Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria):
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Köln
Köppe
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Westafrikanische Studien
36 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | 329 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm, 530 g |
| ISBN: | 9783896454737 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)118107887 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) |c Rose-Juliet Anyanwu |
| 264 | 1 | |a Köln |b Köppe |c 2013 | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 329 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 24 cm, 530 g | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Westafrikanische Studien |v 36 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Yukuben |0 (DE-588)1051983533 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152646729203712 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES 16
LIST OF TABLES 17
LIST OF EXAMPLES 19
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 31
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND CONVENTIONS 33
0 OVERVIEW 37
0.1 GEO-SOCIO-LINGUISTIC BACKGROUND 37
0.1.1 NAME AND HISTORIA 37
0.1.2 POPULATION, GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION, AND HISTORICAL ORIGIN 37
0.1.3 DIALECTS 38
0.1.4 AFFINITY, VARIATIONS, AND MUTUAL INTELLIGIBILITY 40
0.1.5 ACCESSIBILITY OF THE VILLAGES 41
0.2 OCCUPATION, FOOD AND
DRINKS 42
0.3 CULTURE AND TRADITION 43
0.3.1 BELIEFS AND WAY OF LIFE 43
0.3.2 RELIGION 43
0.3.3 NAMES 44
0.3.4 THE INFLUENCE AND ROLE OF THE MISSIONARIES 44
0.4 EDUCATION, THE SITUATION OF
WOMEN, LANGUAGE
AND SCHOOL 44
0.4.1 EDUCATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION 44
0.4.2 EDUCATION AND THE SITUATION OF WOMEN AND YOUNG GIRLS 45
0.4.3 LANGUAGE AND SCHOOL 45
0.5 POLITICS AND THE AVAILABILITY
OF INFRASTRUCTURE 46
0.5.1 POLITICAL DISTRICTS 46
0.5.2 WATER SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY AND ROADS 46
0.6 GENERAL LINGUISTIC SITUATION
/ STATE OF THE ART 46
0.6.1 EARLIER STUDIES 46
0.6.2 THE PRESENT STUDY 47
0.6.3 DIALECTS OF STUDY 47
0.7 LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION 48
0.8 MAJOR GENERAL LINGUISTIC
FEATURES 48
PART I - PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 49
1 SEGMENTS AND SUPRASEGMENTS 51
1.1 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE AND
PHONOLOGICAL QUANTITY 51
1.1.1 SYLLABLE WEIGHT AND STRUCTURE OF THE PREFIX 52
1.1.2 SYLLABLE WEIGHT AND STRUCTURE OF THE STEM 52
1.1.3 CLUSTERS 53
1.1.3.1 CONSONANT CLUSTERS / GEMINATES 53
1.1.3.2 VOWEL LENGTH AND SEQUENCES 53
1.2 CONSONANTS 53
1.2.1 NON-COMPLEX (OR SIMPLE ) CONSONANTS 53
1.2.2 COMPLEX CONSONANTS 55
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1044368616
8 REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF YUKUBEN
1.2.2.1 DOUBLE ARTICULATION 55
1.2.2.2 CO-ARTICULATION 56
1.2.2.3 PLOSIVE WITH FRICATIVE RELEASE 57
1.2.2.4 PRIMARY POA STOPS WITH SECONDARY MODIFICATION (S) 57
1.2.2.4.1 PALATALISED STOPS 58
1.2.2.4.2 PRENASALISED PLOSIVES 59
1.2.2.4.3 LABIALISED STOPS 60
1.2.2.4.4 PRENASALISED PALATALISED CONSONANTS 61
1.2.3 PHONO
TACTICS 61
1.2.4 THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONSONANTS IN WORD-INITIAL POSITION 62
1.2.4.1 THE BEHAVIOUR OF WORD-INITIAL /K/ 62
1.2.4.2 THE BEHAVIOUR OF WORD-INITIAL /B/ 62
1.2.4.3 THE FREE VARIATIONS APPROACH 63
1.2.5 THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONSONANTS IN THE STEM 63
1.2.5.1 STEM-INITIAL CONSONANTS 64
1.2.5.2 STEM-FINAL (I.E. CODA) CONSONANTS 66
1.2.5.3 P/ANDA/ 66
1.2.5.4 THE BEHAVIOUR OF (/P, K/) AT JUNCTURE 67
1.2.6 THE BEHAVIOUR OF SONORANTS IN STEM-FINAL POSITION 67
1.2.7 GEMINATION 68
1.3 VOWELS 68
1.3.1 VOWEL PHONEMES - ORAL VOWELS 69
1.3.2 THE DISTRIBUTION AND PHONOTACTICS OF ORAL VOWELS 69
1.3.2.1 SINGLE STEM-FINAL VOWEL 70
1.3.2.2 DOUBLE STEM-FINAL VOWELS 70
1.3.2.3 VOWEL PREFIX STRUCTURE 70
1.3.2.3.1 CONSONANT-INITIAL SINGLE-VOWEL PREFIX: CV- 70
1.3.2.3.2 CONSONANT-INITIAL DOUBLE-VOWEL PREFIX: CW- 71
1.3.2.3.3 NON-INITIAL-CONSONANT SINGLE-VOWEL PREFIX: V 71
1.3.2.3.4 NON-INITIAL-CONSONANT DOUBLE-VOWEL PREFIX: W 71
1.3.2.4 THE SCHWA (A) 72
1.3.2.5 VOWEL SEQUENCES 73
1.3.2.6 VOWEL HARMONY 73
1.3.3 THE DISTRIBUTION OR THE SCHWA 74
1.3.4 THE DISTRIBUTION OF A 74
1.3.5 NASAL VOWELS * DISTRIBUTION AND PHONOTACTICS 75
1.3.6 VOWEL LENGTH 76
1.3.6.1 VOWEL LENGTH DISTINCTION - COUNTER-EXAMPLES 76
1.3.6.2 THE OCCURRENCE OF SHORT VOWELS IN THE PREFIX 77
1.3.6.3 THE OCCURRENCE OF LONG VOWELS IN THE PREFIX 78
1.3.7 LENGTH HARMONY 78
1.3.8 LENGTH DIFFERENCE IN MORPHOSYNTACTIC ENVIRONMENTS 79
1.4 PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES 80
1.4.1 ASSIMILATION 80
1.4.1.1 COMPLETE ASSIMILATION 80
1.4.1.2 PARTIAL ASSIMILATION 80
1.4.1.3 REGRESSIVE (OR ANTICIPATORY ) ASSIMILATION 81
1.4.1.4 ASSIMILATION OF PLACE FEATURES 82
1.4.2 CLUSTER SIMPLIFICATION - AT JUNCTURE 82
1.4.3 CLUSTER SIMPLIFICATION - INTERNALLY 82
1.4.4 ELISION 82
TABLE OF CONTENTS 9
1.4.4.1 APOCOPE 83
1.4.4.2 APHAERESIS 84
1.4.4.3 SYNCOPE 84
1.4.5 LENITION 84
1.4.5.1 VOICING OF VOICELESS CONSONANTS 84
1.4.5.1.1 WORD-INITIAL AND INTERVOCALIC A/ 84
1.4.5.1.2 WORD-INITIAL AND INTERVOCALIC /P/ 85
1.4.5.2 DE-VOICING OF VOICED CONSONANTS 85
1.4.5.3 LENITION OF VOICED CONSONANTS 86
1.4.5.4 FRICATION 86
1.4.5.5 SPIRANTISATION 86
1.4.6 FORTITION 86
1.4.7 CONTRACTION 87
1.4.8 POST-NASALISATION 87
PART II - TONOLOGY 89
2 TONES 91
2.1 LEXICAL (BASIC)
TONES 91
2.2 NON-LEXICAL TONES (I.E. DERIVED
TONES) 92
2.2.1 CONTOUR TONES 92
2.2.2 RAISED (OR UPSTEPPED ) L-TONE (*L) 93
2.2.3 DOWNSTEP 93
2.3 TONAL SEQUENCING, PROCESSES AND
ALTERNATIONS 93
2.3.1 SEQUENCING OF (UNLIKE) TONES 93
2.3.2 TONAL ASSIMILATION AND ALTERNATIONS 93
2.3.2.1 L-TONE RAISING (OR UPSTEP ) 93
2.3.2.2 DOWNSTEP 94
2.3.2.3 FUNCTIONS OF DS 95
2.3.2.3.1 DS IN THE ASSOCIATIVE CONSTRUCTION 95
2.3.2.3.2 THE POSSESSIVE 96
2.3.2.3.3 THE AGENTIVE . 96
2.3.2.3.4 THE GENITIVE 96
2.3.2.3.5 TAM CONSTRUCTION TYPES 97
2.3.2.3.6 OTHER CONSTRUCTION TYPES 97
2.3.2.4 TONAL ALTERNATIONS 97
2.3.2.4.1 TONAL ALTERNATION IN THE NEGATION 97
2.3.2.4.2 STANDARD NEGATION 97
2.4 DOWNDRIFT 98
PART III - MORPHOLOGY 99
3 THE NOMINAL AND VERBAL SYSTEMS 101
3.1 THE NOMINAL SYSTEM 101
3.1.1 THE NOUN 101
3.1.1.1 PREFIXATION - THE PREFIX AND ITS SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 101
3.1.1.2 STEM STRUCTURE 102
3.1.1.2.1 SIMPLE NOUN STEM 102
3.1.1.2.2 MONOSYLLABIC STEM (OPEN AND LIGHT) 102
3.1.1.2.3 DISYLLABIC STEM 102
3.1.1.2.4 COMPLEX STEM AND ITS SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 103
3.1.1.2.5 THE ROLE OF TONE 104
3.1.1.2.6 NOUN CLASSES 104
3.1.1.2.7 NUMBER DISTINCTION / SINGULAR VS. PLURAL 109
3.1.2 NUMERALS 113
10
REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF YUKUBEN
3.1.3 SPECIFIERS 114
3.1.3.1 DEFINITENESS 114
3.1.3.2 LOCATIVE ADVERBS / DEMONSTRATIVES 114
3.1.3.2.1 DEMONSTRATIVE REFLECTING SPATIAL DEIXIS 115
3.1.3.2.2 DEMONSTRATIVE - PROXIMAL (WITHIN CLOSE VIEW) 115
3.1.3.2.3 DEMONSTRATIVE - DISTAL (1) (WITHIN RANGE) 116
3.1.3.2.4 DEMONSTRATIVE - DISTAL (2) (REMOTE/OUT OF VIEW) 117
3.1.3.3 NOMINAL DERIVATION AND COMPOUNDING 118
3.1.3.3.1 ASSOCIATIVE CONSTRUCTION 118
3.1.3.3.2 DE-VERBAL NOUNS 121
3.1.3.3.3 DE-VERBAL NOUNS/GERUNDS 123
3.1.4 VERBAL AND DEVERBAL NOUNS 124
3.1.4.1 DE-ADJECTIVAL NOUNS 124
3.1.4.2 COMPOUNDS/COMPOUNDING 126
3.1.5 IDEOPHONES 128
3.1.6 PERSONAL/PROPER NAMES 129
3.1.7 MODIFIERS AND THEIR USES 130
3.1.7.1 NUMERAL MODIFIERS 130
3.1.7.2 COMBINING SEVERAL GRAMMATICAL MODIFIERS 133
3.1.8 ADJECTIVES ANA ADJECTIVALS 134
3.1.8.1 PROPERTIES OF ADJECTIVES IN YUKUBEN 134
3.1.8.2 ADJECTIVE TYPES 135
3.1.8.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMS OF THE ADJECTIVES 138
3.1.8.4 TRUE ADJECTIVES AND THEIR SPECIFIC FEATURES 139
3.1.8.5 DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERN AND USE OF ADJECTIVES 139
3.1.8.5.1 -C
Q
5/-C
M
DQ/-TJ0/-CU AND BU-GA BIG 140
3.1.8.5.2 DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE 142
3.1.9 COLOURS AND COLOUR DESCRIPTION 144
3.1.9.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTY 145
3.1.9.2 EVALUATIVE 147
3.1.9.3 ADJECTIVE IN PRENOMINAL POSITION 148
3.1.10 USING CHAINS OR ADJECTIVE IN A SENTENCE 149
3.1.11 NOMINALISATION OF ADJECTIVES 150
3.1.11.1 IDEOPHONE AS ADJECTIVE 151
3.1.11.1.1 ATTRIBUTIVE 151
3.1.11.1.2 PREDICATIVE 151
3.1.11.2 INFLECTION OF ADJ
ECTIVES 151
3.1.12 ADJECTIVALS 152
3.1.12.1 ADJ
ECTIVALS DERIVED BY PREFIXATION 153
3.1.12.1.1 STATIVE VERB-BASED ADJECTIVALS 153
3.1.12.1.2 DEPENDENT ADJECTIVAL FORMS 154
3.1.12.2 INFLECTABLE ADJECTIVES 154
3.1.13 THE PRONOMINALS 155
3.1.13.1 INTRODUCTION 155
3.1.13.2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS 155
3.1.13.3 THE EMPHATIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS 155
3.1.13.4 THE NON-EMPHATIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS 156
3.1.13.4.1 A-MA LSG 156
3.1.13.4.2 MA/MA/MA LSG 156
3.1.13.4.3 O-MU 2SG 156
3.1.13.4.4 U/U/U 2SG 156
TABLE OF CONTENTS 11
3.1.13.4.5 E-MF 3SG 157
3.1.13.4.6 L/I/RISG 157
3.1.13.4.7 A-DI LPF 157
3.1.13.4.8 A-NI 2PL 157
3.1.13.4.9 A-BI 3PL 157
3.1.13.4.10 BI /BI/BI 3PL 158
3.1.14 OBJECT PRONOUNS 158
3.1.14.1 DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS 158
3.1.14.2 THE AFFIRMATIVE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN 158
3.1.14.3 THE NEGATIVE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN 159
3.1.14.4 THE INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN 159
3.1.15 THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 160
3.1.16 THE REFLEXIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS 160
3.1.16.1 REFLEXIVE 160
3.1.16.2 RECIPROCAL 161
3.1.17 THE RELATIVISER 161
3.1.17.1 INTRODUCTION 161
3.1.17.1.1 THE RELATIVISER IN ATTRIBUTIVE POSITION 162
3.1.17.1.2 THE RELATIVISER IN PREDICATIVE POSITION 163
3.1.17.2 THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN 164
3.1.18 PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 165
3.1.19 LOANWORDS 166
3.2 T
HE VERB AND
THE VERBAL SYSTEM
167
3.2.1 THE NATURE AND TYPOLOGY OF VERBS 167
3.2.1.1 THE VERBAL ROOT/SIMPLE VERB 168
3.2.1.2 THE COMPLEX VERB 168
3.2.1.3 THE VERB IN ISOLATION 168
3.2.1.4 THE VERBAL ROOT/SIMPLE VERB 170
3.2.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE VERB PHRASE 174
3.2.2.1 THE VERBAL PREFIX 174
3.2.2.2 THE VERBAL PREFIX AS SUBJECT MARKER 175
3.2.2.3 SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 177
3.2.3 TENSE, ASPECT, AND MOOD (TAM) 177
3.2.3.1 TAM MARKING STRATEGIES 179
3.2.3.2 THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL 179
3.2.3.3 [-PERFV] (IMPERFECTIVE: LE/LE/LE; RI/RL/RI; NON L-TONE 180
3.2.3.3.1 FACTATIVE-STATIVE 180
3.2.3.3.2 HABITUAL ACTION: [H]; RI (VH PRONE) 181
3.2.3.3.3 PROGRESSIVE: [HJ/T H] ON VERB; LE/RI 182
3.2.3.3.4 UNIVERSAL STATEMENT/GENERAL TRUTH 184
3.2.3.3.5 HABITUAL ACTION 185
3.2.3.3.6 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 185
3.2.3.3.7 UNIVERSAL STATEMENT/GENERAL TRUTH 186
3.2.3.3.8 HABITUAL ACTION 186
3.2.3.4 [ +PERFV] (PERFECTIVE: H-TONE ON VERB 186
3.2.3.4.1 THE FACTATIVE-ACTION * 0 MORPHEME MARKER 187
3.2.3.4.2 (PRESENT) PERFECT: MARKER FMARJ^MAI]) 189
3.2.3.5 PLUPERFECT/PAST PERFECT: MARKER: N, 190
3.2.3.6 PAST PROGRESSIVE 191
3.2.3.7 THE NARRATIVE: (WITH H-TONE ON VERB) 192
3.2.3.7.1 UNIVERSAL STATEMENT / GENERAL TRUTH 193
3.2.3.7.2 FACTATIVE (WITH SIMPLE PAST READING) 193
3.2.3.7.3 FACTATIVE (WITH IMMEDIATE PAST READING) 193
3.2.3.7.4 FACTATIVE (WITH REMOTE PAST READING) 193
12 REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF YUKUBEN
3.2.3.7.5 FACTATIVE (WITH DISTANT PAST READING) 194
3.2.3.7.6 PERFECT 194
3.2.3.7.7 GENERAL TRUTH 194
3.2.3.7.8 HABITUAL ACTION 194
3.2.3.7.9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 195
3.2.3.7.10 FACTATIVE 195
3.2.3.7.11 PERFECT 195
3.2.4 GENERAL MARKERS OF THE [-REALIS] 196
3.2.4.1 VOLITIONAL: [ +VOLITIONAL] ([HYPOTHETICAL]) 196
3.2.4.1.1 [-HYPOTHETICAL] 196
3.2.4.2 NEGATIVE 200
3.2.4.2.1 [ +ABSOLUTE] 200
3.2.4.2.2 [ + COMPLETIVE] 201
3.2.4.2.3 [-COMPLETIVE] 201
3.2.4.2.4 [ +CONTRARY-TO-FACT / HYPOTHETICAL] 201
3.2.4.3 POSITIVE 202
3.2.4.3.1 [ +COMPLETIVE] 202
3.2.4.3.2 [-COMPLETIVE] 202
3.2.4.3.3 [ + DUBITATIVE] 202
3.2.4.4 AFFIRMATIVE 203
3.2.4.4.1 [ +HYPOTHETICAL] 203
3.2.5 COUNTERFACTUAL CONDITIONAL (I) (FACTUAL) 203
3.2.5.1 [-VOLITIONAL] 204
3.2.5.2 [-(-ABSOLUTE] 204
3.2.5.2.1 IMPERATIVE: [H]; [L] 204
3.2.5.2.2 PROHIBITIVE/INJUNCTIVE: 205
3.2.5.3 [ABSOLUTE] 205
3.2.5.3.1 [-I-STRONG] 205
3.2.5.3.2 [-STRONG] 205
3.2.6 AKTIONSART 209
3.2.6.1 REPEATED ACTION/FREQUENTATIVE/DURATIVE/INTENSIVE 210
3.2.6.2 ITERATIVE 213
3.2.6.3 SIMULTANEOUS 213
3.2.6.4 INCHOATIVE 213
3.2.6.5 INITIATIVE 213
3.2.6.6 INGRESSIVE 214
3.2.6.7 INCEPTIVE 214
3.2.6.8 HYPOTHETICAL INCOMPLETIVE 215
3.2.6.9 CONTRARY-TO-FACT COMPLETIVE 215
3.2.6.10 POTENTIAL 216
3.2.6.11 DUBITATIVE 216
3.2.6.12 CONDITIONAL 216
3.2.6.13 DIRECTIONAL 217
3.2.6.13.1 MOVEMENT AWAY FROM SPEAKER 217
3.2.6.13.2 MOVEMENT TOWARDS SPEAKER 218
3.2.6.14 MOTION 218
3.2.6.15 REFERENCE TO SOURCE AND GOAL 218
3.2.6.16 REVERSIVE 219
3.2.6.17 AUGMENTATIVE: SI KE-HUN / A-YAK KE-HUR) 219
3.2.6.18 DIMINUTIVE 220
3.2.6.19 PREMORDIAL 220
TABLE OF CONTENTS 13
3.2.6.20 PURE VERBAL ACTION 220
3.2.6.21 GENERIC - UNACTUALISED OR ACTUALISED 221
3.2.7 VERBS AND VERBAL PHRASES 222
3.2.8 THE VERB AND ITS COMPLEMENTATION 222
3.2.9 BENEFACTIVE 226
3.3 MULTIPLE VERB CONSTRUCTIONS
- SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTION 227
3.3.1.1 BENEFACTIVE 227
3.3.1.2 CAUSATIVE 229
3.3.1.3 PURPOSE SVC 230
3.3.1.4 INSTRUMENTAL 230
3.3.1.5 COMPLEX (COMPOUNDING) SVC 230
3.3.2 FACTITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 231
PART IV - SYNTAX 235
4 WORD (CONSTITUENT) ORDER 237
4.1 MAJOR SENTENCE TYPES 237
4.2 THE SIMPLE SENTENCE 237
4.2.1 SENTENCES WITH ONLY ONE ARGUMENT 237
4.2.2 STATIVE SENTENCES 238
4.2.2.1 STATIVE VERB 238
4.2.2.2 STATE (OF AFFAIRS) VERB 238
4.2.3 SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH DYNAMIC VERBS 238
4.2.3.1 THE COPULA / COPULAR SENTENCES 239
4.2.3.1.1 COPULAR SENTENCES WITH NOMINAL COMPLEMENT 239
4.2.3.1.2 COPULAR SENTENCES WITH ADJECTIVAL COMPLEMENT 240
4.2.3.1.3 ADJECTIVALS USED WITH THE COPULA 240
4.2.3.2 ADJECTIVALS AS ADJECTIVES 240
4.2.3.3 ADJECTIVALS AS DENOMINALISED,NOUNS 240
4.2.3.4 A NOTE ON THE STEM COPULA -HI 241
4.2.3.5 ADJECTIVES THAT USE VERBAL FORMS OTHER THAN THE COPULA 241
4.3 COMPLEX SENTENCES 242
4.3.1 COORDINATION 242
4.3.2 SUBORDINATION 243
4.3.2.1 RELATIVE CLAUSE 243
4.3.2.2 ADVERB AND ADVERBIAL CLAUSE 244
4.3.2.2.1 ADVERB 244
4.4 ADVERBS 244
4.4.1 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE 245
4.4.1.1 COMPLEMENT CLAUSE 246
4.4.1.2 SUBORDINATE MODIFIER CLAUSE 246
4.4.2 NEGATION 247
4.4.3 BA-LAABAN DIALECT (GROUP) 249
4.4.3.1 SCOPE OF NEGATION 249
4.4.3.2 CLAUSAL/PREDICATE NEGATION 249
4.4.3.3 CONSTITUENT NEGATION 250
4.4.3.4 STANDARD NEGATION 250
4.4.3.5 LEXICAL NEGATION 251
4.4.3.5.1 INHERENTLY-NEGATIVE VERBS 251
4.4.3.5.2 MORPHOLOGICAL NEGATION 252
4.4.3.6 ANALYTIC NEGATION 254
4.4.3.7 FINITE VERBS - DECLARATIVE CLAUSE TYPES 255
4.4.3.8 NON-STANDARD NEGATION STRATEGIES 259
4.4.3.8.1 THE NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES (PROHIBITIVES) 259
14 REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF YUKUBEN
4.4.3.8.2 NEGATION OF THE HORTATIVE (PROHIBITIVE/INJUNCTIVE) ..260
4.4.3.8.3 SUNJUNCTIVE - JUSSIVE 260
4.4.3.8.4 NON-ASSERTIVE PHRASING 261
4.4.3.8.5 NON-ASSERTIVE PHRASING WITH KI-ZU (SOME)THING 261
4.4.3.8.6 NON-ASSERTIVE PHRASING WITH 66-JI PERSON 261
4.4.3.8.7 NON-ASSERTIVE PHRASING WITH A-KI 262
4.4.4 BA-H SA-YUKUBEN (LD) 262
4.4.5 AN OVERVIEW OF YUKUBEN NEGATION STRATEGIES 263
4.4.6 CLOSELY RELATED LANGUAGES 263
4.4.6.1.1 A SUMMARY OF NEGATORS 263
4.4.6.1.2 KUTEB 264
4.4.6.1.3 WUKARI-JUKUN (ALIAS WAPAN ) 264
4.4.6.1.4 TAKUM-JUKUN 264
4.4.6.1.5 HONE 265
4.4.6.2 COMPARING AND CONTRASTING NEGATION IN JUKUNOID 265
4.4.6.3 TRACING THE PROBABLE SOURCE OF K5IJ 266
4.4.7 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE 267
4.4.7.1 TYPES OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE 267
4.4.7.2 QUESTION WORDS: E-YI/E-RE, KE-RAQ A-KI, A-HAQ 269
4.4.7.2.1 E-YTWHO 269
4.4.7.2.2 E-RE/E-LE WHAT 270
4.4.7.2.3 CIRCUMSTANTIAL 271
4.4.7.2.4 E-RE WHERE 272
4.4.7.2.5 -MAQ; -MAG HOW MANY; HOW MUCH 273
4.4.7.2.6 E-RE WHY 273
4.4.7.2.7 IAN WHEN 274
4.4.8 INSTEAD OR PASSIVE 274
4.4.9 MIDDLE VOICE / MEDIO-PASSIVE VOICE 276
4.4.10 OTHER IMPORTANT TYPES 277
4.4.10.1 SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTION (SVC) 277
4.4.11 INDEFINITE PRONOUN SUBJECT CONSTRUCTION 277
4.4.11.1 COGNATE OBJECT 278
4.4.11.2 COMPARISON AND INTENSIFICATION 278
4.4.12 NP STRUCTURE 278
4.4.12.1 DETERMINER 278
4.4.12.1.1 DEFINITENESS 278
4.4.12.1.2 INDEFINITENESS 279
4.4.12.2 POSSESSIVE 280
4.4.12.3 DEICTIC 281
4.4.13 QUANTIFIER 283
4.4.13.1 NUMERAL 285
4.4.13.2 ADJECTIVE 285
4.4.13.3 NP WITH RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE ^...287
4.4.14 CLAUSE STRUCTURES AND TYPES 287
4.4.14.1 SUBJECT-VERB-ADVERBIAL (SVA) 287
4.4.14.2 SUBJECT-VERB-COMPLEMENT (SVC) 287
4.4.14.3 SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT (SVO) 287
4.4.14.4 SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT-ADVERBIAL (SVOA) 287
4.4.14.5 SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT-OBJECT (SVOO) 288
4.4.14.6 SUBJECT-VERB (SV) 288
4.4.15 CLEFT 288
TABLE OF CONTENTS 15
4.4.16 INFLECTION 288
4.4.16.1 NOMINAL SUBJECT 288
4.4.16.1.1 NOMINAL SUBJECT AGREEMENT - PERFECTIVE 288
4.4.16.1.2 NOMINAL SUBJECT AGREEMENT - IMPERFECTIVE 290
4.4.16.2 INTERROGATIVE 291
4.4.16.2.1 PRONOMINAL SUBJECT AGREEMENT - PERFECTIVE 292
4.4.16.2.2 PRONOMINAL SUBJECT - IMPERFECTIVE 292
4.4.16.2.3 PRONOMINAL SUBJECT - INTERROGATIVE 297
4.4.17 AGREEMENT 297
4.4.17.1 GRAMMATICAL AGREEMENT 298
4.4.17.2 ANAPHORIC AGREEMENT 299
4.4.17.2.1 MEANS OF EXPRESSING ANAPHORA 299
4.4.17.3 AGREEMENT IN THE VERB 299
4.4.17.4 AGREEMENT BETWEEN HEAD NOUN AND ITS MODIFIERS 300
4.4.17.4.1 HEAD NOUN-ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT 301
4.4.17.4.2 HEAD NOUN-NUMERAL AGREEMENT 302
4.4.18 COMPLEMENTISER 302
4.4.19 ADVERBIALS, ADVERBIAL PHRASES, BENEFACTIVE/APPLICATIVE.,304
4.4.20 FACTITIVE 305
4.4.21 INSTRUMENTAL (^ CONSECUTIVE OF PURPOSE) 305
4.4.22 CAUSATIVE 306
4.4.23 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 307
4.4.23.1 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME 307
4.4.23.2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER 308
4.4.23.3 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE 308
4.4.23.4 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OR CONDITION 308
4.4.23.5 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON 308
4.4.23.6 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION 309
4.4.23.7 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT 309
4.4.23.8 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE 309
4.5 DIRECT VS.
QUOTED SPEECH 309
CONCLUSION AND RESUME 311
BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES 313
INDEX 317
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118107887 |
| author_facet | Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet |
| author_variant | r j a rja |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042153415 |
| classification_rvk | EP 14331 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)864724364 (DE-599)DNB1044368616 |
| dewey-full | 496.36 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 496 - African languages |
| dewey-raw | 496.36 |
| dewey-search | 496.36 |
| dewey-sort | 3496.36 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV042153415 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:14:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783896454737 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027593194 |
| oclc_num | 864724364 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | 329 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm, 530 g |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Köppe |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Westafrikanische Studien |
| series2 | Westafrikanische Studien |
| spelling | Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet Verfasser (DE-588)118107887 aut Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) Rose-Juliet Anyanwu Köln Köppe 2013 © 2013 329 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm, 530 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Westafrikanische Studien 36 Literaturangaben Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Yukuben (DE-588)1051983533 gnd rswk-swf Yukuben (DE-588)1051983533 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DNB Westafrikanische Studien 36 (DE-604)BV009529150 36 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027593194&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Anyanwu, Rose-Juliet Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) Westafrikanische Studien Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Yukuben (DE-588)1051983533 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)1051983533 |
| title | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) |
| title_auth | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) |
| title_exact_search | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) |
| title_full | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) Rose-Juliet Anyanwu |
| title_fullStr | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) Rose-Juliet Anyanwu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) Rose-Juliet Anyanwu |
| title_short | Reference grammar of Yukuben (Jukunoid, Nigeria) |
| title_sort | reference grammar of yukuben jukunoid nigeria |
| topic | Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Yukuben (DE-588)1051983533 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammatik Yukuben |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027593194&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV009529150 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anyanwurosejuliet referencegrammarofyukubenjukunoidnigeria |