International law and child soldiers:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Hart
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in international law
53 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 254 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781849465205 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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This book commences with an analysis
of the current state of child soldiering
internationally. Thereafter the proscriptive
content of contemporary norms on the
prohibition of the use and recruitment of
child soldiers is evaluated, so as to determine
whether these norms are capable of better
enforcement. An 'issues-based' approach is
adopted, in terms of which no specific regime
of law, such as international humanitarian
law (IHL), is deemed dominant. Instead,
universal and regional human rights law,
international criminal law and IHL are
assessed cumulatively, so as to create a
mutually reinforcing web of protection.
Ultimately, it is argued that the effective
implementation of child soldier prohibitive
norms does not require major changes to
any entity or functionary engaged in such
prevention; rather, it requires the constant
reassessment and refinement of all such
entities and functionaries, and here, some
changes are suggested. International judicial,
quasi-judicial and non-judicial entities and
functionaries most relevant to child soldier
prevention are critically assessed. Ultimately
the conclusions reached are assessed in light
of a case study on the use and recruitment of
child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo.
Contents r:
1 Situating the Debate 1
I. A Brief Chronology of the Prevention of Child Soldiering 1
II. Conceptualising an "Era of Application' 5
III. 'The Politics of Age' 9
IV. Conceptualising the 'Child Soldier' 13
V. The Potential Role of International Law in Preventing Child
Soldiering 17
VI. Summary 21
2 Contemporary Child Soldiering: Distribution, Use and Causes 25
I. Distribution of Child Soldiers 26
A. The 'Child Soldier Global Reports' 29
i. Child Soldier Distribution Trends:
the 'Global Reports' 33
B. The United Nations Secretary-General's List of Parties
Who Use and Recruit Child Soldiers 35
C. Summary 38
II. The Contemporary Use of Child Soldiers 39
A. Child Soldier Use as an Asymmetric Conflict Structure 39
B. Modern Armed Conflict National Armed Forces and the
Use and Recruitment of Child Soldiers 41
III. Causes of Child Soldiering 44
A. Overarching Causes of the Child Soldier Phenomenon 44
i. The Common Causes versus Sui Generis Approach 45
ii. Forced versus Voluntary Recruitment 47
iii. The Cognitive Development of Children 48
B. Proximate Causes of Child Soldiering 49
IV. Summary 52
3 International Humanitarian Law and the Prevention of Child
Soldiering 53
I. The Geneva Conventions 55
II. Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions 58
A. Take all Feasible Measures 61
B. Take a Direct Part in Hostilities 62
C. Shall Refrain from Recruiting Them 69
D. Their Armed Forces 70
III. Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions 71
IV. Conclusion 73
vii
Vlll
4 International Human Rights Law and International
Humanitarian Law: An Integrated International Law Response to
the Prevention of Child Soldiering 75
L The Co-application of IHRL and IHL in the Prevention of the
Use and Recruitment of Child Soldiers 76
A. The 'Humanisation' of IHL 78
B. The Convergence of IHL and IHRL 79
C. Resolving Norm Conflict 80
i. More Favourable Principle 82
ii. Lex specialis derogat legi generali 83
D. IHL and IHRL: Potential Conflict of Norms 87
II. The Substantive Content of Child Soldier Prohibitive Norms:
Human Rights Law 89
A. Convention on the Rights of the Child 89
B. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child 91
C. International Labour Organization Convention 182 96
D. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 97
III. The Substantive Content of Child Soldier Prohibitive Norms:
Customary International Law 98
A. Status of Ratification of Relevant Instruments 103
IV. Summary 103
5 International Criminal Responsibility and the Prosecution of
Individuals for the Enlistment, Conscription and Use of Child
Soldiers 105
I. The Enlistment, Conscription and Use of Child Soldiers as a
War Crime: Background and Drafting History 106
A. The Child Recruitment Decision 108
i. The Proscriptive Content of the Relevant Customary
Crime 109
ii. Differentiating between the Existence of a Criminal
Norm and the Principles of Legality and Specificity 111
B. The Drafting of the Rome Statute 116
II. 'Using, Conscripting or Enlisting' Children in Terms of the
Positive Law 118
A. Chapeau Requirements 119
B. Objective Requirements 122
i. Enlistment and Conscription 123
ii. Use to Participate Actively in Hostilities 125
C. Subjective Requirements 129
III. The Potential of International Criminal Law to Combat the
Child Soldier Phenomenon 132
ix
A. The ICC as a Deterrent to the Enlistment, Conscription
or Use of Child Soldiers 132
B. The Role of the ICC in Building Capacity in Municipal
Legal Systems 135
i. Universal Jurisdiction 135
ii. The Age of Criminal Responsibility 137
IV The Criminal Responsibility of Child Soldiers 137
V. Summary 139
6 International Institutional Law and the Prevention of Child
Soldiering 143
I. The Proper Levels of Engagement with Child Soldier
Prevention within the United Nations 145
II. A Critical Appraisal of United Nations Initiatives Engaged
with Child Soldier Prevention 147
A. Historical Background 149
B. The Committee on the Rights of the Child 151
i. The Limitations of the Mandate of the Committee 152
ii. The Committee's Approach to Exercising its
Mandate 157
C. The Security Council 159
i. Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism and the
Security Council Working Group 162
D. The Office of the Special Representative to the
Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict 164
III. African Union Engagement with Child Soldier Prevention 167
A. The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and
Welfare of the Child 167
B. African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 168
i. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 169
ii. Locus Standi 171
IV. Summary 174
7 Case Study: The Democratic Republic of the Congo 177
I. Methodology 178
II. The Contemporary Conflict Landscape in the DRC: From
the Demise of Mobuto to the Force Intervention Brigade 182
III. Municipal and International Criminal Prosecutions for the
Use and Recruitment of Child Soldiers in the DRC 185
A. The International Criminal Court 185
B. Municipal Courts in the DRC 187
IV. The United Nations and the Prevention of Child Soldiering
in the DRC 189
A. Engagement by the United Nations Peace Mission in
the DRC and UNICEF with Child Soldier Prevention 190
X
B. The Special Representative to the Secretary-General on
Children and Armed Conflict 194
C. The Security Council Monitoring and Reporting
Mechanism 197
D. The Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration of
Child Soldiers in the DRC 201
V. Summary 206
8 Conclusion 207
I. The Enforceability of International Law Norms Prohibiting
Child Soldiering 207
A. The Relationship between International Humanitarian
Law and International Human Rights Law 208
B. Shortcomings of the Contemporary Prohibitions of Child
Soldiering 210
II. The Refinement of International Law Enforcement
Mechanisms Aimed at the Prevention of Child Soldiering 212
A. The Refinement of United Nations Mechanisms Aimed
at Child Soldier Prevention 213
i. The Special Representative to the Secretary-General
on Children and Armed Conflict 213
ii. The Committee on the Rights of the Child 214
iii. The Security Council 214
B. The Refinement of African Union Mechanisms Aimed at
Child Soldier Prevention 215
C. The Refinement of the International Criminal Court in
Relation to Child Soldier Prevention 216
III. Conclusion: Shifting Focus from Norm Creation to Norm
Enforcement, the Requisites for an 'Era of Application' 217
Bibliography 221
Index 255 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
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| dewey-search | 341.48572 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.48572 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-31T19:06:04Z |
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| isbn | 9781849465205 |
| language | English |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055409-0 (DE-588)4030550-8 (DE-588)4160781-8 |
| title | International law and child soldiers |
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| title_full | International law and child soldiers Gus Waschefort |
| title_fullStr | International law and child soldiers Gus Waschefort |
| title_full_unstemmed | International law and child soldiers Gus Waschefort |
| title_short | International law and child soldiers |
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