Resonance: applications in physical science
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Imperial College Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781783265381 9781783265398 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Resonance |b applications in physical science |c Michael M. Woolfson |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Imperial College Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 243 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Resonance | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153067013144576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
R
Introduction xi
Chapter 1. Simple Harmonic Motion, Damping and Resonance 1
1.1 Simple Harmonic Motion .................... 1
1.1.1 A mass on a vertical spring........ 1
1.1.2 The simple pendulum ................. 4
1.1.3 The energy of simple harmonic
motion............................... 5
1.2 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion.............. 7
1.2.1 Light damping ....................... 8
1.2.2 Heavy damping........................ 9
1.2.3 Critical damping.................... 10
1.3 Forced Vibration and Resonance............ 11
Problems 1.................................... 14
Chapter 2. Resonance in Everyday Life 17
2.1 A Girl on a Swing......................... 17
2.2 The Opera Singer and the Wine Glass .... 18
2.3 Bridges................................... 20
2.3.1 The Broughton Suspension Bridge . . 21
2.3.2 The Millennium Bridge, London .... 22
2.4 Washboard Roads .......................... 23
2.5 Buildings and Earthquakes ................ 25
2.6 Resonance and Musical Instruments..........27
2.6.1 Resonance of air in a pipe.......... 27
2.6.2 Resonance in a string............... 31
2.6.3 The violin.......................... 32
v
vi Resonance: Applications in Physical Science
Chapter 3. Electrical Circuits and Resonance 35
3.1 Direct-Current Circuits .................... 35
3.2 Expressing an Alternating Potential
Difference................................... 36
3.3 Complex Impedances........................... 37
3.3.1 Inductors ............................. 37
3.3.2 Capacitors............................. 39
3.4 A Series LCR Resonance Circuit.............. 41
3.5 A Parallel LCR Resonance Circuit............. 43
Problems 3........................................ 47
Chapter 4. Resonance in the Solar System 49
4.1 Kirkwood Gaps................................ 49
4.2 Saturn’s Rings ............................ . 54
4.3 Volcanoes on the Satellite Io................ 58
4.3.1 Elastic hysteresis and Q values .... 59
4.3.2 Elliptical orbits...................... 60
4.3.3 The generation of energy in Io
by tidal stressing..................... 62
4.4 Commensurabilities of Planetary and
Satellite Orbits............................. 65
4.4.1 Planetary commensurabilities........... 65
4.4.2 The commensurabilities of the
Galilean satellites.................... 70
4.4.3 The commensurabilities of some
of Saturn’s satellites................. 72
4.4.4 The Trojan asteroids................... 74
Problems 4....................................... 78
Chapter 5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 81
5.1 A Brief Review of the Structure of Atoms . . 81
5.2 Intrinsic Spins and Magnetic Moments .... 82
5.2.1 Orientation of nuclei in a magnetic
field.................................. 84
5.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)............. 87
Contents
vii
5.3.1 Larmor precession .................... 88
5.3.2 The basic physics of the MRI
process............................... 91
5.3.3 Fourier transforms.................... 95
5.3.4 The MRI procedure..................... 97
5.4 Other Applications of NMR...................102
Problems 5........................................102
Chapter 6. Electron Spin Resonance 105
6.1 The Electronic Structure of Molecules
and Free Radicals............................105
6.1.1 The electronic structure of atoms . . .105
6.1.2 The electronic structure
of molecules..........................108
6.1.3 The electronic structure of free
radicals ........................... 110
6.2 The Basic Theory of Electron Spin
Resonance....................................Ill
6.3 The Form and Use of an ESR
Spectrometer.................................114
6.4 ESR Spectra .................................115
6.4.1 ESR spectra for a single neighbouring
nucleus with nuclear spin.............116
6.4.2 Many nuclei in equivalent
positions.............................119
6.4.3 Two sets of non-equivalent nuclei ... 120
Problems 6........................................122
Chapter 7. Resonance with Electromagnetic Radiation 123
7.1 Fraunhofer Lines.............................123
7.1.1 Energy levels in atoms.............. 123
7.1.2 Atomic spectra........................124
7.1.3 Formation of Fraunhofer lines.........126
7.2 Lasers.......................................126
7.2.1 Spontaneous and stimulated
emission..............................127
viii Resonance: Applications in Physical Science
7.2.2 A simple laser system and uses
of lasers.............................130
7.3 Radar........................................131
7.3.1 The klystron amplifier................133
7.3.2 The cavity magnetron..................135
7.4 The Anomalous Scattering of X-rays...........136
7.4.1 Scattering from a free electron.......137
7.4.2 Scattering from a bound
electron .............................138
Problems 7.......................................143
Chapter 8. Nuclear Physics, Radiation and Particle Physics 145
8.1 The Beginning of Nuclear Physics.............145
8.2 The Cockcroft-Walton Experiment .............147
8.3 The Cyclotron ...............................149
8.3.1 Maintaining resonance.................153
8.3.2 Overcoming special relativity
effects...............................154
8.4 Linear Particle Accelerators.................155
8.5 Synchrotrons.................................157
8.6 Particles and Particle Colliders.............160
8.6.1 The neutrino .........................161
8.6.2 Leptons...............................161
8.6.3 Quarks and sub-atomic particles . . . 162
8.6.4 Particle colliders ...................164
Problems 8.......................................166
Chapter 9. The Mossbauer Effect 169
9.1 The Basis of the Mossbauer Effect............169
9.2 Natural Line-Widths..........................169
9.3 Doppler Broadening...........................170
9.4 The Effect of Recoil.........................172
9.5 Nuclear Emission of 7-rays ..................174
9.6 Factors Affecting 7-Ray Emission.............175
9.6.1 Natural line-width for 7-rays ........175
9.6.2 Doppler line broadening for 7-rays . . 176
Contents ix
9.6.3 The recoil frequency shift
for 7-rays...........................176
9.7 Mossbauer Spectroscopy.....................177
9.7.1 Experimental equipment...............178
9.8 Spectral Features..........................179
9.8.1 Isomer shift.........................180
9.8.2 Quadrupole splitting.................180
9.8.3 Magnetic splitting ..................182
9.9 Information from Mossbauer Spectroscopy . . 183
Problem 9.......................................184
Appendix I The Binomial Theorem and Approximations 187
Appendix II A Program for Simulating Kirkwood
Gap Formation 191
Appendix III A Program for Finding the Orbits
of Trojan Asteroids 197
Physical Constants and Useful Data 205
Solutions to Examples and Problems 207
Index 239
RESONANCE
Applications in Physical Science
This book explores a large number of resonance effects that occur both in everyday life and in scientific contexts. It is a topic that provides a cross-link between many branches of science and shows how a single scientific principle can manifest itself in many, apparently disparate, ways.
Resonance covers fields as diverse as civil engineering in relation to the safety of bridges, the quality of sound from musical instruments, the behaviour of electrical circuits, lasers, the orbits of solar-system bodies, the scattering of X-rays from atoms and the exploration of the structures of molecules, atoms and nuclei.
The essential mathematics included should be accessible to any science undergraduate, no matter the discipline of their study. Problems and solutions are provided for every chapter to help reinforce understanding of the material.
|
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| physical | XIII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Woolfson, Michael M. 1927-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)133390403 aut Resonance applications in physical science Michael M. Woolfson London Imperial College Press 2015 XIII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Resonance Resonanz (DE-588)4132123-6 gnd rswk-swf Resonanz (DE-588)4132123-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027843447&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027843447&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Woolfson, Michael M. 1927-2019 Resonance applications in physical science Resonance Resonanz (DE-588)4132123-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4132123-6 |
| title | Resonance applications in physical science |
| title_auth | Resonance applications in physical science |
| title_exact_search | Resonance applications in physical science |
| title_full | Resonance applications in physical science Michael M. Woolfson |
| title_fullStr | Resonance applications in physical science Michael M. Woolfson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resonance applications in physical science Michael M. Woolfson |
| title_short | Resonance |
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| title_sub | applications in physical science |
| topic | Resonance Resonanz (DE-588)4132123-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Resonance Resonanz |
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