Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law: a comparative analysis
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland
Intersentia
[2014]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 385 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781780682174 1780682174 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law |b a comparative analysis |c Janneke Gerards, Joseph Fleuren (eds.) ; [contributors Prof. Dr. T. (Thomas) Bull [und 9 weitere]] |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland |b Intersentia |c [2014] | |
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention |f 1950 November 4 |0 (DE-588)4015727-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 4 | |a International law and human rights | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Fleuren, J. W. A. |d 1963- |0 (DE-588)173757936 |4 edt |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS VII
CONTRIBUTORS XVII
ABBREVIATIONS XIX
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
1
CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE NATIONAL COURTS:
GIVING SHAPE TO THE NOTION OF 'SHARED RESPONSIBILITY'
JANNEKE GERARDS 13
CHAPTER 3. BELGIUM
GUAN
SCHAIKO,
PAUL
LEMMENS
AND KOEN
LEMMENS
95
CHAPTER 4. FRANCE
CELINE LAGEOT 145
CHAPTER 5. GERMANY
ECKART KLEIN 185
CHAPTER 6. THE NETHERLANDS
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
217
CHAPTER 7. SWEDEN
IAIN
CAMERON
AND THOMAS
BULL
261
CHAPTER 8. THE UNITED KINGDOM
ROGER
MASTERMAN
297
CHAPTER 9. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
333
APPENDIX 375
INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS V
CONTRIBUTORS XVII
ABBREVIATIONS XIX
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
1
1. EVOLUTIVE INTERPRETATION, NATIONAL COURTS AND THE LEGITIMACY OF THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1
1.1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCES OF NATIONAL COURTS TO IMPLEMENT
THE COURT'S CASE-LAW 6
1.2. MAIN RESEARCH QUESTIONS 8
2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 9
2.1. OVERALL APPROACH 9
2.2. THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: SELECTION OF STATES AND APPROACH 10
2.2.1. SELECTION OF STATES 10
2.2.2. APPROACH OF THE COMPARATIVE STUDY 11
3. OUTLINE OF THE BOOK 11
CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE NATIONAL COURTS:
GIVING SHAPE TO THE NOTION OF 'SHARED RESPONSIBILITY'
JANNEKE GERARDS 13
1. INTRODUCTION 13
2. THE COURT'S RAISON D'ETRE 15
2.1. INTRODUCTION 15
2.2. FUNCTIONS AND TASKS OF THE COURT 15
2.3. SUBSIDIARITY, PRIMARITY AND DIVERSITY 17
2.4. THE 'PUSH' AND 'PULL' FACTORS IN THE COURT'S WORK 19
3. THE SHARED RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COURT AND THE NATIONAL COURTS 21
3.1. INTRODUCTION 21
3.2. ERGA OMNES EFFECT AND RES INTERPRETATA 21
3.3. THE NATIONAL COURTS' OBLIGATION TO COMPLY WITH THE CONVENTION
AND THE COURT'S INTERPRETATIONS 23
3.4. THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION DOCTRINE AND ITS (IR)RELEVANCE FOR
NATIONAL COURTS 27
INTERSENTIA VII
CONTENTS
3.4.1. DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION
DOCTRINE FOR THE COURT 27
3.4.2. INFLUENCE OF THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION DOCTRINE FOR
NATIONAL DECISION MAKING 31
3.5. 'SHARED RESPONSIBILITY': THE NATIONAL COURTS AND THE ECTHR AS
PARTNERS IN GUARANTEEING THE CONVENTION 32
4. GIVING SHAPE TO SHARED RESPONSIBILITY: PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF
INTERPRETATION 35
4.1. INTRODUCTION 35
4.2. BASICS OF CONVENTION INTERPRETATION 36
4.2.1. EVOLUTIVE AND CONSENSUS INTERPRETATION 36
4.2.2. PRACTICAL AND EFFECTIVE RIGHTS AND META-TELEOLOGICAL
INTERPRETATION 37
4.2.3. AUTONOMOUS INTERPRETATION 39
4.3. STRATEGIC USE OF INTERPRETATIVE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF
INTERPRETATION 40
4.4. CRITICISM 41
4.4.1. META-TELEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND THE RISK OF
OVERREACHING 41
4.4.2. THE DISADVANTAGES OF CONSENSUS INTERPRETATION 44
4.4.3. THE PROBLEMS OF AUTONOMOUS INTERPRETATION 45
4.5. ENHANCING SHARED RESPONSIBILITY? 46
4.5.1. INTRODUCTION 46
4.5.2. LACK OF CONSENSUS: DELIBERATE CHOICE OF A NON-AUTONOMOUS
APPROACH 47
4.5.3. DEPENDENCY, OR THE 'IN FOR A PENNY, IN FOR A POUND'
APPROACH 49
4.6. CONCLUSION 51
5. PROCEDURAL REVIEW AND 'JUDICIAL MINIMALISM' 52
5.1. INTRODUCTION: SUBSTANTIVE REVIEW AND THE NEED FOR A RESPONSE 52
5.2. PROCEDURAL REVIEW 52
5.2.1. ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF PROCEDURAL REVIEW 52
5.2.2. GOING TOO FAR? 56
5.2.3. THE COURT'S RESPONSE 59
5.2.4. CONCLUSION 62
5.3. JUDICIAL MINIMALISM: SHALLOW, NARROW AND ANALOGICAL REASONING. 62
5.3.1. INTRODUCTION 62
5.3.2. SHALLOW REASONING 63
5.3.3. NARROW REASONING, ANALOGICAL REASONING AND GENERAL
PRINCIPLES 66
5.3.4. DISADVANTAGES OF JUDICIAL MINIMALISM 69
5.4. CONCLUSION 70
VU1
INTERSENTIR
CONTENTS
6. JUDICIAL DIALOGUE 71
6.1. INTRODUCTION 71
6.2. DIALOGUE BY MEANS OF JUDGMENTS 73
6.2.1. SOME BACKGROUND: CONSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE AND DIALOGUE
BETWEEN COURTS 73
6.2.2. DIALOGUE AT THE ECTHR: RESPONSE TO CRITICISM AND
CONCERNS EXPRESSED IN DOMESTIC JUDGMENTS 75
6.2.3. APPROVAL OF NATIONAL RESPONSES TO THE COURT'S JUDGMENTS . 78
6.2.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL DIALOGUE BY MEANS OF
JUDGMENTS 80
6.2.5. CONCLUSION 82
6.3. FORMAL AND INFORMAL DIALOGUE BETWEEN JUDGES; ADVISORY
OPINIONS 82
6.3.1. EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION BETWEEN COURTS 82
6.3.2. ADVISORY OPINIONS 84
6.4. CONCLUSION 85
7. DIALOGUE AND NATIONAL POLITICAL AND MEDIA CRITICISM 86
8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 88
ANNEX: QUESTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEWS AT THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN
RIGHTS 90
CHAPTER 3. BELGIUM
GUAN
SCHAIKO,
PAUL
LEMMENS
AND KOEN
LEMMENS
95
1. CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND 95
2. STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN DOMESTIC LAW 100
2.1. EFFECTS OF TREATY PROVISIONS AND DECISIONS OF SUPRANATIONAL
BODIES IN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDER 100
2.2. PRIMACY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW OVER DOMESTIC LAW 104
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW 106
3.1. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 106
3.1.1. A PRIORI REVIEW BY THE COUNCIL OF STATE 106
3.1.2. EX POST CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 107
3.1.2.1. LEGISLATIVE ACTS 107
3.1.2.2. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 109
3.2. REVIEW FOR CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW 110
3.2.1. LEGISLATIVE ACTS 110
3.2.2. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 113
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
BY NATIONAL COURTS 113
4.1. THE DIRECT EFFECT OF THE ECHR IN THE BELGIAN LEGAL ORDER 113
4.2. THE PRACTICE OF THE BELGIAN COURTS 116
4.2.1. PRACTICE WITH RESPECT TO LEGISLATIVE ACTS 116
INTERSENTIA IX
\
CONTENTS
4.2.2. PRACTICE WITH RESPECT TO ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 118
4.3. INTERPRETATION OF DOMESTIC LAW IN CONFORMITY WITH THE
CONVENTION H9
5. THE IMPACT OF ECTHR JUDGMENTS ON NATIONAL JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING .
123
5.1. INCORPORATION OF ECTHR CASE-LAW INTO DOMESTIC CASE-LAW 123
5.2. RESPONSE TO JUDGMENTS OF THE ECTHR AGAINST BELGIUM 127
5.3. RESPONSE TO ECTHR'S JUDGMENTS AGAINST STATES OTHER THAN
BELGIUM 129
5.4. HORIZONTAL APPLICATION OF THE ECHR 131
5.5. BELGIAN COURTS AND THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION DOCTRINE 135
5.6. BELGIAN COURTS AND THE USE OF GENERAL STANDARDS DEVELOPED
BY THE ECTHR 137
5.7. BELGIAN COURTS AND SOME OF THE SPECIFIC INTERPRETATIVE TECHNIQUES
ADOPTED BY THE ECTHR 138
6. LEGITIMACY OF THE ECTHR AS AN ISSUE IN PUBLIC DEBATE? 139
7. CONCLUSION 141
CHAPTER 4. FRANCE
CELINE LAGEOT 145
1. INTRODUCTION: A BRIEF CHARACTERISATION OF THE FRENCH CONSTITUTIONAL
SYSTEM 145
1.1. SEPARATION AND BALANCE OF POWERS 145
1.2. UNITARINESS AND DECENTRALISATION 147
1.3. ORGANISATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER 148
1.4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 151
2. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW IN FRANCE: THE ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL
COUNCIL 152
3. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE ECHR IN THE FRENCH
CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER 155
3.1. MONISM AND THE BINDING CHARACTER OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 155
3.2. STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE HIERARCHY OF NORMS 156
3.3. THE DIRECT EFFECT OF THE ECHR AND ITS SUBSTANTIVE PROTOCOLS 157
4. JUDICIAL COMPETENCES TO REVIEW THE COMPATIBILITY OF NORMS WITH
INTERNATIONAL LAW 158
4.1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DECENTRALISED 'CONVENTIONALITY' REVIEW 158
4.2. THE ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL: A PRIORI REVIEW 160
4.3. THE COMPETENCE OF THE COURTS TO GIVE PRIORITY TO INTERNATIONAL
LAW 161
5. THE APPLICATION OF ECHR PROVISIONS BY FRENCH COURTS 162
5.1. REVIEW OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS FOR COMPATIBILITY
WITH THE ECHR 163
INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
5.2. CONSTRUING NATIONAL LAW IN HARMONY WITH THE ECHR 165
5.2.1. THE CONSTITUTION AS A VEHICLE TO CONSTRUE NATIONAL LAW
IN HARMONY WITH THE ECHR 165
5.2.2. EU LAW AS A VEHICLE TO CONSTRUE NATIONAL LAW IN HARMONY
WITH THE ECHR 165
5.3. FRENCH COURTS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE ECHR PROVISIONS IN
CASES BETWEEN PRIVATE PARTIES 166
5.4. CONCLUSION 167
6. EFFECTS OF THE ECTHR CASE-LAW ON NATIONAL CASE-LAW, LEGISLATION AND
LEGAL PRACTICE 168
6.1. INTRODUCTION 168
6.2. REFERRING TO STRASBOURG CASE-LAW AND COMPLYING WITH THE
ECTHR'S REQUIREMENTS 169
6.3. RESPONSES TO JUDGMENTS AGAINST FRANCE 170
6.3.1. CHANGING INTERPRETATION AND CASE-LAW 170
6.3.2. LIABILITY CLAIMS 173
6.3.3. REOPENING OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 173
6.4. RESPONSES TO ECTHR JUDGMENTS AGAINST OTHER STATES 174
6.5. RUNNING AHEAD OR STAYING IN LINE? 174
6.6. LIMITATIONS AND RELUCTANCE TO FOLLOW THE STRASBOURG CASE-LAW .
175
6.6.1. LEGISLATIVE DISCRETION AND DEFERENCE 176
6.6.2. INTERPRETATIVE RESERVATIONS 177
6.7. DEGREE OF INFLUENCE: ADOPTION OF'TYPICAL' ECTHR METHODS OF
REVIEW? 178
6.8. CONCLUSION 181
7. THE ROLE AND POSITION OF THE ECTHR DEBATED IN THE COUNTRY 181
8. CONCLUSION 183
CHAPTER 5. GERMANY
ECKART KLEIN 185
1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM 185
1.1. BASICS 185
1.2. FEDERAL ORGANS 185
1.3. THE FEDERATION AND THE LANDER 186
1.4. THE COURT SYSTEM 186
1.5. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL 187
1.6. CONSTITUTIONAL OPENNESS TO INTERNATIONAL LAW 189
2. STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN DOMESTIC LAW 189
2.1. POSITION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN GERMAN LAW 189
2.2. INCORPORATION THEORIES 190
2.3. EU LAW 191
2.4. EMANATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 191
INTERSENTIA XI
CONTENTS
2.5. INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE DOMESTIC HIERARCHY OF NORMS 192
2.6. SUMMARY: A MODERATELY DUALIST SYSTEM 193
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW 193
3.1. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW: THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL
COURT 193
3.2. EX POST REVIEW AS PRINCIPLE 194
3.3. POSSIBLE COLLISIONS BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC LAW 195
4.4. DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 196
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
BY NATIONAL COURTS 196
4.1. DIRECT APPLICABILITY OF CONVENTION RIGHTS 196
4.2. INVOCABILITY OF CONVENTION RIGHTS 198
4.3. HARMONISING INTERPRETATION OF DOMESTIC LAW 199
4.4. INVALIDATION OF DOMESTIC LAW CONFLICTING WITH THE CONVENTION?.
202
5. THE IMPACT OF THE JUDGMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN
RIGHTS ON NATIONAL JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING 203
5.1. STATUS OF ECTHR JUDGMENTS IN NATIONAL LAW 203
5.2. REACTION TO JUDGMENTS DIRECTED AGAINST GERMANY 204
5.3. REACTIONS TO JUDGMENTS NOT DIRECTED AGAINST GERMANY 206
5.4. MEANING OF 'TAKING INTO ACCOUNT' OF THE ECTHR JUDGMENTS 206
5.5. THE PROBLEM OF DRITTWIRKUNG. 208
5.6. MARGIN OF APPRECIATION DOCTRINE 209
5.7. REFLECTIONS OF STANDARDS AND METHODS USED BY THE ECTHR IN
DOMESTIC LAW 210
6. LEGITIMACY DEBATES: THE ECTHR AND THE NATIONAL COURTS 211
6.1. DISCUSSION ON THE ROLE OF THE ECTHR IN GERMANY 211
6.2. DISCUSSIONS DE LEGEFERENDA 212
7. CONCLUSIONS 213
7.1. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
AND THE IMPACT OF THE CONVENTION AND THE ECTHR JUDGMENTS 213
7.2. PRIMARY ROLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL BASIC RIGHTS IN DAILY PRACTICE 214
7.3. IMPACT OF THE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THE ECTHR ON
NATIONAL CASE-LAW 215
7.4. RELATION BETWEEN THE DEBATE ON THE ECTHR AND THE DOMESTIC
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 216
CHAPTER 6. THE NETHERLANDS
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
217
1. INTRODUCTION: CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND 217
2. STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN DOMESTIC LAW 220
2.1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM FOR GIVING EFFECT TO INTERNATIONAL LAW.
220
2.2. SELF-EXECUTING PROVISIONS 223
XU
INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
2.3. JUDICIAL RESTRAINT 225
2.4. JUDICIAL TECHNIQUES 227
2.5. HORIZONTAL EFFECT 227
2.6. INTERNATIONAL LAW WHICH IS NOT EMBODIED IN SELF-EXECUTING
PROVISIONS 229
2.7. EU LAW 230
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW 231
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
BY THE DUTCH COURTS 234
5. THE IMPACT OF THE JUDGMENTS OF THE ECTHR ON NATIONAL JUDICIAL
DECISION MAKING 236
5.1. INTRODUCTION 236
5.2. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE DUTCH COURTS OF A JUDGMENT AGAINST THE
NETHERLANDS: RE-OPENING AND LIABILITY 237
5.3. COMPLYING WITH THE JUDGMENTS AND DECISIONS OF THE ECTHR 239
5.3.1. APPLICATION OF STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY THE ECTHR 239
5.3.2. IMPACT OF THE COURT'S STANDARDS - HORIZONTAL EFFECT 241
5.4. 'MINIMALIST' READINGS OF ECTHR PRECEDENTS AND TRANSLATION OF
STANDARDS 242
5.5. TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY AND THE LIMITED
JUDICIAL COMPETENCES 244
5.5.1. REFUSING TO SET ASIDE LEGISLATION AND ORDER CHANGES OF
LEGISLATION 244
5.5.2. THE DUTCH 'MIRROR PRINCIPLE' APPROACH 245
5.5.3. VARYING THE INTENSITY OF REVIEW: DEFERENCE AND JUDICIAL
RESTRAINT 246
5.5.4. THE ROLE OF THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION DOCTRINE 249
5.6. CONCLUSION 250
6. DEBATES ABOUT THE ECTHR AND THE NATIONAL COURTS 251
6.1. DEVELOPMENT AND LOCUS OF THE DUTCH DEBATE ON THE ROLE OF
THE COURT 251
6.2. EFFECTS OF THE DEBATE 254
6.3. CONCLUSION 256
7. CONCLUSIONS 256
CHAPTER 7. SWEDEN
IAIN
CAMERON
AND THOMAS
BULL
261
1. INTRODUCTION: CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND 261
1.1. GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE 261
1.2. ORGANISATION OF THE JUDICIARY 263
1.3. PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 265
INTERSENTIA XIII
\
CONTENTS
2. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN DOMESTIC LAW 266
3. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 270
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
BY SWEDISH COURTS 274
5. THE IMPACT OF THE JUDGMENTS OF THE ECTHR ON NATIONAL JUDICIAL
DECISION MAKING 276
5.1. THE ECHR AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIVE TECHNIQUES 276
5.2. THE PRACTICAL IMPACT OF ECTHR CASE-LAW, PARTICULARLY AS
REGARDS CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 278
5.3. RESPONSES TO BREACHES OF THE ECHR 283
5.4. HORIZONTAL EFFECTS 286
6. LEGITIMACY DEBATES: THE ECTHR AND THE NATIONAL COURTS 287
6.1. SOME BACKGROUND 287
6.2. PUBLIC DEBATE REGARDING THE ROLE OF COURTS 288
6.3. MORE ON THE POLITICAL AND ACADEMIC DEBATE 290
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 294
CHAPTER 8. THE UNITED KINGDOM
ROGER
MASTERMAN
297
1. INTRODUCTION 297
2. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 301
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW AND THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 302
3.1. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW - AN ALIEN CONCEPT 302
3.2. CIVIL LIBERTIES 304
3.3. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMON LAW RIGHTS 305
3.4. TOWARDS PROTO-CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 306
3.4.1. THE INFLUENCE OF EU LAW 306
3.4.2. THE INFLUENCE OF THE ECHR 307
4. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECHR BY NATIONAL COURTS 308
4.1. THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT SCHEME 308
4.2. THE RANGE OF PROTECTED RIGHTS 310
4.3. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW UNDER THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 311
4.3.1. INTERPRETATION 311
4.3.2. DECLARATIONS OF INCOMPATIBILITY 313
4.4. HORIZONTALITY 315
4.5. THE EXTENT OF JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT POWERS 317
5. THE IMPACT OF ECTHR DECISIONS ON JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING 318
5.1. THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NATIONAL LAWS AND THE CONVENTION
RIGHTS 318
5.2. THE 'MIRROR' PRINCIPLE 322
5.3. THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION AND DEFERENCE 324
XIV
INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
6. LEGITIMACY DEBATES: THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND
NATIONAL AUTHORITIES 327
7. CONCLUSIONS 330
CHAPTER 9. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
JANNEKE
GERARDS
AND JOSEPH
FLEUREN
333
1. INTRODUCTION 333
2. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, IN PARTICULAR THE ECHR, IN THE
DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDERS 335
2.1. MONIST AND DUALIST TRADITIONS 335
2.2. A NOTE ON THE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 337
2.3. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, IN PARTICULAR THE ECHR, IN THE
STATES UNDER REVIEW 338
2.3.1. QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED 338
2.3.2. IMPLEMENTATION OF (THE CONTENT OF) INTERNATIONAL LEGAL
NORMS IN THE NATIONAL LEGAL ORDER 339
2.3.2.1. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 339
2.3.2.2. TREATIES 340
2.3.2.3. DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 341
2.3.3. DIRECT EFFECT 341
2.3.3.1. THE NOTION OF DIRECT EFFECT OR SELF-EXECUTING
PROVISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 341
2.3.3.2. DIRECT EFFECT OF THE ECHR 343
2.3.3.3. ORDERS TO LEGISLATE 344
2.3.3.4. SELF-EXECUTING PROVISIONS AND HORIZONTAL EFFECT. 345
2.3.4. HIERARCHY AND COMPETENCE TO REVIEW NATIONAL
LEGISLATION FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW 346
2.3.5. HARMONIOUS INTERPRETATION AND CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW. 347
2.4. CONCLUSION 348
3. DEALING WITH THE JUDGMENTS AND DECISIONS OF THE COURT 349
3.1. INTRODUCTION 349
3.2. THE COURT'S REQUIREMENTS 350
3.2.1. RES INTERPRETATA: THE INTERPRETATIVE FORCE OF THE
COURT'S PRECEDENTS 350
3.2.2. THE OBLIGATIONS IMPOSED ON THE STATES BY THE
CONVENTION AND THE COURT 351
3.2.3. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE NATIONAL COURTS 352
3.2.4. CONCLUSION 355
3.3. SYNTHESIS OF THE FINDINGS OF THE NATIONAL REPORTS 355
3.3.1. INTRODUCTION 355
3.3.2. FORMAL POWERS TO EXECUTE JUDGMENTS AGAINST THE STATE. 356
INTERSENTIA XV
CONTENTS
3.3.3. FREQUENCY OF REFERENCES TO STRASBOURG CASE-LAW;
ACCEPTANCE OF RES INTERPRETATA 357
3.3.4. ADJUSTING NATIONAL CASE-LAW BECAUSE OF ECTHR
PRECEDENTS 358
3.3.5. 'POSITIVE DEVIATIONS' AND THE APPLICATION OF THE 'MIRROR
PRINCIPLE' 360
3.3.6. ADOPTING TYPICAL CONVENTION DOCTRINES 361
3.3.7. TAKING CONSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCES SERIOUSLY: JUDICIAL
RESTRAINT 363
3.3.8. CONCLUSION 364
4. DEBATE ABOUT THE COURT AND ITS CASE-LAW 366
4.1. INTRODUCTION 366
4.2. DEALING WITH NATIONAL CRITICISM AND NATIONAL DEBATES BY
THE COURT 366
4.3. CRITICISM IN THE STATES 368
4.4. CONCLUSION 369
5. CONCLUSIONS 370
APPENDIX 375
XVI
INTERSENTIA
The European Convention on Human Rights has a large impact on national
law, in particular through the case-law of the European Court of Human
Rights. In most Convention states, the authorities loyally implement the
Court’s interpretations in their legislation, case-law and administrative
decisions. Over the past few years, however, especially in some Western
European democracies where the ECHR is robustly incorporated into
the national legal systems, critical voices have been raised to question the
degree of the Court’s influence over national law and politics.
it turns out that many of the current debates are based on two implied
assumptions and intuitions. It is felt, firstly, that the Court exercises such
great influence that national authorities, in particular courts, have to act as
marionettes — they must follow the Court’s movements, even if they want
to act differently. The second assumption is that this marionette behaviour
and its constitutionally questionable consequences are facilitated and
accommodated by the legal and constitutional mechanisms determining
the national courts’ competences.
This book questions the correctness of these assumptions and aims for
further study of them. This is done by disentangling and illuminating the
different elements underlying the interrelationship between the Court
and the national courts. The objective is to distinguish between the
requirements set by the Court; the constitutional powers and competences
of national courts to interpret and apply international law, in particular the
Convention; the way in which these courts actually use these competences
to deal with the Court’s interpretative approaches; and the type of criticism
that is levelled at the Court’s case-law. These elements are studied from
the perspective of the Court as well as from a national perspective, in
particular for Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the
United Kingdom.
Analysing these elements separately enables a fruitful assessment of their
interrelationship and provides a sound basis for a constructive debate on
the implementation of the Convention in national law, which is based on
solid constitutional foundations rather than assumptions and intuitions.
The current book is therefore of great interest to those who are interested
in debates on the interrelationship between the Court and the states —
scholars, as well as judges, policy makers and politicians — but also to
those who take a more general interest in constitutional implementation
mechanisms, judicial powers and judicial argumentation. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gerards, J. H. 1976- Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- Bull, Thomas 1965- |
| author2 | Gerards, J. H. 1976- Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | j h g jh jhg j w a f jwa jwaf |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132734362 (DE-588)173757936 (DE-588)1044939567 |
| author_facet | Gerards, J. H. 1976- Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- Bull, Thomas 1965- Gerards, J. H. 1976- Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Gerards, J. H. 1976- |
| author_variant | j h g jh jhg j w a f jwa jwaf t b tb |
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| classification_rvk | PS 4140 PS 4100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)885399787 (DE-599)BVBBV042391570 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europa |
| geographic_facet | Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV042391570 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T08:55:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781780682174 1780682174 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 014427610 |
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| physical | xxi, 385 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Intersentia |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis Janneke Gerards, Joseph Fleuren (eds.) ; [contributors Prof. Dr. T. (Thomas) Bull [und 9 weitere]] Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland Intersentia [2014] xxi, 385 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European Court of Human Rights Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (DE-588)1003803-6 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd rswk-swf International and municipal law Europe International law and human rights Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd rswk-swf Europa Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (DE-588)1003803-6 b Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 u Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 s DE-604 Gerards, J. H. 1976- (DE-588)132734362 edt aut Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- (DE-588)173757936 edt aut Bull, Thomas 1965- (DE-588)1044939567 aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027827441&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027827441&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Gerards, J. H. 1976- Fleuren, J. W. A. 1963- Bull, Thomas 1965- Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis European Court of Human Rights Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (DE-588)1003803-6 gnd Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd International and municipal law Europe International law and human rights Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1003803-6 (DE-588)4015727-1 (DE-588)4115710-2 |
| title | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis |
| title_auth | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis |
| title_exact_search | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis |
| title_full | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis Janneke Gerards, Joseph Fleuren (eds.) ; [contributors Prof. Dr. T. (Thomas) Bull [und 9 weitere]] |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis Janneke Gerards, Joseph Fleuren (eds.) ; [contributors Prof. Dr. T. (Thomas) Bull [und 9 weitere]] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law a comparative analysis Janneke Gerards, Joseph Fleuren (eds.) ; [contributors Prof. Dr. T. (Thomas) Bull [und 9 weitere]] |
| title_short | Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the judgments of the ECtHR in national case-law |
| title_sort | implementation of the european convention on human rights and of the judgments of the ecthr in national case law a comparative analysis |
| title_sub | a comparative analysis |
| topic | European Court of Human Rights Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (DE-588)1003803-6 gnd Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd International and municipal law Europe International law and human rights Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | European Court of Human Rights Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 International and municipal law Europe International law and human rights Rechtsprechung Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027827441&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027827441&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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