Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Poznań
Gramond Oficyna Wydawnicza
2014
Biblioteka Uniwersytecka |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Bulgarians in Bessarabia - 200 years of history Bibliogr. s. 119-125 |
| Beschreibung: | 130, [1] s., [2] s. tabl. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788389250483 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii |c Jerzy Hatłas |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Bulgarians in Bessarabia - 200 years of history | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 119-125 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152725032665088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.
Przesiedlenia ludności bułgarskiej z obszaru Bułgarii na tereny sąsiednie
oraz ich uwarunkowania historyczno-demograficzne
..................................................... 9
1.1.
Besarabia
-
kraina pomiędzy dwoma rzekami
......................................................... 9
1.2.
Ruch migracyjny ludności bułgarskiej z Półwyspu Bałkańskiego do Besarabii
... 10
1.3.
Przesiedlenie w latach
1806-1812..............................................................................13
1.4.
Losy Bułgarów w carskiej Rosji i w Mołdawii po drugim wielkim
przesiedleniu
..................................................................................................................15
2.
W granicach Rumunii oraz w ZSRR
...................................................................................25
2.1.
Bułgarzy w „Wielkiej Rumunii
..................................................................................25
2.2.
Pierwszy okres władzy ZSRR
......................................................................................40
2.3.
Losy Bułgarów pod administracją rumuńską
(1941-1944)....................................46
2.4.
Ponownie w granicach ZSRR
(1944-1991)...............................................................49
2.4.1.
Rok
1944.............................................................................................................49
2.4.2.
Lata
1945-1950 -
głód i represje.
.....................................................................50
2.4.3.
Dalsze lata w ZSRR
............................................................................................55
3.
Bułgarzy w Republice Mołdawii
..........................................................................................58
3.1.
Status prawny mniejszości bułgarskiej w Mołdawii
.................................................58
3.2.
Liczebność oraz dyslokacja Bułgarów w Mołdawii
..................................................59
3.2.1.
Rejon taraklij
ski
.................................................................................................61
3.2.2.
Miasto Taraklija
..................................................................................................63
3.2.3.
„Bułgarskie miejscowości w rejonie taraklijskim
.........................................64
3.2.4.
Terytorium Autonomiczne Gagauzja
..............................................................67
3.2.5.
Bułgarzy w Kiszyniowie
....................................................................................67
3.2.6.
Bułgarzy w innych rejonach Mołdawii
...........................................................68
3.3.
Najważniejsze bułgarskie organizacje pozarządowe w Republice Mołdawii
........68
3.3.1.
Organizacje ogólnokrajowe
..............................................................................68
3.3.2.
Stowarzyszenia regionalne
................................................................................70
3.4.
Instytucje kultury mniejszości bułgarskiej w Mołdawii
..........................................71
3.4.1.
Centra kultury
....................................................................................................71
3.4.2.
Biblioteki
.............................................................................................................71
3.4.3.
Teatr
.....................................................................................................................72
3.4.4.
Zespoły ludowe
..................................................................................................72
3.5.
Edukacja
.........................................................................................................................72
3.5.1.
Szkolnictwo wyższe
......................................................................................... 72
3.5.2.
Szkolnictwo niższego stopnia
......................................................................... 75
3.6.
Media
............................................................................................................................ 77
3.6.1.
Prasa
.................................................................................................................. 77
3.6.2.
Radio
.................................................................................................................. 78
3.6.3.
Telewizja
............................................................................................................ 78
4.
Bułgarzy w ukraińskiej części Budziaka
........................................................................... 79
4.1.
Status prawny mniejszości bułgarskiej na Ukrainie
............................................... 79
4.2.
Liczebność oraz dyslokacja Bułgarów w ukraińskiej części Budziaka
................. 79
4.2.1.
Bołgrad i rejon bołgradski
.............................................................................. 80
4.2.2.
Bołgrad
-
stolica Bułgarów w Besarabii
........................................................ 80
4.2.3.
Miejscowości rejonu bołgradsakiego
............................................................ 82
4.3.
Organizacje społeczno-kulturalne diaspory bułgarskiej na Ukrainie
................. 83
4.3.1.
Organizacje ogólnokrajowe
............................................................................ 83
4.3.2.
Stowarzyszenia lokalne
................................................................................... 84
4.3.3.
Edukacja
............................................................................................................ 85
4.3.4.
Inne przejawy kultywowania kultury bułgarskiej w południowym
Budziaku
........................................................................................................... 90
5.
Tożsamość narodowa Bułgarów w Besarabii
................................................................... 91
5.1.
Znajomość języka ojczystego wśród bułgarskich mieszkańców południowej
Besarabii
....................................................................................................................... 91
5.2.
Język rosyjski a Bułgarzy w Besarabii
....................................................................... 93
5.3.
Symbole narodowe Bułgarów w Besarabii
............................................................... 94
5.4.
Poczucie tożsamości narodowej wśród Bułgarów w Besarabii
a ich postrzeganie we współczesnym społeczeństwie bułgarskim
....................... 95
5.5.
Kontakty z obcymi oraz z sąsiadami
........................................................................ 97
5.6.
Bułgarzy w Besarabii a władze Bułgarii
................................................................... 98
6.
Wybrane elementy struktury społecznej oraz kultury duchowej Bułgarów
w Besarabii
............................................................................................................................100
6.
L
Struktura społeczna bułgarskich kolonistów oraz ich potomków
........................100
6.2.
Życie religijne
..............................................................................................................102
6.2.1.
Obiekty sakralne
..............................................................................................102
6.2.2.
Religijność Bułgarów w Besarabii
..................................................................108
Zakończenie.....
...................................................................................................................·.....115
Wybrana bibliografia
................................................................................................................119
Българите в Бесарабия
-
200-годишна история
-
резюме
...........................................126
The Bulgarians in Bessarabia
- 200
years of history
-
summary
.......................................129
THE BULGARIANS IN BESSARABIA
- 200
YEARS
OF HISTORY
-
SUMMARY
The Bulgarian diaspora in Bessarabia has been around for at least
200
years. In the past, difficult fortunes of the people of Bulgarian extrac¬
tion were the result of the migration of the population from its original homeland
that, at that time, was under the Turkish yoke. The movement of the population in¬
cluded emigration into different areas, including Bessarabia
-
a land stretched be¬
tween the Prut and the Dniester River. It is believed that the reason behind this
mass exodus was the uncertainty that surrounded Bulgaria s both unstable political
and social environment
-
religious persecution of Christians, political unrest in the
Balkan Peninsula and mass looting and plunder of local and foreign bands. But
there was also another and more mundane reason for this mobility that involved
a simple desire to improve ones existence. The Czarist Russia would scarcely have
missed the opportunity to attract as many colonists from the Bulgarian lands as
possible. The Bulgarians, just like the Gagausians, were of Orthodox background
and their quick assimilation into the Russian population was taken for granted.
Though historians most frequently mention two waves of emigration of the
Bulgarians in the 19th century (that of the years
1806-1812
and another one from
1828-1829),
this movement, though on a much smaller scale, was already pres¬
ent much earlier and also followed other political events that happened after the
above mentioned time span. Each wave of migration was usually accompanied
by a succeeding wave of return migration. Bulgarians, disappointed and disillu¬
sioned by the harsh conditions of living in Bessarabia, often decided to go back to
their homeland. What is more, when the Russian authorities could not cope with
a too high a number of those willing to settle in Russia, they did not hesitate to
ruthlessly deport them back into the Turkish territory.
Throughout different historical periods the Bulgarians in Bessarabia found
themselves under Moldovian, and later Romanian, rule. For them, these times
were difficult and complicated. It would be hard, however, to agree with So¬
viet historians, and the majority of Russian-language researchers from Molda¬
via and the Ukraine, who single out Romania as the root of all evil and the
129
sheer incarnation of all evil. They are also the first to glorify, whenever possible,
the Soviet times and Communist rule.
The times when the Bulgarians inhabited the area during the Communist rule
were tragic. Each individual deemed an enemy of the state was deported to Sibe¬
ria and the Central Asian republic. Violent repression and persecution were used
freely and openly on mass scale. Religions were to be eradicated. In some areas
inhabited by Bulgarian people, such as the present-day Taraclia district, all Or¬
thodox churches were closed. Church buildings of Eastern Orthodoxy were con¬
verted for secular use as storehouses and sports halls, or were just left unused and
depreciating. Many Orthodox churches were damaged beyond repair, particularly
at the beginning of the
1960s.
After the collapse and demise of the Soviet Union the Bulgarians inhabiting
Bessarabia found themselves living in two different countries: Moldavia and the
Ukraine. The bulk of the scattered Bulgarian population was now in the Ukraine.
The city of Bolhrad is the unofficial capital of the Bulgarians in Bessarabia. It was
here that the famous Bolhradian college was established in the 19th century. This
high school with the status of public instuitution was not only,a school that was
to build a cadre of highly skilled personnel for all parts of the country, but was
also a centre of patriotic movement. Many graduates and undergraduates of the
college were volunteers in the events of
1877
and actively took part in the libera¬
tion of Bulgaria from Ottoman dominance.
In Moldavia, the Bulgarians inhabit mainly the south of the country, i.e. the
Taraclia district. Some scattered Bulgarian population is to be found in Gagau-
zia and in the capital Kishiniev. In Taraclia itself there is a Bulgarian universi¬
ty. The Bulgarians living in the Ukraine inhabit the whole of the southern part
of Bessarabia, also known as the Bessarabian historic district of Budjak, but
their most densely populated area is in the city of Bolhrad and the disctric un¬
der its administration.
Despite the 200-year long existence outside their homeland, the Bulgarians
currently living in Bessarabia have retained a significant part of their culture, lan¬
guage and customs. Though the Russian language is prevalent, particularly in cit¬
ies and towns, in less official contacts the Bulgarian dialect is mostly the language
of choice. Ethnically, Bessarabian Bulgarians identify themselves as being of Bul¬
garian origin, but when it comes to citizenship as both status and membership
the majority of them consider themselves as citizens of those countries they live
in (i.e. Moldavia or the Ukraine).
The administration in Bulgaria is usually ready to give assistance to Bulgar¬
ian compatriots living in Bessarabia. Universities and colleges in present-day Bul¬
garia are open for young people of Bulgarian extraction whenever they decide to
130
study in the land of their forefathers. Re-emigration to Bulgaria is possible. How¬
ever, popular perceptions of ordinary people in Bulgaria are somewhat different
-
more often than not the Bessarabian Bulgarians are perceived as the Russians,
alien and definetely not fellow countrymen. Things as they are, the Bessarabi¬
an Bulgarians continue to feel themselves Bulgarians in Bessarabia, but often Rus¬
sians in Bulgaria itself.
The Eastern Orthodox Church has been steadfastly omnipresent in the spiri¬
tual life of the Bulgarians. This was undoubtedly the case in the past. During the
Soviet times much effort was put to uproot the faith or suppress the heart
s
desire
for God. However, after the restoration of democracy and during the democratic
transition a remarkable religious revival is now taking place. This does not neces¬
sarily mean a return to the Orthodox Church. In the wake of the expansion of
other different religions, Protestant denominations have become particularly ac¬
tive, but also different kinds of religious sects. Past surveys, conducted in recent
years, clearly indicate that the majority of students of Bulgarian origin from south¬
ern Moldavia consider themselves believers of whatever denomination, with the
Easter Orthodox Church still being in preponderance.
The Bulgarian existence in Bessarabia is thus over 200-year long. Despite the
efforts designed to remove the Bulgarian identity and the process of
Russifica¬
tion
which put the Bulgarian minority in the area under strict control, as well as
the subsequent Sovietization, the Bulgarians have not lost their national identity.
They still consider themselves Bulgarians and cherish their national customs and
traditions. The old fatherland Bulgaria, in the minds of many of them, remains
a dream country they feel bond with and they sincerely miss.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hatłas, Jerzy 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1064770282 |
| author_facet | Hatłas, Jerzy 1958- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hatłas, Jerzy 1958- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042205435 |
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| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bessarabien (DE-588)4006036-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bessarabien |
| id | DE-604.BV042205435 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:15:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788389250483 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027644228 |
| oclc_num | 900539050 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 130, [1] s., [2] s. tabl. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Gramond Oficyna Wydawnicza Biblioteka Uniwersytecka |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hatłas, Jerzy 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1064770282 aut Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii Jerzy Hatłas Poznań Gramond Oficyna Wydawnicza 2014 Biblioteka Uniwersytecka 130, [1] s., [2] s. tabl. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in bulg. u. engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Bulgarians in Bessarabia - 200 years of history Bibliogr. s. 119-125 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 gnd rswk-swf Bessarabien (DE-588)4006036-6 gnd rswk-swf Bessarabien (DE-588)4006036-6 g Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027644228&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027644228&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Hatłas, Jerzy 1958- Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4088623-2 (DE-588)4006036-6 |
| title | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii |
| title_auth | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii |
| title_exact_search | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii |
| title_full | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii Jerzy Hatłas |
| title_fullStr | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii Jerzy Hatłas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii Jerzy Hatłas |
| title_short | Bułgarzy w Besarabii - 200 lat historii |
| title_sort | bulgarzy w besarabii 200 lat historii |
| topic | Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bulgaren Bessarabien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027644228&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027644228&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hatłasjerzy bułgarzywbesarabii200lathistorii |