Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2015
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 378 Seiten Diagramme, Notenbeispiele |
| ISBN: | 9780198722908 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |c David M. Koenig. With comments by Delwin D. Fandrich |
| 250 | |a First edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 378 Seiten |b Diagramme, Notenbeispiele | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152926410637312 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Part
1
Some Basic Sound Waves and Some Simple Tools
1
An Introduction to Some Elementary Waves
3
1.1
A Simple Sinusoidal Sound Wave
3
1.2
A Built-Up Signal Consisting of the Fundamental and Harmonics
13
1.3
A Square Wave
19
1.4
Exercise
21
2
The Basic Tools of Spectral Analysis
22
2.1
A Graphical Attempt to Approximate the Square Wave
23
2.2
A Sum of Sine Waves as an Approximation to a Square Wave
25
2.3
The Folding Frequency and the Nyquist Interval
28
2.4
The Frequency Grid in the Line Spectrum Plot
29
2.5
Aliasing
31
2.6
A Sine Wave with Zero Frequency
35
2.7
A Finer Grid in the Frequency Domain
35
2.8
A Noisy Example
—
The Mystery Wave
36
2.9
Alternative Ways to Plot a Wave s Intensity in the Frequency Domain
37
2.10
The Cumulative Line Spectrum and White Noise
43
2.11
The Spectral Centroid
51
2.12
The Autocorrelation
54
2.13
Exercise
60
3
Analysis of Several Common Musical Sounds
62
3.1
The Tuning Fork
62
3.2
The Pitch Pipe, a Hum, and a Laah
65
3.3
A Door Chime, a Fire Bell, and Clanging Railroad Bars
69
3.4
A Didjeribone®
73
3.5
A Flute
74
3.6
A Cornet
75
3.7
ATrombone
76
3.8
A Bassoon
77
3.9
Drums and Cymbals
77
3.10
Blowing over the Top of a Beer Bottle
—
The Helmholtz Resonator
81
3.11
A Train Whistle
83
3.12
Summary
84
3.13
Exercises
86
4
Harmonics in Musical Sounds
87
4.1
Harmonics Associated with a Piano Note
87
4.2
A Tube Closed at One End and Open at the Other
91
xii
Contenu
4.3
A
Tube Open at Both Ends
93
4.4
Another Look at the Cornet, Trombone, and Flute
94
4.5
A Triplet of Simulation Experiments
95
4.6
A Crude Example of Harmonics
100
4.7
Summary
101
4.8
Exercises
101
Part
2
A Visual Analysis of Vibrating Objects (Strings, Membranes,
Bars, Plates)
5
The Vibrating String
105
5.0
Basic Parameters of the Flexible String
105
5.1
Plucking the Idealized Flexible String with Fixed End Points at l/9th of
its Length
107
5.2
Experiments on Single Piano Strings
118
5.3
Two Stringed Musical Instruments
124
5.4
Plucking at the Center of the Idealized Flexible String
125
5.5
A Symmetrical Initial Profile
128
5.6
Adding a Soundboard at One End of the String
130
5.7
Forcing a Flexible String at One End
135
5.8
The Effect of a Hammer Striking the String
138
5.9
The Effect of String Stiffness in the Response to a Hammer Strike
144
5.10
The Force Generated on the Fixed End Connection by Struck Flexible
and Stiff Strings
145
5.11
Longitudinal Waves
15 0
5.12
Summary
153
5.13
Exercises
154
6
The Vibrating Bar
155
6.1
Basic Parameters of the Vibrating Bar
155
6.2
A Simulation of a Vibrating Bar
157
6.3
Averaging the Vertical Displacements
160
6.4
An Example: A Toy Xylophone
163
6.5
Summary
164
6.6
Exercises
164
7
The Vibrating Membrane
165
7.1
Basic Parameters of the Vibrating Membrane
165
7.2
Response to a Center Displacement
165
7.3
Response to a Cone-Shaped Initial Condition
170
7.4
Response to an Off-Center Displacement
170
7.5
Summary
173
7.6
Exercise
8
The Vibrating Plate
175
8.1
Basic Parameters of the Vibrating Plate
175
8.2
Circular Plate
—
Gaussian Initial Condition
175
8.3
Circular Plate
—
Cone Initial Condition
177
Contents xiii
8.4 Square
Plate
—
Gaussian
Initial
Condition
180
8.5
Triangular Plate
—
Gaussian Initial Condition
183
8.6
Coupling a Vibrating String with a Vibrating Plate
184
8.7 Knabe
Soundboard Experiment
189
8.8
Summary of Chapter Eight and Part Two
190
Part
3
The Piano
9
An Introduction to Pianos
195
9.1
The Cast of Pianos
195
9.2
The Six-Pack
196
9.3
Naming Convention and the Equal Temperament System
197
9.4
A Different Measure of Frequency: Cents and Semitones
197
9.5
Different Zones in the Stringing Arrangement
200
9.6
Summary
202
10
Some Individual Piano Notes and Their Interactions
203
10.1
Aspects of Three Piano Notes: Steinway C3,
Knabe C4, Knabe C8 203
10.2
A Chromatic Progression
209
10.3
Interaction between Piano Notes
210
10.4
Effect of the Damper
211
10.5
Summary
213
11
The Missing Fundamental
214
11.1
Empirical Evidence
—
The Low Notes
214
11.2
The Appearance of the Fundamental in the Piano s Higher Octaves
217
11.3
Some Support Based on Videos and Calculations
221
11.4
Changing the Sound of a Note by Frequency Domain Filtering
226
11.5
Summary
228
11.6
Exercises
229
12
Octave Stretching, Inharmonicity, and the Railsback Curve
230
12.1
Inharmonicity or Octave Stretching
230
12.2
Inharmonicity of the Cl Note for Several
Pianos
233
12.3
Inharmonicity of the Strings from Chapter Five
234
12.4
The Inharmonicity Coefficient for the
Knabe
Piano
234
12.5
The Inharmonicity Coefficients for the Six Pianos
237
12.6
The Difference between the Fundamental and First Partial Frequencies
237
12.7
The Railsback Curve
239
12.8
Summary
241
13
Beating, Unisons, and Tuning
242
13.1
Beating
242
13.2
Using Spectral Analysis to Follow a Tuning Exercise
242
13.3
Limits of Frequency Detectability
245
13.4
A Spectral Analysis of Intervallic Tuning
246
13.5
Summary
251
13.6
Exercises
252
xiv Contents
14
Two-Dimensional Graphical Metrics
253
14.1
A Variety of Spectral Centroids
253
14.2
Bimodal Comparisons of American and European Pianos
255
14.3
The Effect of Strike Force
258
14.4
Summary
260
14.5
Exercise
260
15
Three-Dimensional Graphical Metrics
261
15.1
The Time-Keys-Amplitude Envelope Map
261
15.2
The Line Spectrum Map
264
15.3
Cumulative Line Spectrum Maps
266
15.4
Summary
276
15.5
Exercises
277
16
An Investigation into Hammer Knock and Key Striking
278
16.1
A Manual Keystroke with a Microphone as a Sensor
278
16.2
A Manual Keystroke with
a Korg
Contact Microphone as a Sensor
281
16.3
A Manual Keystroke with the
Schatten
Soundboard Transducer
282
16.4
Looking at the Early Part of the Wave
282
16.5
Manual Striking versus the Dropping Rod Strike
285
16.6
Analysis of Hammer Knock for
Knabe
C5 and A7
286
16.7
Summary
290
17
Evaluation of a Wapin Bridge Conversion
291
17.1
Spectral Centroid Method
291
17.2
Cumulative Line Spectrum Map Method
293
17.3
Summary
296
18
Similarities between Pianos and Repeatability of Data-Gathering Methods
297
18.1
Comparing Two Steinway Model D s
297
18.2
Repeatability of Data-Gathering Method
299
18.3
Summary
306
19
Two Metrics Applied to Other Instruments
307
19.1
Trombone
307
19.2
Cornet
307
19.3
Bassoon
308
19.4
Flute
309
19.5
Summary
311
20
Use of the Metrics in Production and Development
312
20.1
Limit Samples
312
20.2
Grandfathers or Exemplars in Quality Control
ЗІЗ
20.3
Some Soapbox Comments
313
20.4
Summary of Part Three
314
Contents xv
21
Defining and Understanding Piano Tone (Contributed by Delwin
D Fandrich)
316
21.1
A Designer s Perspective
316
21.2
The Value of Signal Analysis
317
21.3
The Cumulative Line Spectrum Map
322
21.4
Autocorrelation
325
21.5
Conclusion
326
Appendix
1
Mathematical Basis for Part One
327
The Continuous Fourier Transform (FT)
327
Convolution
328
The Discrete Fourier Transform
328
The Fast Fourier Transform
330
The Fine Grid DFT or Fine Grid Line Spectrum
330
Padding
331
Interpretation via Convolution and Windows
332
The Fourier Series
338
Snapshots of the Line Spectrum
339
Calculation of the Spectral Centroid
340
The Autocorrelation
342
A Fine Grid Estimator of the Autocorrelation
343
MP3 and WAV Files
346
Appendix
2
Mathematical Basis for Part Two
348
The Vibrating String
348
The Stiff Vibrating String
354
The Vibrating Bar
355
The Vibrating Membrane
356
The Vibrating Circular Plate
357
The Vibrating Rectangular Plate
358
Adding the String and the Hammer to the Plate
358
Elasticity and Stiffness
358
Summary
360
Appendix
3
Mathematical Basis for Part Three
361
Conversion of Hertz to Cents
361
Cumulative Sum of a Difference
362
Azimuth and Elevation in Three-Dimensional Plots
364
Appendix
4
Experimental Setup
365
Approach
1 366
Approach
2 367
Approach
3 368
Approach
4 368
Appendix
5
A Brief Exposure to
Matlab®
and Octave
369
Matlab
369
Octave
372
References
375
Index
377
|
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| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV042325250 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:18:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198722908 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027762096 |
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| physical | XV, 378 Seiten Diagramme, Notenbeispiele |
| publishDate | 2015 |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Koenig, David M. Verfasser aut Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano David M. Koenig. With comments by Delwin D. Fandrich First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2015 XV, 378 Seiten Diagramme, Notenbeispiele txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Akustische Spektrographie (DE-588)4202331-2 gnd rswk-swf Klavier (DE-588)4030982-4 gnd rswk-swf Musikalische Akustik (DE-588)4123807-2 gnd rswk-swf Musikalische Akustik (DE-588)4123807-2 s Akustische Spektrographie (DE-588)4202331-2 s DE-604 Klavier (DE-588)4030982-4 s Fandrich, Delwin D. Sonstige (DE-588)1067218696 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027762096&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Koenig, David M. Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano Akustische Spektrographie (DE-588)4202331-2 gnd Klavier (DE-588)4030982-4 gnd Musikalische Akustik (DE-588)4123807-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4202331-2 (DE-588)4030982-4 (DE-588)4123807-2 |
| title | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |
| title_auth | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |
| title_exact_search | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |
| title_full | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano David M. Koenig. With comments by Delwin D. Fandrich |
| title_fullStr | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano David M. Koenig. With comments by Delwin D. Fandrich |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano David M. Koenig. With comments by Delwin D. Fandrich |
| title_short | Spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |
| title_sort | spectral analysis of musical sounds with emphasis on the piano |
| topic | Akustische Spektrographie (DE-588)4202331-2 gnd Klavier (DE-588)4030982-4 gnd Musikalische Akustik (DE-588)4123807-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Akustische Spektrographie Klavier Musikalische Akustik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027762096&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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