Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania: = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania
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Editura Muzeului Naţional Brukenthal
2013
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| Schriftenreihe: | Bibliotheca Brukenthal
66 |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Literaturverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 310 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9786069350805 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania |b = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |c Anamaria Tudorie |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | BIBLIOGRAFIE
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WEB:
http://arheologie.ulbsibiu.ro
www.cimec.ro
215
CUPRINS
INTRODUCEREA EDITORULUI............................................................... 5
CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE............................................................ 7
I. CADRUL GEOGRAFIC................................................................... 9
1.1. Defmirea ariei cercetate......................................................... 9
1.2. Relieful......................................................................... 9
1.3. Hidrografía...................................................................... 10
1.4. Clima............................................................................ 10
1.5. Fauna............................................................................ 11
1.6. Interactiunea omului cu mediul................................................... 11
II. ISTORICUL CERCETÄRILOR CU PRIVIRE LA CULTURA STARCeVO-
CRIS
II. 1. Probleme de terminologie §i notiuni generale................................... 13
11.2. Evolutia cercetärilor arheologice din Transilvania referitoare la cultura Starcevo-
Cri§........................................................................ 20
III. CRONOLOGIA RELATIVÄ §1 ABSOLUTA.................................................. 27
III. 1. Sistemul cronologic................................................. 27
111.2. Probleme de cronologie relativa................................................ 28
111.3. Date de cronologie absoluta.................................................... 30
IV. CULTURA MATE RIALA §1 SPIRITUALÄ.................................................. 33
IV.1. Asezäri, locuinte, fortificatii, anexe.......................................... 33
IV. 2. Manifestäri ale vietii spirituale.............................................. 34
V. CERAMICA PREISTORICÄ.............................................................. 41
V. 1. Tehnologia de producere a ceramicii............................................. 41
V. 2. Gestiunea §i serierea datelor referitoare la cerámica arheologicä. Baze de date. 41
VI. CERAMICA CULTURII STARÖEVO-CRI§ ÎN TRANSILVANIA................................... 55
VI. 1. Evolutia ceramicii Starcevo-Cri§ din Transilvania.............................. 55
VI.2. Dictionare pentru descrierea materialului ceramic............................... 62
VI.3. Cataloage tipologice privind morfología ceramicii Starcevo-Criç................. 72
VI. 4. Cataloage tipologice §i dictionare pentru ornamente............................ 79
VIL AN ALIZE MATEMATICO-STATISTICE.................................................... 89
VIL 1 Metoda de lucru..................................................... 89
VII. 2. Scurtä descriere a siturilor analízate........................................ 91
VII.3. Categoría ceramicä............................................................. 93
VII.4. Culoare............................................................. 105
VII. 5. Amestec............................................................ 124
VII.6. Netezire............................................................ 140
VII.7. Ardere.............................................................. 155
VII.8. Analiza comparativa a tipurilor de buze............................. 163
VII.9. Analiza comparativa a tipurilor de funduri.......................... 167
VIL 10. Analiza comparativa a tipurilor de toarte.................... 169
VII. 11. Analiza comparativa a tipurilor de ornamente................ 171
CONCLUZII............................................................ 179
ABSTRACT............................................................ 185
ABREVIERI BIBLIOGRAFICE.............................................. 193
BIBLIOGRAFIE......................................................... 195
ANEXE................................................................. 217
Lista anexelor........................................................ 217
Glosar de termeni..................................................... 223
Planee................................................................ 225
Fotografii............................................................ 305
ABSTRACT
Technological Aspects Concerning Starcevo-Cri§ Pottery from
Transylvania
Starcevo-Cri§ culture is being spread throw a large geographical space and this is the
reason why this author didn’t discuss the phenomenon and all its manifestations only from the
point of view of the Transylvanian discoveries but has also related them with the similar
discoveries from other geographical spaces where this great cultural complex was discovered.
The beginning of the Neolithic period represented a real phenomenon, marked by
profound transformations and innovations: pottery production, a new way of providing and
storing food, demographic growth, durable houses started to by built and the human groups
changed their religious beliefs.
Two theories concerning the Neolithic’s genesis were stated: the migrationist model and
the autochthonous model (GARASANIN M. 1982, p. 82).
In what concerns the way that the Neolithic’s main characteristics have evolved, even
thought most of the specialists agree with the migrationist model, they don’t necessarily have
the same vision in explaining the transition from one period to another.
The first Neolithic human groups that appeared in Romania were those belonging to
Starcevo-Cri? culture (BERCIU 1958, p. 12-13; VLASSA 1966, p. 47; DUMITRESCU 1970,
p. 192; LAZAROVICI 1971, p. 18; VLASSA 1972, p. 27; CONDURACHI-DAICOVICIU
1975, p. 26; DRA§OVEAN 1981, p. 33; LAZAROVICI 1992, p. 27; CIUTA 2002, p. 3-4;
LAZAROVICI 2005, p. 45; LUCA 2006, p. 11; LUCA et alii 2010a, p. 103).
The way this human communities start practicing agriculture and also the way they started
expanding couldn’t be exactly explained yet but, there are a few theories more or less
accepted by the specialists. If a colonization process would have taken place, then this process
would have involved the fact that the new communities, in their search of fertile lands for
practicing agriculture, would have populated regions that were not occupied by other people
(LAZAROVICI 2005, p. 30-31). So, in this case, the Mesolithic fond shouldn’t exist, or it
should be poorly represent.
Lor Romania, there have been established three routes for these communities to come.
One of them is Vardar-Morava, from where they got through Thessaly in the north-western
part of former Yugoslavia, represented by the discoveries from Anzabegovo and Vrsnik, and
from there they got to the Iron Gates region, to the middle of the Danube basin, then to the
basin of Mure§ river, this fact being proved by the discoveries from Donja Branjevina,
Grivac, Ocna Sibiului-Triguri, Miercurea SibiuluiWir/y, Gura Baciului, Szarvas; the second
route is Sturma’s Valley, all the way to the north-west of Bulgaria, marked by the discoveries
from Kovacevo, Galabnik, Kremikovici; in the end, the third route connects south Bulgaria to
its center on Marita’s Valley, this being indicated by the discoveries from Karanovo (LUCA
et alii 2010, p. 103).
The problem of the Neolithic genesis and its first developments in the Romanian aria, but
also the connections with other geographical areas produced a serial of discussion and
controversies between the archeologists that have been studying this period.
After the number of archeological sites belonging to Early Neolithic from Romania
increased, researchers like Nicolae Vlassa (VLASSA 1966, p. 46; VLASSA 1972, p. 24),
Gheorghe Lazarovici (LAZAROVICI 1969, p. 8; LAZAROVICI 1975, p. 8; LAZAROVICI
1983a, p. 16; LAZAROVICI 2005, p. 47), Vladimir Dumitrescu (DUMITRESCU 1970, p.
199), Eugen Com§a (COM§A 1978, p. 12), Florin Dra§ovean (DRA§OVEAN 1981, p. 34),
Sabin Adrian Luca (LUCA 1999a, p. 6; LUCA 2004, p. 13; LUCA 2006b, p. 25), Nicolae
Ursulescu (URSULESCU 1998-2000, p. 283-294; URSULESCU 2000, p. 16-17)
demonstrated their connections with the same phenomena in Thessaly (Protosesklo, Sesklo),
Macedonia (Nea Nicomedea, Virsnic, Anzabegovo), Bulgaria (Karanovo-Kremicovici),
185
Serbia (Starcevo), Hungary (Kôrôs). In this region, Early Neolithic has a unitary evolution,
with some regional specific aspects.
The Neolithic impulse came from Anatolia, spreading through the Aegean and Balkans
aria and then to the north Danubian region. The innovations brought by the southern
communities have decisively influenced the Mesolithic ones, but it is also true that the old
inhabitants managed to transmit and impose certain elements, like different technologies
chipped stone tools processing.
One of Neolithic’s fundamental attributes is agriculture which implied also other
transformations for the human communities. It is a new way of life by discovering, for starter,
the alternative methods in food providing, with an incipient agricultural system: growing
plants and domesticating animals. This is the main element that certifies the existence of a
Neolithic life and also the existence of durable houses.
The Néolithisation of Romania, excepting Dobrogea and Maramure§ areas was produced
by Starcevo-Cri§ culture communities.
For a long period of time historians believed that Neolithic is strictly connected with the
production of ceramics. As already pointed out above, pottery wasn’t for Early Neolithic the
most important element.
Impelled by the discoveries from Near East, Vladimir Milojcic asserted that this kind of
situations should appear also on Greece’s territory but not even in the last synthesis
concerning the Early Neolithic from Greece this problem couldn’t be solved, remaining an
opened issue for the specialists (PERLÉS 2004, p. 64-65). Until this moment, on Romania’s
territory hasn’t been confirmed the existence of an Aceramic Neolithic as it appears in Near
East, in discoveries like the ones from Jerichon, Hacilar or Jarmo.
The Romanian historians used in the first phase the name Cri§ to define Early Neolithic
on Romania’s territory, after translating the term Kôrôs (LAZAROVICI 1977a, p. 32;
DRAÇOVEAN 1981, p. 33; CIUTÂ 2005, p. 10), the place where the first characteristics
discoveries from Hungary were made, although this culture spreads into a much wider space
then Kôrôs rivers basins (KUTZIAN 1947, p. 1).
The composed term of Starcevo-Cri§ appeared in the Romanian historiography in the
period 1950-1960 (BERCIU 1959, p. 75; BERCIU 1961a, p. 104-105). The term Starcevo
comes from a locality near Pancevo, in Serbia, where the first archeological materials of this
kind appeared (*** 1960, p. 38, BERCIU 1961, p. 12-13; VLASSA 1966, p. 47;
DUMITRESCU 1970, p. 192; VLASSA 1972, p. 27; DRAÇOVEAN 1981, p. 33;
DUMITRESCU-VULPE 1988, p. 30; LAZAROVICI 1992, p. 27; MINICHREIER 2001, p.
201; CIUTÂ 2002, p. 3-4; BUDJA 2004, p. 238; LAZAROVICI 2005, p. 45).
After some discoveries, earlier that the ones form Starcevo appeared many archeologist
considered that they have to rediscount terminology. The most vehement discussions from the
Romanian historiography appeared once with the need to define the Néolithisation process,
marked by the Early Neolithic discoveries from Gura Baciului — Cluj County (VLASSA
1968; VLASSA 1972, p. 7-28; LAZAROVICI-MAXIM 1995), Cârcea - Dolj County (NICA
1976; NICA 1981; NICA 1983; NICA 1984; NICA 1991, 88; NICA 1995; NICA-
RÂDOIESCU 2007), Ocna Sibiului - Sibiu County (PAUL 1981, p. 17-19; PAUL 1989)
and more recently the ones from §eu§a - Alba County (CIUTÂ 1998; CIUTÂ et alii 1999;
CIUTÂ 2000; CIUTÂ 2005, p. 152-153) and Miercurea Sibiului — Sibiu County (LUCA et
alli 2003, p. 140; LUCA 2004; LUCA-SUCIU 2004, p. 1-15; LUCA-SUCIU 2007, p. 78-79;
LUCA et alli 2004a; LUCA et alli 2005; LUCA et alli 2006; LUCA et alli 2007; LUCA et
alli 2007a; LUCA et alli 2008; LUCA et alli 2008a, LUCA et alli 2009; LUCA et alli 2009a;
LUCA et alli 2010).
The fact that Romanian specialists use such a big number of terms for defining the
cultural phenomenon of the Néolithisation produces many confusions and contradictions.
186
Considering the discoveries made until now, in order to name the first Neolithic culture from
Romania the term Starcevo-Cri§ culture is still the one used by most of the specialist, the term
Cri§ culture being obsolete. When referring to the whole geographical space where this
phenomenon is present there are different names, for each of these zones: Thessaly -
Protosesklo, Macedonia — Kremicovici, Nea Nikomedeia-Vrsnic-Anzabegovo, Serbia and
Bosnia Herzegovina — Starcevo, Bulgaria — Karanovo /, Kremicovici, Hungary - Koros.
The local evolutions of this cultural complex, influenced by different factors like: clime,
vegetation, water, the qualities of the soil, material resources, can’t be denied.
In 1950 Vladimir Milojcic divides the evolution of Starcevo-Cri§ culture in four phases: 1
hypothetical (without being known any site for this phase at that moment), II, III and IV -
contemporary with Vinca A. After analyzing approximately 50.000 pottery shards from the
excavations from the site Starcevo, Draga Garasanin created in 1954 a new system. In 1959
she authored a new system having the phases I, Ha, lib, III which corresponds widely with the
ones proposed by Vladimir Milojcic. In 1963 Sergej Dimitrijevic decided to use terms like
Linear, Ghirlandoid, Spiraloid for defining the phases of evolution for Starcevo culture.
These terms represent dominating styles in the painted pottery. Eleven years later the term
Monocrom was added (LAZAROVICI 1979, p. 17-19).
During 1970’s, after analyzing especially the ceramic material and taking as an example
the scheme proposed by Tatiana Bregant, Gheorghe Lazarovici sets the bases for a
chronological system for Starcevo-Cri§ culture, which is still being used. This system is
formed of four main phases - I, II, III, IV — each and every one having tree or two sub
phases: I (A,B,C), II (A,B), III (A,B), IV (A,B) (LAZAROVICI 1977a, p. 34-49;
LAZAROVICI 1979, p. 19; LAZAROVICI, LAZAROVICI 1996, p. 63-64).
The first bibliographical mention of a Starcevo-Cri§ pot shard dates from 1873 when it
was discovered in Sovenyhaza and published along with some other similar shards found near
Seghedin (VLASSA 1966, p. 3). In 1944 Ida Kutzian’s volume A Koros-Kultura appears, first
in a Hungarian version and three years later in English (KUTZIAN 1947). Into this volume
there are also some mentions about discoveries belonging to Early Neolithic from Romania.
In 1943, due to the excavations from Ciumafaia (Cluj County) made by Mihaly Parducz, the
existence of “Cri$ culture” in Romania was recognized (VLASSA 1966, p. 11; CRI$AN et
alii, p. 113-114).
In the period of 1940’s the information about Early Neolithic were rather limited due to
the small number of researches, reason why many confusions or contradictions appeared.
The first Romanian archaeologist that has tried to describe the phenomena of Early
Neolithic in north Danubian space were: Mircea Petrescu-Dambovita, loan Nestor, Dumitru
Berciu, Kurt Horedt, Eugen Com§a and Vladimir Dumitrescu.
Very important contributions to the study of Early Neolithic in Romania and its
connections with Macedonia and Thessaly, but also the new information on the evolution of
Starcevo-Cri$ were made by Nicolae Vlassa. Hi also authored the first synthesis about Early
Neolithic in Transylvania (VLASSA 1966), but he is also the first to start the researches at
Gura Baciului, the site that became a reference point in what concerns the definition of Early
Neolithic life in Romania. In 1960, under the supervision of §tefan Ferenczi, Nicolae Vlassa
started the first excavations from Gura Baciului (Cluj County), and they continued in 1968,
1969 and 1970. During 1968 and 1969 the researches were leaded by Professor Atilla Palko,
and in 1970 by Nicolae Vlassa (VLASSA 1968, p. 371; VLASSA 1972, p. 7-8;
LAZAROVICI-MAXIM 1995, p. 45-48).
During 1974-1988 Iuliu Paul excavated one of the most important sites for Early Neolithic
in Romania. This is Ocna Sibiului-Triguri, where six levels belonging to Early Neolithic have
been discovered: Ia-b, Ila-b, Illa-b (CIUTA 2005, p. 20).
187
As a result of the collaboration between Gheorghe Lazarovici and Zoia Maxim in 1995
the volume Gura Baciului was published and it confirmed, once again (as if it was necessary)
the great importance of the discoveries from this sit. The two archaeologist have restarted the
researches from the sit of Gura Baciului, stared in 1960 by Nicolae Vlassa, to whom was
actually the volume dedicated to (LAZAROVICI-MAXIM 1995).
During the last thirty years, archeologist started to use, more frequently, the information
provided by other sciences, in order to have a more accurate view of the archeological
situations. Since 1985, with the help of the Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory form
Mathematic Faculty at Babe§-Bolyai University from Cluj Napoca, collaboration between
mathematicians, informaticians and archeologists was settled. The archeologists were helped
to create data basis where they could store information about archeological discoveries
(MAXIM 1999, p. 8). The first data base containing information about Starcevo-Cri§ culture
was the one from Gura Baciului, which contained, in the first phase 19.000 objects. This
working system is still being uses like the case from the one at Miercurea Sibiului-Pe/rf?
(Sibiu County), Ceri§or-Pegtera Cauce (Hunedoara County), Tartaria-Gwra Luncii (Alba
Coutny) or §eu§a-La cararea morii (Alba County).
A very important site for the study of Early Neolithic in Romania is Miercurea Sibiului-
Petris (Sibiu County), which has been investigated starting with 1997 (LUCA et alii 2003, p.
140; LUCA 2004; LUCA-SUCIU 2004, p. 11-15; LUCA-SUCIU 2007, p. 78-79; LUCA et
alii 2004a; LUCA et alii 2005; LUCA et alii 2006; LUCA et alii 2007; LUCA et alii 2007a;
LUCA et alii 2008; LUCA et alii 2008a, LUCA et alii 2009; LUCA et alii 2009a; LUCA et
alii 2010). The oldest layer here belongs to Starcevo-Cri§ culture, having many sublevels: la -
Starcevo-Cri§ phase IB, lb - Starcevo-Cri§ phase IC-IIA, Ic - Starcevo-Cri§ phase IIB-IIIA.
All the materials belonging to Early Neolithic has been analyzed with statistical techniques
(TUDORIE 2011) and the results were compared with the information belonging to the same
period from Gura Baciului and §eu§a and published in several studies (LUCA-SUCIU 2007;
LUCA-SUCIU 2008; LUCA et alii 2008).
In 1985 Gheorghe Lazarovici pointed all the Starcevo-Cri§ discoveries from Romania at
that moment and their number rose to 131 sites. More recently a new project - FEPRE
(LUCA et alii 2010a; LUCA et alii 201 lb; LUCA et alii 2011c) was finished and its purpose
was to register all the Early Neolithic discoveries from Transylvania, Banat, Cri§ana,
Maramure§ and Western Oltenia. The data base crated was correlated with the one of
radiocarbon data for this period, in Romania. 320 points were identified from which 148 are
from Transylvania.
The chronological system used by the author is the one elaborated by Gheorghe
Lazarovici.
Based on the last radio-carbon data, it seems that the first Neolithic communities,
belonging from a cultural point of view to the stage Starcevo-Cri§ IA-IB, appeared on the
territory of Romania during the last two centuries of the eight millennium, uncalibrated BP,
and they have lasted until over 100 years (7200-7000 necalibrat BP). The second phase
appears right after the year 7000 uncalibrated BP 5900 Cal BC). Some sites continued to be
occupied in this period too, like the case of Carcea, Ocna Sibiului, Miercurea Sibiului, §eu§a,
Gura Baciului and other settlements only now appear. The radiocarbon data belonging to this
phase come just after the former one, without being any gap between them. Starting with the
third phase some cultural elements that have come from Banat, south of Danube and Tisa
Plain can be noticed. The first Vinca communities appear in Transylvania in the middle of this
phase (LUCA-SUCIU 2008, p. 46-47). The end of Starcevo-Cri§ culture is determined by
Vinca communities, but this phenomenon doesn’t’t happen in the same way in all the
occupied areas. Some Early Neolithic communities manage to continue their existence until
188
phase IIIB-IVA, other are just being influenced by the Vinca ones, other are just “replaced”
and sometimes the synthesis between the two cultures produced other cultural aspects.
For Early Neolithic, in Romania, several types have been documented: pit houses, semi-
subterranean houses, surface houses (LAZAROVICI-LAZAROVICI C.M. 2006, p. 88;
LAZAROVICI-LAZAROVICI C.M. 2011).
The settlement’s dimensions are different, but in most of the cases not bigger than one
hectare. The first fortified or defended settlements apear starting with the end of Early
Neolithic, at one time with the Balkan-Anatolian Chalcolithic (MAXIM 1999, p. 56;
LAZAROVICI-LAZAROVICI C.M. 2011, p. 22).
The beginning of Neolithic wasn’t marked only by economical transformations, like food
production, pottery, innovations in what concerns the way stone was processed, but also a so
called religious “revolution”. But, this last one is in a bigger part, if not totally, influenced by
modifications produced by agriculture. If during Paleolithic hunting wad the main source of
food, activity which is not being abandoned during Neolithic, cultivating plants and
domesticating animals becomes more and more important in this new period. This fact it is
also being reflected within the magical-religious life of Early Neolithic tribes.
Art history first stylistically transformation happens once with Neolithic (HAUSER 1987,
P-13).
The spiritual life of the Early Neolithic communities is most of it concentrated in a
religious duality: a feminine one, represented by the Goddess Mother and a masculine one,
represented by the bull.
Prehistoric archeological sites are the provider of a great quantity of pottery and that is
why an accurate analysis of this material represents most of the times a very important source
of information about the way old communities used to live, but also an important reference
point in establishing chronological details.
The highest number of archaeological ceramic objects is represented by pottery which
could have been used for different porpoises: for keeping and/or transporting liquid and solid
contains, cooking, serving food and water or of a cultic role. Each and every one of these
situations detennines the use of a different type of pottery and the way they were used is
stated by observing the archaeological context of the discovery but also with
etnoarcheological studies. It is also a fact that functionality of pottery can’t be strictly set by
the morphological point of view because it is quite possible that it could serve different
(multiple) porpoises.
Even thought some burned ceramic objects appeared even since Upper Paleolithic, as the
figurines from Dolni Vestonice, the spread and the adaptation to the techniques of ceramic
production didn’t occur until the middle of the seventh millennium BC (BAILEY 2000, p.
77).
Karen Vitelli argued that the earliest ceramic vessels do not possess the characteristics
that would associate them with food warming or cooking and the fact that before the
appearance of pottery and a period after there have been many methods for food preparation
that didn’t include the use of pottery (BAILEY 2000, 80). For Early Neolithic in Greece none
of the vessels discovered was identified as cooking pots, while in the Late Neolithic
approximately 30% of the pots were used for cooking. The appearance of cooking pots almost
1000 years after emerge of Neolithic in Greece suggests the differences in diet between the
Early and the Late Neolithic in Greece (UREM-KOTSOU et alii 2002, p. 110). Cooked meals
also allowed children to be healthier and old people to live longer (VINCENTELLI 1992, p.
12).
The new Neolithic way of life was considered to be close related with the appearance of
pottery. Pottery has been connected with sedentism, food production and storage. So, pottery
189
appears as a necessity for the Neolithic communities and it should not be considered a
subordinate part of the “Neolithic package” (UREM-KOTSOU et alii 2002, p. 109).
Prehistoric pottery must also be considered a very important social and symbolic element.
Pottery was one of the powerful elements which people used to build alliance networks and in
difficult times these alliance would have served for providing support or food. It is possible
that these alliances to be founded on regular meetings where they shared food and drinks or
fasting. Food and drink were served in special decorated pottery (BAILEY 2000, 82).
Because of the great number of ceramic materials resulted after the archaeological
excavations, the Romanian researches had to face the lack of depositing space and because of
this matter they had to select the materials and sometimes they entire lot of ceramics couldn’t
be studied. This was the main reason why the idea of creating special data bases for stocking
all the information about objects discovered on the archaeological excavations appeared.
The informatical system used by the author in this paper is called ZEUS and it has been
projected by Lucian Tarcea, after a collaborating with an interdisciplinary collective
coordinated by Gheorghe Lazarovici.
ZEUS is structured in three modules: the management of data basis module, interrogations
module and data basis processing (TARCEA et alii 1996, p. 683). The program is composed
of one part which is managing the data basis (ZEUS) and one part that is processing data -
APL Win (LAZAROVICI-MICLE 2001, p. 105).
The management of data basis module is composed by a set of catalogues, each catalogue
being formed by several data basis. A data base contains one or more tables linked between
one and other by some specific relations. The cells from the table can be codified under the
form of dictionaries which are being connected directly to the data basis. The interrogation
module is composed by: selection and editing the data from one or more tables; grouping the
data in categories and their correlation with the value; sorting registration; creating a table
from parts belonging to other tables; modification, deleting or adding groups of registration.
And, in the end, the processing module has the following functions: extracting the selected
information from one or more tables; converting the qualitative data into quantitative data;
designing graphics; serrations; automatic classifications; factorial analysis; conversion into a
form that can be used by other programs.
Using codified catalogues and dictionaries in order to describe the archeological materials
resulted after the excavation helps a great deal to eliminating the descriptive language with a
codified one, which increases the number of objects analyses in a certain period of time.
Having as a purpose the growth of efficiency in what concerns stocking information
about archeological pottery, but also for a better interpretation of this material and in the end
to correlate the information with others resulted from other archeological excavation that are
being situated at the same chronological level, the pottery resulted after the researches from
Miercurea Sibiului-Pe/r/.y was analyzed taking into count the category, color, temper, surface
treatment, burning, ornamentation and pottery shape. There have been used the catalogues
and dictionaries elaborated by Gheorghe Lazarovici and completed by Zoia Maxim for
Starcevo-Cri§ culture (MAXIM 1999, p. 30-61) but, because not all the pottery discovered
could be described using the existing codes to the dictionaries and catalogues mentioned
above new codes were added (NITU-§EULEAN 2006, p. 33, 36-37; TUDORIE 2011, p. 7-8).
For the present study this author made individual analysis, on each archeological complex,
but also a comparative analysis, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, of the
Starcevo-Crii? pottery resulted from the excavations of Miercurea Sibiului-T’ctr/.y (Sibiu
County), Gura Baciului (Cluj County), §eu§a- La cararea morii (Alba County), Ceri§or-
Pe^tera Cauce (Hunedoara County), losa§-Anele (Arad County), Turda§-Lunca (Hunedoara
Coutny), Cioara (Alba Conty), Cristian I (Sibiu County). A total of 28.636 fragments.
190
In what concerns the pottery from Miercurea Sibiului-.Petnÿ the entire lot is represented
by the quantity of Starcevo-Cri§ ceramic material resulted after the excavations between 2003
and 2010.
From a quantitative point of view, for Miercurea Sibiului site, 12 archeological features
were analyzed: Bi - 133 fragments, B9 - 764 fragments, Bio — 382 fragments, B17 - 649
fragments, B19 - 720 fragments, B20 - 146 fragments, B21 - 200 fragments, G26 - 532
fragments, G28 - 235 fragments, G35 - 96 fragments, G?* - 557 fragments, a total of 4.414
fragments.
For Gura Baciului: Bl — 193 fragments, B2A - 119 fragments, B8 - 76 fragments, B9b -
43 fragments, B10 - 182 fragments, B20 — 745 fragments, G26 — 23 fragments, P19 - 25
fragments, P5a - 314 fragments, P6a - 858 fragments, P7a - 258 fragments, G14 - 15
fragments, P20 - 332 fragments, P21a — 686 fragments, P7a - 257 fragments, B9 - 44
fragments, B27 - 64 fragments, B30 - 109 fragments, B32 — 67 fragments, a total of 4.390
fragments.
The study made on the pottery from Çeu§a-Ta cârarea morii, Feature Lj/1997 was
involved 423 pottery fragments, for Cefi§ox-Pe§tera Cauce 111 Starcevo-Criç fragments, and
for losa§-Anele 128 fragments.
The archeological pottery is being widely characterized through the used temper, burning,
shape and ornamentation. All this characteristics are different from one historical period to
another, from an archeological culture to another.
The necessity to use data bases for stoking information from archeological researches is
obvious. Not only that the lack of space for storing objects is being partially solved, but
important data can be easily accessed. In addition, by using the same system by different
research teams, on different archeological sites, there can be easily made correlations with
other discoveries that belong to a certain culture.
191
|
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| author | Tudorie, Anamaria 1984- |
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| id | DE-604.BV042274064 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:17:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786069350805 |
| language | Romanian |
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| spelling | Tudorie, Anamaria 1984- Verfasser (DE-588)1268120448 aut Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Anamaria Tudorie Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Sibiu Editura Muzeului Naţional Brukenthal 2013 310 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliotheca Brukenthal 66 Englische Zusammenfassung Bibliotheca Brukenthal 66 (DE-604)BV022503484 66 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tudorie, Anamaria 1984- Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Bibliotheca Brukenthal |
| title | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
| title_alt | Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
| title_auth | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
| title_exact_search | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
| title_full | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Anamaria Tudorie |
| title_fullStr | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Anamaria Tudorie |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania Anamaria Tudorie |
| title_short | Aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii Starčevo-Criş din Transilvania |
| title_sort | aspecte tehnologice ale ceramicii starcevo cris din transilvania technological aspects concerning starcevo cris pottery from transylvania |
| title_sub | = Technological aspects concerning Starčevo-Criş pottery from Transylvania |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027711571&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022503484 |
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