Nature, human nature, & human difference: race in early modern philosophy
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Princeton, NJ [u.a.]
Princeton Univ. Press
2015
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
Beschreibung: | VIII, 296 S. |
ISBN: | 9780691153643 9780691176345 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | People have always been xenophobic, hut an
explicit philosophical and scientific view of
human racial difference only began to emerge
during the modern period. Why and how did
this happen? Surveying a range of philosophi-
cal and natural-scientific texts, dating from the
Spanish Renaissance to the German Enlight-
enment, Nature* hhuman Nature, and hi uman
Difference charts the evolution of the modern
concept of race and shows that natural philos-
ophy, particularly efforts to taxonomize and to
order nature, played a crucial role.
Smith demonstrates how the denial of moral
equality between Europeans and non - Europeans
resulted from converging philosophical and
scientific developments, including a declin-
ing belief in human natures universality and
the rise of biological classification. The ra-
cial typing of human beings grew from the
need to understand humanity within an all-
encompassing system of nature, alongside
plants, minerals, primates, and other animals.
While racial difference as seen through science
did not arise in order to justify the enslave-
ment of people, it became a rationalization and
buttress for the practices of trans- Atlantic slav-
ery֊ From the work of Francois Bernier to G.
W. Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, and others, Smith
delves into philosophy’s part in the legacy and
damages of modern racism.
With a broad narrative stretching over two
centuries, 1Mature, Human Nature, and Human
Difference takes a critical historical look at how
the racial categories that we divide ourselves
into came into being.
Justin E. H. Smith is university professor
of the history and philosophy of science at
the Universite Paris Diderot—Paris VII. He is
the author of Divine NLachines: Leibniz and
the Sciences of Life (Princeton), coeditor and
cotranslator of 7he Leibniz-Stahl Controversy,
and a regular contributor to the ATew York
Times and other publications.
Jacket Art: Cover of the first edition of Williem
Pisos Historia Naturalis Hrasiliae, 1648.
“Combining philosophical and historical analysis and a mine of research,
this book documents the evolution of the race construct in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. At a time when the philosophy
of race is vigorously reinventing itself, Justin Smith provides
readers with an insightful foray into the modern European
mindset constructing non-European otherness ”
—Koffi N. Maglo, University of Cincinnati
“Charting the discourse on human race in early modern philosophy, this
book makes important contributions to the history and philosophy of
race—a subject that continues to haunt contemporary debates. Smith
covers an exceedingly complex terrain of disparate ideas and arguments,
stretching across centuries and a wide range of national contexts. This is a
valuable, thought-provoking, and innovative addition to the literature”
—Staffan Müller-Wille, University of Exeter
Contents
Acknowledgments ix
A Note on Citations and Terminology x
Introduction 1
1.1 Nature 1
1.2 Historical Ontology 2
1.3 The History of Science and the History of Philosophy 10
1.4 Aims and Outline 17
Chapter 1: Curious Kinks 24
1.1 Essence 24
1.2 Race and Cognition 28
1.3 Race without a Theory of Essences; or, Liberal Racism 32
1.4 Constructionism and Eliminativism 38
1.5 Natural Construction 47
1.6 Conclusion 54
Chapter 2: Toward a Historical Ontology of Race 56
2.1 False Positives in the History of Race 56
2.2 “Erst Spruce, Now Rusty and Squalid” 58
2.3 Race and Dualism 64
2.4 Conclusion 68
Chapter 3: New Worlds 70
3.1 “I Had to Laugh Vehemently at Aristotle’s Meteorological
Philosophy” 70
3.2 America and the Limits of Philosophy 72
3.3 Native Knowledge 78
3.4 Conclusion 90
Chapter 4; The Specter of Polygenesis 92
4.1 Libertinism and Naturalism from the Sixteenth to the
Eighteenth Century 92
4.2 Pre-Adamism 102
4.3 Diffusionist Models 105
4.4 Conclusion 113
Chapter 5: Diversity as Degeneration 114
5.1 The “History of Abused Nature” 114
5.2 Diet and Custom 123
5.3 Hybridism and the Threat of Ape-Human Kinship 129
5.4 Conclusion 138
viii · Contents
Chapter 6: From Lineage to Biogeography 140
6.1 Race, Species, Breed 140
6.2 François Bernier s Racial Geography 143
6.3 A Gassendian Natural Philosopher in the Court of the
Grand Moghul 149
6.4 Bernier and Leibniz 155
6.5 Conclusion 158
Chapter 7: Leibniz on Human Equality and Human
Domination 160
7.1 Introduction 160
7.2 Chains: Leibniz on the Series Generationum 163
7.3 Chains, Continued: Leibniz on Slavery 170
7.4 The Science of Singular Things 183
7.5 Mapping the Diversity of the Russian Empire 187
7.6 Conclusion: Diversity without Race 202
Chapter 8: Anton Wilhelm Amo 207
8.1 “The Natural Genius of Africa” 207
8.2 Amo’s Legacy 215
8.3 The Impassivity of the Human Mind 221
8.4 Conclusion: From Philippi to Kant 227
Chapter 9: Race and Its Discontents in the
Enlightenment 231
9.1 Introduction 231
9.2 The Significance of Skin Color 235
9.3 Kant: From Non Sequitur to Critique? 241
9.4 J. G. Herder: The Expectation of Brotherhood 248
9.5 J. F. Blumenbach: Variety without Plurality 252
Conclusion 264
Biographical Notes 269
Bibliography 2 73
Index 293
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Smith, Justin E. H. 1972- |
author_GND | (DE-588)134041747 |
author_facet | Smith, Justin E. H. 1972- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Smith, Justin E. H. 1972- |
author_variant | j e h s jeh jehs |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV042266432 |
classification_rvk | CC 6400 LB 31960 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)904467184 (DE-599)BVBBV042266432 |
discipline | Philosophie Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
era | Geschichte 1500-1800 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1500-1800 |
format | Book |
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isbn | 9780691153643 9780691176345 |
language | English |
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publisher | Princeton Univ. Press |
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spelling | Smith, Justin E. H. 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)134041747 aut Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy Justin E. H. Smith Nature, human nature, and human difference Princeton, NJ [u.a.] Princeton Univ. Press 2015 VIII, 296 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Geschichte 1500-1800 gnd rswk-swf Rasse (DE-588)4048440-3 gnd rswk-swf Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf Rasse (DE-588)4048440-3 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s Geschichte 1500-1800 z DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027704073&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027704073&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Smith, Justin E. H. 1972- Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy Rasse (DE-588)4048440-3 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4048440-3 (DE-588)4045791-6 |
title | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy |
title_alt | Nature, human nature, and human difference |
title_auth | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy |
title_exact_search | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy |
title_full | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy Justin E. H. Smith |
title_fullStr | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy Justin E. H. Smith |
title_full_unstemmed | Nature, human nature, & human difference race in early modern philosophy Justin E. H. Smith |
title_short | Nature, human nature, & human difference |
title_sort | nature human nature human difference race in early modern philosophy |
title_sub | race in early modern philosophy |
topic | Rasse (DE-588)4048440-3 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Rasse Philosophie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027704073&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027704073&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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