Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi: 1881 - 1912
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ulqin
Art Klub
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka "Botime të veçanta"
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Ulqin and Montenegrin politics |
| Beschreibung: | 209 S. Ill. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | ULQIN AND MONTENEGRIN POLITICS
(1881 - 1912)
(Summary)
The book, Ulqin and Montengrin Politics,
1881 - 1912
being introduced to the readers, is the result of intensive research
focused on a specific and crucial historical period of Ulqin.
The objective of this scientific work was to study and analyze
the political circumstances of the specific given period, strongly
and exclusively, based on thorough consultation and analysis of
archive documents that enable the general public to come to true
historical deductions, eliminating subjective or bias interpretations.
This specific theme was not the object of concern of
historians in the past. The strategy implemented for the introduction
and transformation of the region into Montenegrin was not
previously, specifically nor generally addressed. Hence, the
necessity to conduct an assessment on the Montenegrin political
strategy arose. The people of the region Ulqin, as well as, of the
Balkans at large are entitled to original, uncompromising hard
facts
.
When Ulqin became part of the sovereign of Montenegro
(November
1880),
it became the administrative centre covering
the coastal region of Montenegro.
Simo
Popovic was made
Governor. Governmental administrative institutions, including
juridical were immediately established.
The Montenegrin Government s first steps paid particular,
attention in establishing strong institutions capable to rule the region
inhabited by people completely different in origin and religion to
the Montenegrins. The new reality on the ground needed a concrete
well concerted political strategy. The strategy foresaw an
immediate change in the population structure by populating the
region with ethnic Montenegrins.
Prince Nikola stated by introducing Montenegrins to the
region, from mountain Mozhur to the river Buna the region will
become Montenegrin
.....
the strong Albanian attribute of the
204
region
will weaken and eventually seize to exist
This concrete strategy of the Montenegrin Government in
reference to the Ulqin region is clearly exposed in the
correspondence of the Governor,
Simo
Popovic to the Minister
of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro, where he states:
...
the region
is completely foreign to us, they are all Turks and
Malësor
(
term
used for catholic highlanders). Our main concern, for many
reasons, should be the immediate Montenegroisation of the region.
This should be achieved in the following manner:
1.
Through education
2.
Through the colonization of the region with ethnic
Montenegrins
.......
1.
Montenegoisation of the region through education.
Even prior to becoming an officially recognized part of
Montenegro (November
1880)
Ulqin did not have schools in the
Albanian language. The government undertook steps to set and
improve the educational system. Elementary schools were opened
in the Serb language. These schools would spread the Serb
language and orthodox culture in the region. The first elementary
school in the Serb language was opened in
1885/1886.
Non
orthodox
children were ignorant to the language and lessons taught hence,
preparatory classes were organized to overcome this obstacle.
Only a small number of Albanian children attended schools.
Lectures of religion were held in the church for Catholics and
Orthodox children, and in Mosques for Moslems. During the
years
1881
to
1912
Albanian children were referred to as Rome-
catholic for the Catholics, and Mohammedan for the Muslim
children. During this period of over
26
school years only one
Catholic Albanian and one Muslim Albanian pupil pasted to the
IV grade. Therefore, it is not strange that only a very small number
of people knew how to read and write. Records taken from the
Ulqin Marine,
1909
state that out of
100
persons one
1
male and
1
female could read and write. Political declarations in all actuality
were completely different. The political strategy of the time was
205
based on one objective which was to be achieved in two ways,
firstly, to preserve and spread the Montenegrin national identity
and secondly, to narrow and weaken the Albanian national identity.
During this period the Albanian language was not allowed in
schools or in any official establishments
,
it was only tolerated in
private use, at homes.
2.
Montenegoisation through colonization with ethnic
Montenegrin families.
Colonization of the region with ethnic Montenegrins was a
key component of the Montenegrin National Strategy. In order to
successfully accomplish this, authorities set out to draft specific
data on the size of the region, it s landscape and plans on when
and how to colonize it. In spring
1881
the process began. The
process proved effective in helping extremely poor ethnic
Montenegrin families create new homes in more environmentally
mild and fertile land.
The land at hand proved insufficient to cover the needs of
the many families interested to be part of this project hence, plans
were made to drain swampland, turning it into fertile productive
land, in particular the swamp of Zogaj. The works involved in
doing so were concluded in October
1885
resulting in provision of
500
acres of fertile land. This land was proclaimed as
governmental land and specific rules and regulations applied
dedicating it to the process of colonization by ethnic Montenegrin
families. The Prince of Montenegro donated the land, free of
charge, to families of his choosing. Occasionally, in outstanding
circumstances, this was also done by the administrative director
covering the coastal region of Montenegro. The donated land
was registered accordingly in special official registry books. In
addition to the land, the Government provided financial assistance
for agricultural tools and means to build dwellings for the families.
Up to the year
1888,
some
4000
acres of land were donated. These
donations continued up to the spring of
1893,
when a public
announcement was made stating that all land donations were
206
exhausted. Nonetheless, requests for further donations continued.
In the beginning of April
1893,
the number of ethnic Montenegrin
families that settled in the region of Ulqin numbered approximately
300.
Besides smaller parcels of land being donated, there were
two specific parcels of special quality and approximately
100
acres
in size also included in the colonization process. These were the
land entitled to
Marko Petrovic,
in the swamp land of Zogaj,
which was rented out on yearly bases for
12
Napoleon golden
coins, respectfully for
229,44
Kruna.
The other huge plot of land
was the one of
Simo
Popovic, located on the right side of the road
towards Shtoj, which was also rented out for
17,5
Napoleon golden
coins yearly, respectfully for
334,6 4
Kruna.
The drying of the swamp land, Zogaj, is considered a major
achievement of Prince Nikola. In this part of land, the prince
colonized up to
400
ethnic Montenegrin families, who noticeably
and almost immediately prospered.
Mali
i Brise
(Mount of
Brise) was
also proclaimed as
Government land and also colonized by ethnic Montenegrin
families with the aim of introducing and spreading the Serb
language and Slavic culture. In March of
1893,
Prince Nikola
declared Mount
Brisë
his untouchable territory . On April
1,
1902,
the ministry of Internal Affairs of Montenegro, ratified a
specific document regulating the process of colonization of Mount
Brisë. On
22,
January,
1910,
the Peoples Assembly approved
the law on distribution of territory, colonization and usage of Mount
Brisë
(Mali
і
Brisë).
3.
Emigration of Albanians.
Albanian emigration started with the inclusion of Ulqin as
an official part of Montenegro. It was the expression of revolt
towards the newly created reality. They left behind their land,
their homes vast belongings, their ancient homelands, many of
them never to return again. The citizens of Ulqin left for Skadar
207
(Shkodër), Shengjin
and
Dürres.
Almost the whole naval fleet
of Ulcinj left its shore. The emigration was done in phases. In
the beginning, some
38
families emigrated, subsequently followed
by some
50
families, leaving the circle open for others to follow.
It is believed that
413
families emigrated from their homes in
the year
1880,
when Montenegro took over Ulqin. Some
newspapers and notes go as far as indicating that the number
was much higher, as much as
800
families. Among them were
the distinguished families of
Hafiz
AH Ulqinaku and of
Sali
Efendija.
Other key families who led and promoted emigration
were the families of
Haxhi Mehmet
Beci, Bet Gjyli,
and other
well-known ship captains and owners of that time. All the
emigrants had to sell their properties within one year, starting
from
27
September,
1881.
If they did not comply with this decree,
the Government would confiscate their land, the Government
was insisting that the emigrants be considered in fault.
The Government of Montenegro, requested that the sailors
of Ulqin respect the time frame of three months to accept, raise
and sail under the naval
-
commerce flag of Montenegro.
With the emigration, the Government of Montenegro achieved
two things
:
1.
Once and for all made rid of Turks (Albanians)
2.
Would gain access to all their property.
The Governor stated:
Montenegro could care less about
a fistful of citizens of Ulqin. You leave today and tomorrow we
will immediately replace you with Montenegrins . There was
even a fear that the emigration process might decrease and even
stop, which can be seen in the correspondences
it seems that
Albanians of Ulqin are settling down as if they are willing to pay
their dues. It looks like the devils are not completely emigrating .
On the other hand there was also a fear that during this emigration
process all the trained sailors would also be included, leaving
Montenegro in a difficult position. Requests for emigration were
presented to the Government every year. It is registered that in
the year
1906, 200
families submitted claims for emigration. When
208
asked by the authorities why do they are leaving, their answer
was
**
we can t drink this water any longer .
It is very difficult to more accurately conclude the number
of individuals and families who emigrated and whose land was
colonized. But, one thing is for certain, the roads of emigration
are still to this day, very much open.
209
Pasqyra e Iëndës
Mesazhi
і
këtij
libri
..................................................................5
Shtypiikohës(1881-1912)përbanorëteUlqinit
.................6
Parathënie
......................................................................................7
Hyrje
.......................................................................................................
И
1.
Bregdeti në
projektin
e
zgjërimit
territorial
të
Malit
të
Zi
.......................................13
2.
Turqia
ia
dorézon Ulqinin Malit
te Zi
..................................17
3
.
Qëndrimi
і
banorëve të Ulqinit ndaj sunduesit të ri
..............22
4.
Struktura
nacionale
e
banorëve të Ulqinit
1881 - 1912......................................26
S.VendosjaepushtetittëMalittëZi
.....................................33
Kreul
..................................................................................43
Strategjia për malazezimin e Krahinës së Ulqinit
.....................45
KreuII
................................................................................49
Malazezimi
ρ
ërmes ar
simit dhe
kultur
ës
.................................51
KreuIII
...............................................................................87
Malazezimi përmes kolonizimit me
familj
e malazeze
...............89
1.
Tharj
a
e kënetës së Zogaj
ve
dhe kolonizimi
i saj................
94
2.
Mali
і
Brisë
dhe kolonizimi i
tij
.........................................120
3.
Evidentimi i pronave
të vakëfëve për kolonizim
..............131
4.
Tentativa
për
tharj en
e rushes së
Ulqinit
për
kolonizim
.....133
KreuIV
............................................................................137
Shpërngulja e shqiptarëve
1881 - 1912..............................139
Përmbyllje
........................................................................ 169
Shtojcë burimesh
....................................................................173
1.
Pjesë nga
dokumenti
që paraqet
strategjinëpërmalazezim
....................................................175
2.
Pjesë nga disa dokumernte
qëbëjnëfjalëpërarsimin
....................................................176
3.
Pjesë
nga disa dokumente
që bëjnë fjalë për
KënetëneZogajve
............................................................181
4.
Pjesë
nga disa dokumente
që bëjnë fjalë
për Malin eBrisë
................................................................187
5.
Pjesë nga disa
dokumente
që bëjnë fjalë
përshpërnguljeneshqiptarëvelSSl-
1912.........................189
Burimetdhe
literatura
..............................................................201
Summary...............................................................................
204
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Rexha, Riza |
| author_facet | Rexha, Riza |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rexha, Riza |
| author_variant | r r rr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042182938 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)897131143 (DE-599)BVBBV042182938 |
| era | Geschichte 1881-1912 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1881-1912 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Montenegro (DE-588)4040163-7 gnd Ulcinj (DE-588)4476971-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Montenegro Ulcinj |
| id | DE-604.BV042182938 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:14:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027622155 |
| oclc_num | 897131143 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 209 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Art Klub |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Biblioteka "Botime të veçanta" |
| spelling | Rexha, Riza Verfasser aut Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 Riza Rexha Ulqin and Montenegrin politics Ulqin Art Klub 2005 209 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka "Botime të veçanta" Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Ulqin and Montenegrin politics Geschichte 1881-1912 gnd rswk-swf Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd rswk-swf Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd rswk-swf Sprachpolitik (DE-588)4077732-7 gnd rswk-swf Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Schulpolitik (DE-588)4053532-0 gnd rswk-swf Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd rswk-swf Montenegro (DE-588)4040163-7 gnd rswk-swf Ulcinj (DE-588)4476971-4 gnd rswk-swf Montenegro (DE-588)4040163-7 g Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 s Sprachpolitik (DE-588)4077732-7 s Schulpolitik (DE-588)4053532-0 s Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 s Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 s Ulcinj (DE-588)4476971-4 g Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Geschichte 1881-1912 z DE-604 Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027622155&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027622155&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Rexha, Riza Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd Sprachpolitik (DE-588)4077732-7 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Schulpolitik (DE-588)4053532-0 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4170001-6 (DE-588)4139304-1 (DE-588)4077732-7 (DE-588)4003920-1 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4053532-0 (DE-588)4257314-2 (DE-588)4040163-7 (DE-588)4476971-4 |
| title | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 |
| title_alt | Ulqin and Montenegrin politics |
| title_auth | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 |
| title_exact_search | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 |
| title_full | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 Riza Rexha |
| title_fullStr | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 Riza Rexha |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi 1881 - 1912 Riza Rexha |
| title_short | Ulqini dhe politika e Malit të Zi |
| title_sort | ulqini dhe politika e malit te zi 1881 1912 |
| title_sub | 1881 - 1912 |
| topic | Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd Sprachpolitik (DE-588)4077732-7 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Schulpolitik (DE-588)4053532-0 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Minderheitenpolitik Assimilation Soziologie Sprachpolitik Auswanderung Albaner Schulpolitik Unterdrückung Montenegro Ulcinj |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027622155&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027622155&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rexhariza ulqinidhepolitikaemalittezi18811912 AT rexhariza ulqinandmontenegrinpolitics |