Evaluating clinical and public health interventions: a practical guide to study design and statistics
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2010
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| Online-Zugang: | http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_toc.html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_kub.html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_aub.html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_bio.html Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 162 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521735599 0521735599 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Evaluating clinical and public health interventions
Autor: Katz, Mitchell H
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Preface page xi
Introduction 1
¦
1.1 Why study interventions? 1
1.2 How can you teil whether an Intervention is effective? 3
Interventions 15
2.1 What type of interventions are commonly evaluated in
medicine and public health? 15
2.2 How do I design an Intervention? 15
Evaluating an Intervention 23
3.1 How do I engage stakeholders? 23
3.2 What data should I collect for evaluating my Intervention? 23
3.3 How do I choose a control group for evaluating my Intervention? 24
3.4 How do I collect data and choose a control group for an
Intervention that I did not develop? 28
3.5 What outcomes of an intervention should I assess? 33
3.6 Why measure the exposure ofsubjects to an intervention? 34
3.7 Should I use a longitudinal cohort or a serial cross-sectional design? 35
3.8 How do I develop measurement instruments? 37
3.9 How do I State the hypothesisof an intervention study? 38
3.10 Can an intervention study have more than one hypothesis? 40
3.11 Why should I have an analysis plan? 40
3.12 How do I calculate sample size for an intervention study? 42
3.13 How do I obtain an institutional review board (IRB) review
for a study? 43
VII
viii Contents
3.14 When do I need an independent data and safety monitoring
committee? 45
3.15 Why should I register my trial? 45
Randomized designs 47
4.1 What are randomized studies? 47
4.2 What are the advantages of randomization? 47
4.3 What are the disadvantages of randomization? 49
4.4 What are the different methods of allocatingsubjects? 50
4.5 What is clustered (group) randomization? 52
4.6 What can be randomized besides individuals or Clusters
of individuals? 54
4.7 When should subjects and researchers be masked (blinded) to
treatment assignment? 55
4.8 How do I account for subjects who do not adhere to their
treatment? 56
Nonrandomized studies 61
¦
5.1 What are nonrandomized studies? 61
5.2 Why perform nonrandomized studies? 61
5.3 What are the disadvantages of nonrandomization? 65
5.4 How can I assemble comparable samples in the design phase
without randomization? 68
Statistical analysis of intervention trials 73
a
6.1 How do I test whether my intervention has had a statistically
significant effect? 73
6.2 Is the difference between the pre-intervention and the
post-intervention assessment statistically significant
in a longitudinal study? 74
6.3 Is the difference between the pre-intervention and the
post-intervention assessment statistically significant in a serial
cross-sectional study? 81
6.4 Is the difference between the pre-intervention and the
post-intervention assessment of the intervention group
statistically greater (lesser) than that seen in the comparison
group(s) in a longitudinal cohort study? 83
ix Contents
6.5 Is the difference between the pre-intervention and the
post-intervention assessment of the intervention group
statistically greater (lesser) than that seen in the comparison
group(s) in a serial cross-sectional study? 95
6.6 Is the post-intervention assessment of the intervention group
significantly different than the corresponding assessment of the
comparison group? 97
7 Methods for adjusting for baseline differences
between treatment groups 101
7.1 How do I adjust for baseline differences between persons who
receive the intervention and those who don t? 101
7.2 What are propensity scores? How are they calculated? 101
7.3 Which variables should be included in a propensity score? 105
7.4 How do you assess the adequacy of a propensity score? 106
7.5 How are propensity scores used to adjust for baseline differences? 108
7.6 What is instrumental variable analysis? How is it used to adjust
for baseline differences between groups? 115
7.7 What are the underlying assumptions of instrumental
variable analysis? 119
7.8 How is instrumental variable analysis performed? 124
7.9 What are the limitations of instrumental variable analysis? 125
7.10 How do the results of multivariable adjustment alone, propensity
scores, and instrumental variable analysis compare? 126
7.11 What is sensitivity analysis? 126
8 Time series analysis 128
8.1 How do I use time series analysis to analyze how an intervention
affects a series of observations over time? 128
8.2 How many observations are needed for performing an
interrupted time series analysis? 133
Special topics 135
¦
9.1 What methods are available for evaluating interventions that
do not occur to all subjects at the same time? 135
9.2 What if I want to prove that an intervention is not inferior or is
equivalent to another intervention? 138
x Contents
9.3 How do I adjust for multiple comparisons? 140
9.4 Should a trial have pre-specified interim analyses with early
stopping rules? 143
9.5 How do I analyze subgroup differences in the response to an
intervention? 146
9.6 How should I deal with missing data in my intervention study? 148
9.7 What special considerations are there for Publishing the results
of intervention trials? 149
9.8 What special considerations are there for Publishing
negative studies? 152
10 Research to action 154
10.1 How do you translate research into practice? 154
10.2 How is the translation of interventions assessed? 156
11 Conclusion 158
Index 159
|
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| spelling | Katz, Mitchell H. 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)143572520 aut Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics Mitchell H. Katz Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2010 162 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier X:Nielsen text/html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_toc.html X:Nielsen text/html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_kub.html X:Nielsen text/html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_aub.html X:Nielsen text/html http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?24482194_bio.html HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027825906&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Katz, Mitchell H. 1959- Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics |
| title | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics |
| title_auth | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics |
| title_exact_search | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics |
| title_full | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics Mitchell H. Katz |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics Mitchell H. Katz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics Mitchell H. Katz |
| title_short | Evaluating clinical and public health interventions |
| title_sort | evaluating clinical and public health interventions a practical guide to study design and statistics |
| title_sub | a practical guide to study design and statistics |
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