Media effects research: a basic overview
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, MA
Cengage Learning
[2016]
|
| Ausgabe: | Fifth edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cengage series in mass communication and journalism. Research and theory
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 348 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781305077478 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Media effects research |b a basic overview |c Glenn G. Sparks, Purdue University |
| 250 | |a Fifth edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston, MA |b Cengage Learning |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a XX, 348 Seiten | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804153012033159168 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xiv
CHAPTER
1
A Scientific Approach to the Study of Media
Effects
1
Ways of Knowing
3 *
Experience
S
Authority
4
Science
5
Goals of Science
5
Prediction
5
Explanation
6
Understanding
7
Control
8
How Are the Goals of Science Achieved?
10
Theory
10
Falsifiability
12
Creativity
13
The Nature of Science
14
Science Is General
14
Science Acknowledges the Existence of Objective Truth
16
Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude
18
Science s Skeptical Attitude Often Leads to Controversy
20
Science Can t Answer Certain Kinds of Questions
21
Summary
22
Questions to Focus Your Attention
23
Key Terms and Concepts
23
Notes
23
VI
CONTENTS
vii
CHAPTER
2
Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research
25
Analyzing Media Content
25
What Is Content Analysis?
26
An Example: The Content of Popular Novels for Adolescents
27
The Sample
27
Units of Analysis
28
Categories
28
Coding Agreement
29
Statistical Analysis
29
Interpretation of Findings
30
The Sample Survey
31
An Example: Does Watching a Traumatic Event on TV Cause
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?
32
The Sample
33
The Questionnaire
33
Descriptive Findings
34
Statistical Relationships
34
Interpretation of the Findings
34
Types of Surveys
34
The Search for Causal Relationships
35
Criteria for Causal Relationships
36
Correlation Coefficients
36
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients
38
The Experimental Method
41
Manipulation of a Key Variable
42
Random Assignment to Experimental Conditions
42
Identical Treatment Except for the Manipulation
42
Control Groups
43
Different Experimental Designs
44
An Example: Using a Video Game to Repair a Bad Mood
45
Participants
45
Independent Variable
46
Dependent Variable
46
Experimental Results
47
Interpretation of Results
47
Controversy about Research Methods
47
Other Methodological Approaches
50
Summary
51
Questions to Focus Your Attention
52
Key Terms and Concepts
52
Notes
52
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER
3
A Brief History of Media Effects Research
54
Setting the Stage
55
1898—
Congress Declares War on Spain
56
1917—
Propaganda in World War I
56
The
1920s—
Movies Explode as Mainstream Entertainment
56
1929-1932—
The Payne Fund Studies
57
What Was the Content of Movies?
57
The Emotional Impact of Movies
58
Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior?
58
The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies
60
The Invasion from Mars
60
The Research at Princeton
62
Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic Bullet Model
63
The People s Choice Study: A New View of Media Effects
63
Why Use Control Groups?
64
Media Impact in the
1940
Campaign
64
The Decatur Study: The Two-Step Flow of Communication
65
Experiments on World War II Movies
67
The Limited-Effects Perspective
68
The Evils of Comic Books
69
The Dawn of Television
71
Many Types of Media Effects
72
Micro-Level or Macro-Level Effects
72
Content-Specific or Diffuse-General Effects
73
Attitudinal versus Behavioral versus Cognitive Changes
73
Alteration versus Stabilization
73
Summary
74
Questions to Focus Your Attention
74
Key Terms and Concepts
74
Notes
75
CHAPTER
4
Time Spent with Mass Media: Reasons and
Consequences
76
The Uses and Gratifications Perspective
77
Why Do People Watch TV?
77
Learning
78
Habit
78
Companionship
80
Arousal
81
Relaxation
83
CONTENTS ix
Escape 83
Passing Time 83
Social
Interaction
84
Uses and Gratifications Meets New Media
84
Beyond Mere Descriptions of Media Use
85
The Problem with Self-Reports
86
The Raw Numbers: Media Minutes Add Up
87
The Displacement Hypothesis
89
Displacement of Important Activities
90
Do Electronic Media Displace Sleep?
92
Television Viewing and Obesity
93
Summary
96
Questions to Focus Your Attention
97
Key Terms and Concepts
97
Notes
97
CHAPTERS Effects of Media Violence
100
The Presence of Violent Content
102
The Causal Link between Viewing Violence and Behaving
Aggressively
106
The Research of Albert
Bandura
106
The Long-Term Studies of Leonard Eron and Rowell
Huesmann
109
The Research of Brandon
Centerwall 112
The Catharsis Hypothesis
113
A Priming Analysis of the Effect of Media Violence
114
Desensitization to Violence
115
What about Video Games? Are They Training Kids to Kill?
117
An Opinion on Video Games from an Expert on Killology
118
The Research on Violent Video Games
119
How Do Violent Video Games Cause Aggression?
124
Why Do People Like Media Violence?
126
Where Does Research on Media Violence Go Now?
128
Why Do So Many People Doubt the Effects of Media Violence?
128
Concluding Comments
130
Summary
130
Questions to Focus Your Attention
131
Key Terms and Concepts
131
Notes
131
χ
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
6
Sexual Content in the Media
134
Human Sexuality Brings Out Passionate Opinion
134
Sorting Out Definitions and Terms
137
The Commission on Obscenity and Pornography
138
Major Finding
138
A Reexamination of the Commission s Findings
139
Research Following the Commission Report
141
Content Available
142
Perceptual Consequences of Viewing
142
Behavioral Consequences of Viewing
143
The Meese Commission Report on Pornography
146
Major Conclusion
146
Sex on Prime-Time TV
148
The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer
149
Content Analyses
150
Sexual Behavior and Viewing
151
Sex and the Internet
155
Control over Media Content
157
Legal Control
157
Social or Economic Control
158
Control Through Education
158
Summary
159
Questions to Focus Your Attention
159
Key Terms and Concepts
160
Notes
160
CHAPTER? Media That Stir Emotions
163
Fright Reactions to Media Are Prevalent
164
Developmental Theory: What Scares One Child May Not
Scare Another
165
Experimenting with the Incredible Hulk
166
Why Is the Paranormal So Scary?
169
The Law of Apparent Reality
170
Poltergeist
171
The Nightmare on Elm Street Series
172
The Exorcist
173
Why Do Some Media Fears Linger for So Long? A Theory of
Differential Brain Processing
174
Theory about Emotional Coping: What
s a
Parent to Do?
175
Is It Fun to Be Scared?
177
Frightening Films and Roller Coaster Rides
177
CONTENTS xi
The Sexual Dynamic in
Viewing Frightening
Films 178
Beyond Fear: Other Emotional Reactions to Media
180
Empathy: I Feel What You Feel
180
Using Media to Manage Your Mood
182
Does Mediated Emotion Disrupt and Confuse Our Emotional
Weil-Being?
184
Summary
186
Questions to Focus Your Attention
187
Key Terms and Concepts
187
Notes
187
CHAPTER
8
Persuasive Effects of the Media
189
What Is Persuasion?
189
How Media Messages Persuade without Even Trying
190
Product Placement in Entertainment Programming
192
The Theory of Media Cultivation: Cultivating Attitudes Is
Attitude Change
193
If Cultivation Works—How Does It Work?
196
Do Media Messages about the Paranormal Influence
Paranormal Beliefs
? 197
Intentional Persuasion in the Media
200
Using Entertainment to Improve Public Health
200
An Unusual Study: The Great American Values Test
201
How Does an Advertiser Determine Success?
203
Evidence for the Effectiveness of Advertising
203
Key Principles of Media Persuasion
204
The Power of the Source
205
Message Features: Simplicity and Repetition
208
More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and Humor
208
The Health Campaign
210
Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key?
214
Early History
215
The Presumed Mechanism
216
Two Important Questions
216
A Caveat: Research on Subliminal Priming
218
The Third-Person Effect
219
Summary
220
Questions to Focus Your Attention
221
Key Terms and Concepts
221
Notes
221
X¡¡
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
9
The Effects of News and Political Content
225
Thinking about the News
225
Need for Cognition
226
Need for Cognition and Internet News
228
Political Sophistication
228
Agenda-Setting Theory: A Theory about Thinking
229
Framing the News
230
The Spiral of Silence
233
How Much of the News Do We Remember?
236
Do Sexually Attractive TV Anchor Women Cause Better
Memory for the News?
238
The Role of Emotion
239
Is News on Twitter Packed with More Emotion?
243
Another View of News: Do Certain News Reports Cause More
People to Die?
245
Imitative Suicides and
tÂe
News
246
Summary
249
Questions to Focus Your Attention
249
Key Terms and Concepts
250
Notes
250
CHAPTER
10
The Effects of Media Stereotypes
253
Stereotypical Representations in the Media
253
Sex Role Stereotypes
256
Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes
258
Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects on Body Image
260
How Important Are Media in Promoting Body
Dissatisfaction?
263
Racial Stereotypes
266
Överrepresentation
of African Americans as Lawbreakers
266
The Imbalance in Media Research on Stereotypes
269
An Intriguing and Under-Studied Media Depiction: Faces
271
Summary
275
Questions to Focus Your Attention
276
Key Terms and Concepts
276
Notes
276
CHAPTER
11
The Impact of New Media Technologies
279
The Revolution in New Media Technology
279
Computers and the Internet: Connection or Alienation?
282
The Carnegie Mellon Study
282
Applying the Lessons of History
286
CONTENTS xiii
Media Multiplexity Theory
290
New Technology
s
Distinctive Attributes
293
Screen Time and Face-to-Face Interaction
296
Will Our Old Brains Catch Up to the New Technology?
297
How New Technology Relates to Physical and Cognitive
Health
298
Cyber-overload
299
Summary
300
Questions to Focus Your Attention
301
Key
Tenns
and Concepts
301
Notes
301
CHAPTER
12
Meet Marshall McLuhan. A Less Scientific
Approach to Media Impact
304
Is There Any Value to Considering Marshall McLuhan?
304
Meet Marshall McLuhan
305
The Eras of Communication History
306
The Tribal Age
306
Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print Age
307
Moving On to the Current Electronic Age
308
The Medium Is the Message
310
The Effects of Electronic Media on Human Beings
311
Education in the Electronic Age
312
War in the Electronic Age: Not So Hot
314
Politics in the Electronic Age: Was
Barack
Obama
Cooler
than Mitt Romney?
317
Drugs in the Electronic Age
319
Privacy in the Electronic Age: Fading Fast
319
Why Does McLuhan
s
Theory Fail as a Scientific Approach?
320
McLuhan
s
Influence
321
Final Reflections
322
Summary
324
Questions to Focus Your Attention
324
Key Terms and Concepts
324
Notes
324
Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan
325
GLOSSARY: THEORIES AND THEORETICAL CONCEPTS
DISCUSSED IN THE TEXT (BY CHAPTER)
326
NAME INDEX
336
SUBJECT INDEX
341
|
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| spelling | Sparks, Glenn G. Verfasser aut Media effects research a basic overview Glenn G. Sparks, Purdue University Fifth edition Boston, MA Cengage Learning [2016] XX, 348 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cengage series in mass communication and journalism. Research and theory Medienwirkungsforschung (DE-588)4123732-8 gnd rswk-swf Medienwirkungsforschung (DE-588)4123732-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027809987&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Media effects research a basic overview |
| title_auth | Media effects research a basic overview |
| title_exact_search | Media effects research a basic overview |
| title_full | Media effects research a basic overview Glenn G. Sparks, Purdue University |
| title_fullStr | Media effects research a basic overview Glenn G. Sparks, Purdue University |
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