Animal social networks:
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
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Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2015
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XVII, 260 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780199679058 9780199679041 |
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adam_text | The scientific study of networks—computer, social, and biological—has received
an enormous amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach
has been applied to the field of animal behaviour relatively late compared to
many other biological disciplines. Understanding social network structure is
of great importance for biologists since the structural characteristics of any
network will affect its constituent members and influence a range of diverse
behaviours. These include finding and choosing a sexual partner, developing
and maintaining cooperative relationships, and engaging in foraging and
anti-predator behaviour.
This novel text provides an overview of the insights that network analysis has
provided into major biological processes, and how it has enhanced our under-
standing of the social organization of several important taxonomic groups.
It brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines with the aim
of providing both an overview of the power of the network approach for
understanding patterns and process in animal populations, as well as outlining
how current methodological constraints and challenges can be overcome.
Animal Social Networks is principally aimed at graduate level students and
researchers in the fields of ecology, zoology, animal behaviour, and evolutionary
biology but will also be of interest to social scientists.
Contents
R
List of contributors xvi
Section 1 Introduction to Animal Social Networks 1
1 General introduction 3
Jens Krause, Richard James, Daniel W. Franks, and Darren P. Croft
What is a social network and why is it important? 3
Book structure and content 3
2 A networks primer 5
Richard James
Basics 5
Measuring network structure 6
Node-based measures of structure 6
Network-level measures of structure 7
Clusters or communities 7
Model networks and network models 8
Section 2 Patterns and Processes in Animal Social Networks 9
Darren P. Croft
3 Assortment in social networks and the evolution of cooperation 13
Darren P. Croft, Mathew Edenbrow, and Safi K. Darden
Introduction to cooperation 13
Theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation in structured populations 14
Pathways to assortment by cooperation in social networks 17
Non-random distribution of individuals in space and time 17
Social structuring in the absence of spatial segregation 18
Spatial and temporal assortment by simple behavioural rules 18
Conditional cooperation 20
Cooperation in social networks: conclusions and future directions 22
Acknowledgements 23
IX
x CONTENTS
4 Mating behaviour: sexual networks and sexual selection 24
Grant C. McDonald and Tommaso Pizzari
Introduction 24
Sexual selection 24
Sexual selection in structured populations 26
The logic of sexual networks 27
Intrasexual interactions and the measurement of sexual selection 28
Precopulatory selection 30
Postcopulatory selection 30
Intersexual interactions, mating patterns, and the operation of
selection 32
Mating system ecology 35
Individual network measures 36
Sexual selection and sexual networks: conclusions 37
Acknowledgements 37
5 Quantifying diffusion in social networks: a Bayesian approach 38
Glenna Nightingale, Neeltje J. Boogert, Kevin N. Laland, and Will Hoppitt
Introduction to social transmission in groups of animals 38
Network-based diffusion analysis 39
Why do we need Bayesian network-based diffusion analysis? 40
Simulated diffusion data 41
Previous formulation of time of acquisition diffusion analysis 41
Bayesian formulation of time of acquisition diffusion analysis 43
Likelihood function for time of acquisition diffusion analysis 44
Prior specification 44
Generating posteriors using updating methods 45
Model discrimination 45
Results 46
Posterior parameter estimates 46
Markov chain Monte Carlo replication 49
Model discrimination 49
A Bayesian approach to quantifying diffusion on social networks:
conclusions and future directions 49
Acknowledgements 52
6 Personality and social network analysis in animals 53
Alexander D. M. Wilson and Jens Krause
Introduction to personality and social network analysis in animals 53
Network consistency and keystone6 7 * * individuals 54
Fitness consequences of network positions 55
Networks and behavioural types 56
Networks and personality from a developmental perspective 58
Personality and social network analysis in animals: conclusions and future
directions 59
Acknowledgements 60
CONTENTS xi
7 Temporal changes in dominance networks and other behaviour sequences 61
David B. McDonald and Michael E. Dillon
Introduction to the analysis of temporal changes in networks 61
Network formulation and triad census approach 63
Ranking algorithms 63
R scripts for analysing dominance data 65
Differences among ranking algorithms 65
Effect of contest order on Elo ranking 65
Comparing contest and outcome adjacency matrices over time 68
Analysing the contest matrix by quartiles 68
Analysing the outcome matrix by quartiles 70
Experimental and modelling approaches: conclusions
and future directions 71
Acknowledgements 72
8 Group movement and animal social networks 73
Nikolai W. F. Bode, A. Jamie Wood, and Daniel W. Franks
Introduction to group movement and animal social networks 73
Population level 75
Group level 77
Individual level 80
Group movement and animal social networks: conclusions and future directions 81
Acknowledgements 83
9 Communication and social networks 84
Peter K. McGregor and Andrew G. Horn
Introduction to communication and social networks 84
Communication and network approaches 84
Signals, information, and communication 85
Information exchange and communication networks 85
Receiver diversity and communication in networks 86
Empirical successes of the communication network approach 87
Eavesdropping 87
Audience effects 89
Alarm call spread 90
Linking communication networks to social networks 91
Signals as methodological tools for studying social networks 91
Mapping communication networks as social networks 92
Communication networks and information flow 92
Communication and social networks: conclusions and future directions 94 10
10 Disease transmission in animal social networks 95
Julian A. Drewe and Sarah E. Perkins
Introduction to disease transmission networks 95
The use of animal social networks to study infectious disease transmission 96
Networks and disease management 97
CONTENTS
xii
Collecting social network data to study disease transmission 97
How many host-parasite associations should be included in a transmission
network? 98
Sampling considerations and the boundary effect 100
Weighted or unweighted networks: capturing transmission processes? 100
Choice of time interval for constructing parasite transmission networks 101
Data analysis: which network measures are relevant to disease transmission? 105
Network centrality and disease transmission 106
Relationships between network measures and host attributes 107
Disease transmission network dynamics 107
Host and parasite-driven parameters in transmission networks 107
Effects of infection on networks 108
Disease transmission in animal social networks: conclusions and future
directions 109
11 Social networks and animal welfare 111
Brianne A. Beisner and Brenda McCowan
Introduction to the use of social network analysis in animal welfare 111
Physical health in animal social networks 113
Disease transmission in animal networks 113
Psychological and social health in animal networks 116
Social aggression in animal social networks 116
Social stress and health in animal social networks 119
Social network analysis in animal welfare: conclusions and future
directions 121
Acknowledgements 121
Section 3 Taxonomic Overviews of Animal Social Networks 123
Jens Krause
12 Primate social networks 125
Sally Macdonald and Bernhard Voelkl
Introduction to social network analysis in primatology 125
Why is social network analysis useful for primatologists? 125
A brief history of social network analysis in primatology 126
Levels of primate social network analysis 129
Primate social network analysis at the individual level 129
Primate social network analysis at the subgroup level 130
Primate social network analysis at the group level 131
Potential pitfalls and limitations in primate social networks 132
Group size in primate networks 132
Observation frequency in primate social networks 133
Specificity in primate social networks 134
Intraspecific variability in primate social networks 134
Social network analysis in primatology: conclusions and future directions 136
Acknowledgements 138
CONTENTS xiii
13 Oceanic societies: studying cetaceans with a social networks approach 139
Shane Gero and Luke Rendell
Introduction to network analysis of cetacean societies 139
Oceanic social networks 139
Studying cetaceans using a social network approach 142
Identifying individuals in cetacean social networks 143
Interactions between individuals in cetacean social networks 143
Contributions from studies on cetaceans 143
Methodological advances in studying cetacean social networks 143
Cetacean networks and management: resilience and survival 144
Social roles and decision making in cetacean social networks 145
Drivers of network structure in cetacean societies 145
Cultural transmission and cetacean social networks 146
Social networks and communication networks among cetaceans 147
Current challenges and avenues for inquiry concerning cetacean social networks 147
Linking cetacean social networks with vocal complexity 147
Cetacean social network analysis: beyond associations 148
Collective motion and decision making in cetacean societies 148
Network analysis of cetacean societies: conclusions and future directions 149
Acknowledgements 149
14 The network approach in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs 150
Jens Krause, Darren P. Croft, and Alexander D. M. Wilson
Introduction to networks in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs 150
Population structure of teleost fishes and elasmobranchs 151
Techniques for identifying individuals in teleost fishes and elasmobranchs 151
Guppies and sticklebacks-—a case study 153
Outlook for population applications of social network studies 153
Familiarity and site fidelity in teleost fish and elasmobranchs 154
Cooperation in teleost fishes 155
Fish cognition and social learning 155
Collective behaviour and social networks in teleost fishes 156
Application of social network analysis to welfare in teleost fishes 156
Network analysis of teleost fishes and elasmobranchs: conclusions and future
directions 158
Acknowledgements 159
15 Social networks in insect colonies 160
Dhruba Naug
Introduction 160
Social interactions and their proximate basis 161
Structure of the colony interaction network 162
Function of the colony interaction network 164
Information collection and transfer 164
Colony work organization 165
Material transport 167
Conclusions and future directions 169
xiv CONTENTS
16 Perspectives on social network analyses of bird populations 171
Colin J. Garroway, Reinder Radersma, and Camilla A. Hinde
Introduction to social network analysis in birds 171
Building avian social networks 173
Ringing and observation in avian social networks 173
Passive integrated transponder tags in the study of avian social networks 175
Telemetry tracking in the study of avian social networks 176
Choosing the best method for studying avian social networks 177
Exploring avian social networks 177
Social network analysis of avian societies 179
Eco-evolutionary processes affected by the structure of avian societies 179
Social phenotypes and gene x environment interactions in avian societies 179
The social characteristics of individuals, and emergent network structure
in avian societies 180
The role of social context in natural and sexual selection in avian societies 180
Underlying social structure and collective behaviour in avian societies 180
Individual interactions and social structure in avian societies 181
The conservation and management of social units in avian societies 181
Genetic determinants of variation in social phenotypes in avian societies 182
The interaction of genetic and social structures in avian societies 182
Social network analysis in birds: conclusions and future directions 183
Acknowledgements 183
17 Networks of terrestrial ungulates: linking form and function 184
Daniel I. Rubenstein
Introduction to terrestrial ungulate social networks 184
The play and the players in terrestrial ungulate social systems 184
The script, the data, and methodologies for ungulate social systems 185
Equids as model organisms 187
Similar social structures but different social networks among equids 188
Fission-fusion functionality in hierarchical equid societies 188
Identifying communities among equid societies 189
Structure shapes function in equid societies 191
Generalizing to other ungulates 192
Wild and free-ranging ungulate species 192
Domestic and captive animals 194
Terrestrial ungulate social networks: conclusions and future directions 194
Acknowledgements 196
18 Linking lizards: social networks in reptiles 197
Stephanie S. Godfrey
Introduction to social networks in reptiles 197
The application of social networks to understanding reptile behavioural ecology 197
Detecting and describing social organization in reptiles 198
What shapes social organization in reptiles? 199
Thermal and ecological requirements for reptiles 199
CONTENTS xv
Genetic structure and kin-based sociality in reptiles 200
Proximate mechanisms of social organization in reptiles 200
Visual and olfactory signalling and communication pathways in reptiles 200
Individual differences and network position in reptile societies 201
Consequences of social networks: parasite transmission among reptiles 201
Advantages of using networks in understanding reptile systems 202
Challenges of applying a network approach to reptiles 203
Marking, identifying, and monitoring reptiles 204
Identification of reptiles upon capture 204
Visual identification of reptiles 204
Remote monitoring of associations among reptiles 205
Social networks in reptiles: conclusions and future directions 207
Acknowledgements 207
Section 4 Animal Social Networks: Conclusions 209
19 Animal social networks: general conclusions 211
Jens Krause, Richard James, Daniel W. Franks, and Darren P. Croft
The changing nature of animal social network data 212
The changing nature of animal social network analysis 213
References 215
Index 255
|
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dewey-tens | 590 - Animals |
discipline | Biologie |
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language | English |
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publishDate | 2015 |
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spellingShingle | Animal social networks Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Sozialverhalten (DE-588)4055903-8 gnd Tiergesellschaft (DE-588)4140491-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4060087-7 (DE-588)4055903-8 (DE-588)4140491-9 |
title | Animal social networks |
title_auth | Animal social networks |
title_exact_search | Animal social networks |
title_full | Animal social networks ed. by Jens Krause ... |
title_fullStr | Animal social networks ed. by Jens Krause ... |
title_full_unstemmed | Animal social networks ed. by Jens Krause ... |
title_short | Animal social networks |
title_sort | animal social networks |
topic | Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Sozialverhalten (DE-588)4055903-8 gnd Tiergesellschaft (DE-588)4140491-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Tiere Sozialverhalten Tiergesellschaft |
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