staging, 528
Labelling, 528
Preserving specimens for DNA analysis, 528
Packaging and posting specimens to other workers,
17 EPILOGUE, 533
Phylogenetic questions 534
Host and parasitism questions, 534
Physiological questions 535
Ecological questions 536
Glossary, 539
References, 547
Author index, 633
General index, 65 3
Host index 659
Ichneumonoid genus, tribe and subfamily
index, 665
Ichneumonoidea species index, 677
COLOR PLATE SECTIONS ARE INSERTED
BETWEEN PAGES NOTED BELOW
First 12-page colour plate section (between pages 112
and 113)
Second 12-page colour plate section (between pages
208 and 209)
Third 12-page colour plate section (between pages
336 and 337)
Fourth 16-page colour plate section (between pages
432 and 433)
|
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| spelling | Quicke, Donald L. J. Verfasser aut The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology Donald L. J. Quicke Chichester Wiley Blackwell 2015 XV, 681 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027853133&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Quicke, Donald L. J. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |
| title | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |
| title_auth | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |
| title_exact_search | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |
| title_full | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology Donald L. J. Quicke |
| title_fullStr | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology Donald L. J. Quicke |
| title_full_unstemmed | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology, systematics, evolution and ecology Donald L. J. Quicke |
| title_short | The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps |
| title_sort | the braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps biology systematics evolution and ecology |
| title_sub | biology, systematics, evolution and ecology |
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