Svet i Srbija: dimenzije razvoja i integracija
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
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Beograd
Inst. Društvenih Nauka
2013
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| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The world and Serbia : dimensions of development and integrations |
| Beschreibung: | 216 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9788653100254 |
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THE WORLD AND SERBIA - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COMMOTIONS
Snežana Grk, Ph.D, Principal Research Fellow
Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade
The burden of the world crisis is unevenly distributed. Measured in money, the
world has never been richer, since the wealthiest hold assets hundreds of thousands
of billions of dollars worth. At the same time, the gap between the rich and the poor
is increasing. In the present situation, one percent of the world’s mega billionaires
control 46 percent of the global financial assets, whereas half of the humanity possess
less than one percent of the world private assets.
The world economic perspectives seen from the economic growth viewpoint are
more modest. The global slowdown of the planetary economy growth has been caused
by its going into another transition, whose main characteristic is the impact of two
trends: developed economies and the developing ones. In fact, while the developing
economies have “gradually fostered“ growth, it has been slowed down in the develop-
ing ones.
America is recovering fast. Favourable conditions in America are also generated
by the Federal Reserves (FED - the Central Bank of the USA). Their policy, in times of
crisis, has proven a good one. A loose monetary policy may be abandoned. There have
been indications that FED will now be advocating the policy of “stimulating” i.e. incen-
tive measures. At the core of such a policy lies the philosophy that the state knows best
what is beneficial for the overall business and economy. The world economy where
American dollar is the reserve currency will depend on the FED policy.
And while America is recovering fast, the situation on the other side of the
Atlantic is somewhat different. Europe is recovering slowly, due to applying wrong
measures for overcoming the crisis. Germany is economically the strongest country in
Europe and the driver of economic development. Its success lies in the development
of the industry and of small and medium-sized enterprises. Recovery trends can be
seen in other strong European economies as well, not so much due to a policy change,
but more owing to a change in the frame of mind. Unlike strong economies, the latest
crisis has revealed all the weaknesses of the European South. Yet, the European South
had one plus - it was buying German goods. The South has collapsed, since saving
i.e. tightening the belt has left it breathless, so the Germans have increased export
to China and Russia, making up for the loss of southern markets, from Portugal and
Spain to Greece. Ordeals in the southern European periphery go on.
It is a big dilemma whether Germany is taking risks too high by persisting on its
economic policy of savings and painful cuts. Errors of a wrong policy were best seen
in the example of Greece where savings and painful cuts were imposed as a necessary
condition for obtaining financial aid. There are no indications that Germany will give
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SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
up on the current economic policy, so in the forthcoming four years strict savings
measures are to be expected.
It is very likely that the map of Europe be changed. It is possible that in ten
years’ time, and maybe even earlier, Europe will be made up of concentric circles.
There will be a core consisting of euro zone countries, which will have to come into
some sort of federation, i.e. they will have to be more closely integrated. The logic be-
hind this is the following. If there is a common debt, there must be a common attitude
on how the European Union will perform fiscal operations. Apart from the federative
core, the wider circle will consist of other EU members, and then the Union will be
much more flexible and open for enlargements. And a third circle will comprise EU
neighbours.
The New Europe, with federation as a solution, evokes confusing memories. The
breakup of former Yugoslavia. However, this would be a completely different kind of
federation. A result of a long process of financial, economic and eventually political
integrations.
If we analyse the economies of other major players on the geoeconomic scene,
the situation is as follows. Japan has gained momentum through an economic pro-
gramme called “abeconomics". The country is facing challenges, since the Japanese
fiscal consolidation should be neither too slow nor too fast. What is unknown, and at
the same time the main global dilemma, is whether the slowing down of the develop-
ing economies, such as the Chinese and the Indian ones, but also those of Russia,
South Africa and Brazil, is of a cyclical or a permanent nature, which will have an
impact on whether they will each be compelled to face an imminent adjustment to a
slower tempo of growth. It is increasingly believed that China will in the long term
slow down its fascinating recent economic progress.
The Chinese economy is the second in the world, and it has originated in specific
circumstances with specific ideas, bringing together the impossible ֊ an economic
model that combines the market and the state economy. Although slowing down, the
Chinese economy is still very strong, and there is no other country in the world under-
going such industrialisation as China is. Owing to this development, the huge differ-
ences between the West and China have been reduced.
Today this country aspires to have a more prominent international role, and is
offering financial aid to countries deeply involved in the financial crisis. Concerned
about the international stability, it is aiming at consolidating its position in the world
and is inclining towards Russia. Yet, China has to help itself first. It has been accruing
foreign reserves, and too much of anything is never good. Now it is buying gold. The
gold fever is shaking the East.
The politically still unrefined BRICS Group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South
Africa) with its 4,400 billion dollars worth of total foreign reserves (out of which. 3,100
billion dollars in China) is a serious challenge to the existing financial order. The new
BRICS Development Bank (headquartered in Durban) could come out offering loans to
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 201
poorer countries more attractive compared to those of the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. BRICS is dreaming of a new world the member coun-
tries of the given Group are trying to build, most probably without the West. Never-
theless, in the balance of powers of the major economic players on the geoeconomic
scene, the biggest economic force in the world will still be “Euro-Am erica”. The Eu-
ropean Union is still the world’s biggest trade importer and exporter, the leading for-
eign investor and foreign investment user. Nearly 20 percent of the total world export
originates from the EU, despite the fact that Europe is still in recession due to record
unemployment.
Serbia is a part of Europe. It has taken the path towards the European Union.
Yet, a lot of time will elapse until it becomes a part of it. The economic situation in
the country is hard and the macroeconomic imbalance persists. In the forthcoming
period, higher rates of economic growth are not to be expected. The gross domestic
product (GDP) growth rate of 2 percent will stay unaffected in the next five years. It
is not until 2018 that the GDP might show a moderate rise. Serbia needs measures for
increasing production and export, as only they could enable a five to six percent GDP
growth - which is essential for the country.
There is no economic growth without investments. Serbia is not particularly
appealing to foreign or domestic investors. The business environment is changing too
slowly, laws are not passed on time, and corruption is among the highest in the region,
all of which prevent healthy investments from coming in. High unemployment in the
country, poverty, budget deficit, public debt, these are all obstacles to development.
Serbia is in a trap of economic deceptions. The current authorities have brought
about economic measures to be implemented in 2014. However, with these measures,
Serbia is doomed, as they contain no development dimensions. The proposed measures
suggest that borrowing will still remain the main means of obtaining liquidity. The fact
that the International Monetary Fund has right away commended these measures is
not good, as they are primarily of a monetary and fiscal nature. The IMF has thus sent
the wrong signals to the ruling authorities in Serbia. Or has their intention been quite
clear, implying that Serbia should continue to fulfil the Fund’s requirements, and they
will loosen their purse-strings. In other words, the message sent by the IMF com-
mending the measures is ֊ borrow, pay off, then borrow again in order to pay what
you are getting now. All this suggests that it is a continuation of deceptions that have
immensely been dispelled by the debt crisis in Europe.
The current authorities in Serbia are blindly sticking to the mantra of the In-
ternational Monetary Fund according to which the public sector is a setback force,
and the private the only hope for reforms and development. Fatal privatisations have
led Serbia into poverty. Privatisation has been carried out by people with no morals.
People from the criminal areas, who made their fortune by plunder in the 90s, have
been frantically fighting to hold on to their riches, leaving the rest of the people poor.
Wealth has given individuals power to rise above ordinary people and impose their
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SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
rule over the country. The time will come when wealth gained by plunder will have to
be given back to the people.
The only light in the dark tunnel where Serbia has found itself is the fact that
it has been announced that as of January 2014, negotiations on EU accession will be
opened. The start of the accession negotiations will not bring Serbia any significantly
higher resources from the European budget, but there will be a correlation between
the things negotiated and the projects to be realized with EU resources. The bulk of
the resources that Serbia would receive should be spent on the public administration
reform, infrastructural projects of local and regional importance, employment meas-
ures, and social inclusion. The majority of European resources should be directed into
four main areas: reinforcement of economic competitiveness, employment initiatives
and improving the educational system, strengthening administrative capacities and
protection of the environment and natural resources.
In today’s Serbian society, important values, crucial to development, are being
lost. These values are education and science. Education should provide high quality
and skilled human resources suitable to the needs of the market. Not enough care is
taken about it in Serbia. Should the hyper-production of suspicious diplomas and PhD
degrees, as well as scholarly titles continue, the economy of the country will not take
an ascending path. It will be a country without a future. Serbia, as one of the leading
countries in Europe in terms of unemployment, by implementing a wrong develop-
mental policy, is preparing the youth for leaving the country.
Until its entry into the EU, Serbia must work hard on socio-economic issues.
The public sector reform cannot be delayed any longer, nor the reform of the pension
system. Reforms are extremely important and must be a priority. Yet they cannot be
successfully implemented without a political reform. The reform success depends on
the laws that should be put into effect. Without an independent justice system and the
rule of law, the creation of a new entrepreneurial ambiance necessary for the country
cannot be encouraged. Unless there is the rule of law, people feel bad, unprotected,
afraid, and without the so necessary feeling of safety. Then there is no innovativeness,
and no creativity. When people recognize true development ideas, which will bring
them a better future, then they will give their support to the leadership that will have
many things to accomplish on the path to reform. The path to reform is the only path.
At the same time it is the path leading to the EU. “Ostentation is something Serbia
simply cannot afford!”
THE WORLD AND SERBIA ֊ DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 203
SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS: A THEORETICAL APPROACH
AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSYS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION AND SERBIA
Biljana Jovanovič Gavrilovic, full professor,
Faculty of Economics ֊ University of Belgrade, Belgrade
The world has recently faced a tough financial and economic crisis, which has
exposed the weaknesses of the previous model of economic growth. Along with solv-
ing the current problems it is important to take account of long-term goals - creating
a competitive, inclusive and sustainable economy, which is able to deal with shocks
and achieve stable economic performance. To ensure continued economic progress
sustainable competitiveness should be the focus of national development strategies.
Under the sustainable competitiveness is understood set of institutions, policies and
factors that allow a country to remain productive in the long term, maintaining social
and environmental sustainability. While the competition equates to productivity and
economic performance, sustainable competitiveness represents a broader concept,
which exceeds the scope of a purely economic well-being and includes other impor-
tant elements of which depends critically the quality of economic growth and sustain-
able prosperity. The sustainable competitiveness focuses not only on the potential for
growth in the medium and long term, but also on the nature of the growth process and
its effects on the overall living conditions of people in the country, which may be more
or less desirable for its residents.
The methodology for measuring sustainable competitiveness is under develop-
ment. It was first constructed a preliminary beta version of the Sustainable Competi-
tiveness Index - SCI in 2011th year, which is very fast, in the following year, replaced
by the sustainability-adjusted GCI. Starting from the definition of sustainable com-
petitiveness, the World Economic Forum has designed an analytical framework, which
should serve as the basis for the formulation of policies aimed at establishing a balance
between economic prosperity, on the one hand, and social and environmental sustain-
ability, on the other. The point is that the conventional Global Competitiveness Index
(GCI) is adjusted by taking into account the social and environmental indicators. GCI
has a central position in the framework and rests on 12 pillars (composed of 113 in-
dicators). Social and environmental pillars of sustainability include nine indicators
each, which are evenly divided into three groups. The Global Competitiveness Index is
adjusted separately for social and environmental sustainability multiplying by the cor-
responding coefficients for each country. This gives the social sustainability-adjusted
GCI and environmental sustainability-adjusted GCI. Average of the two indices gives
sustainability-adjusted GCI.
Quantitative analysis of sustainable competitiveness in the European Union,
which is based on data from the World Economic Forum report for 2013-2014, shows
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SVET I SRBIJA ֊ DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
that this regional integration sui generis, is composed of countries that differ signifi-
cantly in the level of competition, measured by standard or innovated methodology
sensitive to social and environmental sustainability. Out of 27 states, 11 recorded GCI
value that is higher than average, while 61% of the countries remain below that level.
It is worth noting that the introduction of the two pillars of sustainability did not
significantly reduce the GCI score in any of the analyzed EU member states, which
means that competitiveness was not achieved with high social and environmental cost.
However, because of the marked differences in competitiveness within the European
Union, a high priority should be given to strengthening the performance of those coun-
tries that are lagging behind in this area, in order to encourage convergence. Although
some EU countries are among the most competitive economies in the world, viewed
through the prism of conventional or adjusted GCI, the fact is that the EU as a whole
is lagging, in terms of competitiveness, behind the United States or other countries
outside the European area, such as Japan and Canada. Data show that in the case of
the United States the lag is more pronounced when considered conventional (13.7%)
than adjusted GCI (8.5%) , while in Japan and Canada, the situation is reversed.
According to the level of global competitiveness, measured by conventional GCI,
Serbia occupies a very low 101st place out of 148 countries analyzed. Nine places
divide our country from the lowest-ranked EU member state - Greece. Serbia is an ex-
ception among the considered countries because the adjustment of GCI for the social
sustainability results in lowering the value of this indicator. According to the results
achieved in the field of sustainable competitiveness our country is closer to the coun-
tries of the former Yugoslavia, which are not yet part of the European Union. It is
notable that in none of these countries (including Serbia), correcting the conventional
GCI for social and/or environmental sustainability does not bring improvement in the
final result, that is does not increase the value of the adjusted GCI as an indicator of
sustainable competitiveness.
The concept and methodology of sustainable competitiveness, as already men-
tioned, are in statu nascendi. This means that the results of the measurement of sus-
tainable competitiveness, which are contained in the World Economic Forum report
2013-2014, and on which we rely in this paper, are preliminary. However, some find-
ings which are obtained by the research of sustainable competitiveness at the level
of the national economy are very significant. It was confirmed that the competitive-
ness and sustainability are not mutually exclusive. Many countries which have high
position in competitiveness show good results in the field of sustainability too. The
economies that are able to combine economic progress with social inclusion and con-
cern for the natural environment are more likely to achieve a dynamic and sustainable
development that contributes to the improvement of human welfare.
THE WORLD AND SERBIA-DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 205
COMPARATIVE COMPETITIVENESS ANALISIS OF SERBIA
AND THE REGION
Gordana Pesakovic, full professor
Argosy University, Sarasota, USA
In the focus of this paper are the status of the Serbian economy and the well be֊
ing of its people compared to the other countries in the region. The following factors
were analyzed: global competitiveness index, corruption perception index, country’s
credit ratings, doing business indicators, human development index, happy planet in-
dex and world happiness index. Serbia was compared with the following countries:
Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro
and FYR Macedonia.
Multidimensional analysis in this paper revealed a very negative position for
the Serbian economy and society. When compared with other countries in the region,
Serbia has scored very poorly in almost all economic categories, but especially weak
were results in global competitiveness. Serbia has scored 101 out of 148 countries.
The major hindering factors for Serbian competitiveness are: corruption, inefficient
government bureaucracy, access to financing and government instability.
In the area of corruption that is measured by a corruption perception index, the
country has scored 89 out of 176 countries. The only more corrupted country in the
region is Romania.
In the category of “doing business in the country”, Serbia is in the middle on
the world scale (93 out of 189), but in the region, only Bosnia and Herzegovina scored
poorer than Serbia.
Credit ratings of the countries in the region are in general very unfavorable,
with Slovenia being the only exception. Therefore, access to the additional global fi֊
nancial funds for the country’s development is very limited.
Somewhat better scores the country has achieved in the following categories:
human development index (64 out of 187), happy planet index (77 out of 151). How-
ever, World Happiness Report for 2013 reviled very bleak picture for Serbia and well
being of its people. Serbia has scored 106 out of 156 countries. The countries that
scored better in the region are Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Romania.
The status of Serbia, based on the majority of the indicators is not favorable,
while in some cases, like the global competitiveness index, is at the bottom of the list.
It is alarming that the trend of most of the analyzed indicators is negative. Therefore,
a responsible, non bias and non partisan analysis is required in order for the country
to get out of the vicious cycle of dissatisfaction and crisis.
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SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SERBIA BETWEEN
NORMAND PRACTICE
Ljubica Komazec, full professor
Faculty of Economics Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad
The social responsibility of enterprises (companies) represents the concept to
which companies pay attention consciously and voluntarily with a view of a positive
influence on their working, social and natural environment. It is the consequence of
developed awareness on the new position and importance that companies have (and
build themselves) in the new globalized and transparent society.
A simple explanation, it is about companies not chasing only profit, but they
want to share part of their success with their narrow (local) and wide community, sort
of natural partnership and cooperation. This management concept is relatively new in
Serbia, being exactly in the stage of appearance for many reasons.
No enterprise carries out its activity in an isolated space, but it is part of the
community where it can take (natural resources, capital, employees) and should give
(restore natural resources, increases quality of life of employees and the community,
etc.). From the above cited, it means that company has the right and responsibility to
build such a business model that can be assigned to the term of sustainable business.
Manifestation of the social responsible business can be classified into four fields:
- Economic field (profit realization, cost minimization, responsible and ration-
al profit distribution, especially in relation to shareholders);
- Legislative field (obeying laws and rules);
- Ethical field (evading illegal and suspicious activities in all the forms);
֊ Philanthropic field (financing programs to improve the quality of life of the
people in the narrower and wider community.
The quoted four dimensions of social responsibility can be classified into obliga-
tory or expected ones. It is desirable, and good, if they all manifest themselves equally
in a normative and expected way.
However, the analysis of top best enterprises in Serbia shows that:
• Socially responsible business is not correctly understood even in semantic
sense because it is, before all, a human decision and responsibility. It is hard to
expect from people to be socially responsible in a sincere and true way (Milton
Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profit;
• There are not ripe corporations in Serbia; only ripe corporations truly take
care because they have “grown up”, developed and evolved. For this, it is not
real to expect socially responsible business and behavior deeper of the first
level, i.e. the level of communications with the public.
THE WORLD AND SERBIA ֊ DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 207
• The socially responsible business in Serbia mostly appears as philanthropic
one, and actions of this type can be colloquially divided into internal phi-
lanthropy (1) and external philanthropy (2). Philanthropic actions are often
extracted from the media or part of the public that recognized the problem
and inviting to solve it.
The environment where socially responsible behavior of the enterprises in Serbia is
burdened by numerous problems as unfinished (already bad) privatization of social prop-
erty, change of management system, crisis in all the sectors of economy, society, politics,
especially moral. It is hard to expect, but it is possible, sincere actions and programs with a
view of new collective living. Now, socially responsible business appears more under pres-
sure of the near joining to the family of European countries, i.e. the EU.
THE SERBIAN ENERGY SECTOR - FACING THE CHALLENGES
OF THE CRISIS, REFORMS AND NEW STRATEGIES
Petar Djukic, full professor,
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Belgrade
The energy sector has been long since facing the challenges imposed to it by the
epoch-making technological and economic changes worldwide. It threatens to turn
into the biggest temptation for the future development, especially considering the
difficulties and consequences of exploitation of classical mineral fuels. Global climate
changes recorded long ago imposed numerous activities of political nature turned to-
wards searching for solutions in the energy sector and a real global competition in
searching for “green” energy alternative and ways of increasing energy efficiency.
The world is facing drastic structural and economic-technological changes in
marking the development of the so-called sustainable energy sector. This notion con-
tains above all the component of economic sustainability, as the energy sector of the
entire modem world becomes ever more market, financially self-sufficient, economi-
cally and socially efficient and cleaner than it was previously. All this is strategically
set as a need for meeting the standards and principles of economic and technical ef-
ficiency as well as of ecologic suitability.
This process is not simple nor is carried out in the same way everywhere. Oil,
coal and gas are the leading, most available and most commercial energy-generating
products in the world. Besides the fact that they are increasingly unpopular from the
point of view of ecologic consequences, as well as from the position of the first accused
for climate changes, their duration is coming to an end. However, this end was coming
four decades ago, at the time of the alarming warning of the Roman club’s first report
in 1972.
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SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
It turned out that the catastrophic projections were mostly far from reality. Fur-
thermore, the extrapolation of the current trends could never serve as an answer to
the question what will really happen in the future. This is how it went with the energy
sector worldwide. Market, de-regulation and liberalisation of the energy sector offered
a possibility for the scenarios which are far more ”peaceful” than the ones valid prior
to big oil shocks. The very price “shocks” today serve more or less as useful warnings
of that something important is going on and changing in individual markets, but also
as a stimulus for ever more dynamic technological changes in the sector of new and
renewable sources and in the procedures of use of conventional energy sources.
The energy policy of the national countries is under the pressure of global cli-
mate actions, regional strategies for cleaner energy and market liberalisation, espe-
cially of the electric-power industry. It is a two-bladed sword, considering further ex-
pansion of electrification and prevailing of investments in electric-power capacities,
on one hand, and basing of the electric power production on non-renewable natural
mineral fuels, on the other hand.
Serbia has accepted big and heavy obligations, arising, on one side, from accessing
the Energy Community of the South-East Europe, and, on the other side, from the fact that
the date of beginning of negotiations on the Serbia’s accession to the EU got approved. It
will soon have to write-down a large portion of its obsolete and inefficient thermal capaci-
ties for electric power production, to build new, far more efficient and cleaner capacities.
Here, it is very important for it to change the structure of energy production and con-
sumption, with a view to reduction of carbon-dioxide emission, with implementation of
maybe the most radical steps that would lead towards increasing energy efficiency.
Everything undertaken from now on in restructuring the electric-power sector
towards cleaner procedures, “greener” technologies and renewable energy sources
worldwide is only a further intensification of the problems and obligations regarding
economic and technical efficiency and ecologic suitability and sustainability. Namely,
only every eighth kilowatt of the produced electricity in the modern world originates
from the renewable sources. However, the energy thickness of the fossil fuels is some
twenty times bigger than the currently available wind or solar energy, and a large part
of renewable sources has a marked problem of stability and availability.
The Energy Sector Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2025 is a
very important document for the entire social-economic and technological develop-
ment of Serbia. The Draft strategy, which is undergoing the public discussion process
during autumn 2013, represents a starting point of extremely market direction, but
also a very risky variant in the conditions of marked economic recession and weak
chances for quick economic recovery. Unless the key economic systemic and structur-
al changes, fiscal consolidation and assumptions for fast foreign investment inflow, or
sustainable and quality economic growth, take place, there is an actual danger of flop-
ping for the key provisions of the strategy. The Serbian energy sector today is getting
an opportunity either to be modernised and restructured in terms of social-economic
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 209
and ecologic sustainability, or to remain highly-regulated, inefficient activity, man-
aged in administrative and populist manner, which would function in the old ways,
with short-term repairs and disorganised palliative survival measures.
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS -
EUROPEAN UNION VS SERBIA
Dragana Delic, Mr, Teaching Assistant
Faculty of Economics Subotica,
University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad
Europe has enjoyed many decades of growth in wealth and wellbeing, based on
intensive use of natural resources. But, the era of plentiful and cheap resources is over.
The pressures on resources are increasing, reserves are limited and often too costly to
exploit. The resulting environmental degradation imposes further constraints to eco-
nomic growth. Europe faces the dual challenge of stimulating the growth needed to
provide jobs and well-being to its citizens, and of ensuring that the quality of this
growth leads to a sustainable future.
Europe has the world’s highest net imports of resources per person, and its open
economy relies heavily on imported raw materials and energy. Secure access to re՝
sources has become a strategic economic issue. In response to these challenges, in-
creasing resource efficiency and transition to circular economy will be key to securing
growth and jobs for Europe.
The Europe 2020:Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, a flagship
initiative on Resource Efficient Europe, Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe and
many other documents set the EU on the path to this transformation. In the Europe
2020 strategy, sustainable growth means a more resource efficient, greener and more
competitive economy. Resource efficient development allows the economy to create
more wth less, delivering greater value with less input, using resources in a sustainable
way and minimising their impacts on the environment. It is therefore an integral part of
the EU’s agenda for global competitiveness, and also helps ensure a sustainable recovery
from the economic crisis.Using resources more efficiently will help EU to achieve many
objectives. It will be key in making progress to deal with climate change and to achieve
target of reducing EU greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050.
Resource efficiency also leads to the reduction of industrial waste. The produc-
tion process in industry creates waste and byproducts at various stages. But, waste is
no longer being seen as something company gets rid of by landfilling. It is increasing-
ly being recognised as important resources for industries i.e. waste and by-products
from industrial processes can often prove valuable resource inputs for other industries
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SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
(through industrial symbiosis). Reducing waste generation and using waste as a re-
source will help EU to become recycling society and circular economy.
By linking one firms' resource demand to another firms' waste streams, an indus-
trial symbiosis can be created, thus reducing the need for new primary material use.
Industrial symbiosis has the added benefit of underpinning local and regional growth,
creating clusters of firms in symbiosis (eco-industrial parks) that are unified in their
interest in resource efficiency. Improving the re-use of raw materials through industrial
symbiosis across the EU could save 1.4 billion euros and generate 1.6 bilion in sales.
Since the companies are facing rising costs for essential raw materials, their
scarcity and price volatility are having a damaging effect on the economy. Some com-
panies have recognised the benefits of a more productive use of resources and have
already focused on resource efficiency as a way to reduce costs, increase revenues,
improve competitive position, increase productivity and profitability.
Examples of the best practice from EU member states (Denmark, UK, Neth-
erlands, Hungary) show that companies are aware of economic and environmental
benefits of the resource efficiency and industrial symbiosis. According to the reserch-
es presented within the paper, the characteristics of industrial symbiosis exchanges
brought about C02 reductions as well as (a) financial benefit to firms through cost
savings or increased revenues (eco-efficiency) or (b) policy benefit through increased
employment or business development (eco-development).
In Serbia, modest steps are made towards circular economy by Ministry of En-
ergy, Development and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Agency for
Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia and corporate sector. Therefore, pre-
sented strategies and examples of the best practices in EU should be consider in defin-
ing Serbia's road to sustainable society and circular economy.
INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
DEVELOPMENT CHANCE AND BASEMENT FOR INTEGRATION
PROCESS OF SERBIAN ECONOMY
Marijana Vidas-Bubanja, Ph.D, scientific adviser
Belgrade Business School, Belgrade and Faculty for Trade and Banking,
Alpha University, Belgrade
The economic downturn has posed significant challenges to governments re-
garding the most appropriate policies to tackle the crisis. This paper analyzes the
role of ICT in the economic development of Serbia focusing on ICT impact on GDP
growth, unemployment, the organization and work of companies and state admin-
istration.
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 211
After the eurozone sovereign debt crisis deteriorated in the summer of 2011,
growth prospects have again weakened and the economic outlook has worsened for
Serbia as a country in transition. As a consequence, Serbian government has been
faced with stagnant or decreasing growth rates, rising unemployment and worsening
living standard of their citizens. Exports and capital inflows declined, causing difficult
fiscal challenges and rising levels of public debt. This reflects an increasing aware-
ness that the growth model relied in the pre-crisis period, based on cheap inflows of
foreign capital to fund credit booms, was inherently risky and unsustainable, and that
developing local sources of funds and greater lending in local currency could lead to
“safer” growth in the future.
Also, it was evident that the changed growth model in Serbia needs new sources
of growth that will enable further reform, modernization and innovation in order to
boost growth rates towards their long-term potential. Opportunities offered by ICT in
main areas in which Serbia is facing stagnation or decreasing trends are in focus of
this paper, as summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. ICT- Solution for economic challenges in Serbia
ICT as a part of solution for a num- ber of problems and challenges for Serbian economy Serbia suffer from these key barriers: Policy attention should be on:
Serbia needs new source of growth Lack of policy attention ICT should be a key priority for Serbia
A severe lack of productivity, lack of competition and growth Businesses find it difficult to operate in the new ICT based manner, markets are closed and monopolized ICT transformation of companies and liberalization of markets
Low level of innovation Decreasing R D activities, number of researchers, brain drain, Increase investment in educati- on, research and development especially in ICT
High unemployment levels Jobs lost in the process of privatization, young unem- ployment Active labor market policies, skills, life-long learning and education
Inefficient and expensive state Low productivity of public sector Support e-government develo- pment
Transforming the SEE to a true knowledge economy Lack of awareness about ICT potentials and risks Create ICT supportive envi- ronment
In order to overcome stagnant and decreasing economic growth, Serbia has to
consider the possibilities offered by ICTs as they now play a catalytic role in several
212
SVET I SRBIJA ֊ DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
aspects of economic and social life. In fact, technological progress has been driving eco-
nomic growth since 1990. Over the past 15 years ICT and the Internet have delivered
substantial economic growth accounting for 10 percent of GDP growth. The ICT sector-
infrastructure and networks, IT-related services and media—is regarded as an engine of
growth and a source of innovation, with some of the highest growth in productivity. The
sector also raises productivity throughout the economy by increasing efficiency across
sectors. ICT and Internet maturity correlates with wealth creation and will remain the
biggest drivers of global economic growth over the coming decades.
Based on this, Serbian growth model need the following two elements: 1) the
central role of ICTs in the economy, that is, to enable productive and innovative use of
ICTs across the whole economy and society, and 2) the direct impact on economy and
growth of the ICT sector itself.
For Serbian companies ICT innovation should be defined as introducing new
or improved goods and services into the market—or as finding new ways to organize
production or develop new markets with the help of ICTs.
As Serbia has hight unemployment and poverty rates, it is worth noticing that
the Internet and ICT can also serve as a powerful catalyst for job creation. McKinsey' s
global SME survey found 2.6 jobs were created by ICT and the Internet for every one
destroyed.
Serbian government should also create ICT innovation ecosystems across the
economy by supporting policies that promote ICT innovation, developing local busi-
ness incubation ecosystems, and promoting light innovation as a bottom-up and user-
centric approach to drive ICT innovation across the economy.
Serbian government itself could benefit from increasing their own use of the
ICT and the Internet to transform the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector.
As accession to the EU is high on the agenda of Serbian national strategy, we have to
develop information society and implement ICT in our economy in accordance with
European models and standards.
Government, policy makers and business in Serbia must recognize and embrace
the enormous opportunities offered by ICT and the Internet by undertaking the fol-
lowing activities: Firstly, foster competition (promote deregulation) - a competitive busi-
ness environment benefits users and lets innovators and entrepreneurs thrive. Coun-
tries that make their markets more open and competitive achieve greater productiv-
ity; Secondly, encourage innovation - an environment that encourages innovation and
entrepreneurship is vital to capture ICT-based growth. Features of such environment
include: 1) access to start-up capital, 2) protection of intellectual property rights, 3)
support for research and development and 4) the availability of world-class “common
research” conducted by universities and government-funded teams; Thirdly, develop
human capital - talented and educated human capital is the key to success in digital
economy; Fourthly, build infrastructure — Internet infrastructure is a prerequisite for
economic and social growth and development. It is a platform upon which users and
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 213
organizations experience the Internet and upon which entrepreneurs and businesses
innovate.
Serbian government and business should also be aware of the following facts.
The developmental impacts that result from proper ICT implementation are not the
product of changes in technology, connectivity or access alone, but of the conjunction
of those changes with human development activity — the choices people, businesses
and Governments make, the ways in which they connect with new opportunities, the
extent to which they seek to change their prospects in the longer term.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION
IN THE CONTEXT OF SERBIA’S EU ACCESSION
Marijana Maksimovič, Ph.D, scientific advisor
Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade
The role and importance of education increased along with the evolution of hu-
man society. In the capitalist mode of economy, education has become a component
of economic development and competitiveness of a country. Nowadays, cheap labor
is not regarded as a competitive advantage anymore, but an educated workforce only,
which is ready to cope with technological challenges and can contribute to the com-
petitiveness of companies and the society as a whole. Today, the education, there-
fore, is a very important factor of economic development of a country and individual
companies, as a part of a strategy of investing in human resources. Education can be
formal and informal; it may depend upon the whole range of subjective and objective
factors, and thus human resource management has become complex and dependent
on many factors. Individual learning becomes organizational when the new knowl-
edge is transformed within the boundaries of individual organizations that can benefit
from the learning. The Council of Ministers of OECD concluded in 1997 that there is
an “urgent need to implement effective strategies for lifelong learning for all.”
Today, at the EU level, strategies and policies of education and training are based
on the adaptation of the Lisbon Strategy 2000, whose programs are focused on growth
and employment; also, they promote knowledge and innovation as driving forces, es-
pecially in context of increased global competitiveness. EU member states and the Eu-
ropean Commission have strengthened cooperation through the Strategic framework
for European cooperation education and training (ET 2020), and this approach favors
a high quality pre-primary, primary, secondary education and higher education and
training as fundamental to Europe’s success. A support to lifelong learning, which in-
cludes education and training for all, the European Commission has launched through
projects such as Comenius, Erasmus, Leonardo da Vinci and Grundtvig. There are the
other projects in the areas related to the all levels of education, such as language training,
214
SVET I SRBIJA֊ DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
information and communication technologies and political cooperation. In addition,
there are a number of programs related to cooperation, education and training in the
other developed countries outside the European area, such as Australia, Canada, Ja-
pan and the Asia-Pacific region.
This way, lifelong education has become a necessity for all citizens of the EU,
where the knowledge, skills and talent have become a major factor in the European
workplace to achieve innovation, productivity and competitiveness. Preparation of
Serbia for EU accession and its aspiration to become one of the members of a great
European family requires a number of adjustments and overcoming many barriers;
one of the most important is the adjustment to the education and human resources
management by encouraging mobility and fairness.
CURRENT REGIONALISATION IN SERBIA AND REGINAL POLICY
IN THE FUNCTION OF APPROACHING EU
Dejan Molnar, Ph.D, Teaching Assistant
Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
The aim of this paper is to show that the current regionalization in Serbia,
conducted according to NUTS methodology developed in the European Union, rep-
resents a significant segment of the process of accession to the EU. Besides the fact
that such regionalization harmonizes regulations in this area with that existing in
the EU, there is a possibility to conduct adequate policy of regional development in
the country compared to all earlier attempts and efforts to secure territorially equal
development. In this paper, first, current regionalization in Serbia is presented. Then
discussion goes further in detail, considering the ongoing changes in both, the theo-
retical area and in the practice of regional policies, which stress the need to ensure
development for all, not just for less developed regions and on the basis of their own,
endogenous resources, and not on the basis of direct, external incentives. Drawing on
official statistics, in a separate part of the paper, the argument that existing territorial
distribution of investment and government incentives had not been in the function
of balanced regional development, and that the regional differences widened further.
In this context, in the final section the attention is focused on the framework for
regional policy in the EU in the next budget period (2014-2020). In the last part of
the paper, the closer consideration is discussed about the possibilities and conditions
under which Serbia could more widely use resources available in the Union intended
for regional development, and in particular points to the need for a National Regional
Development Plan (NPRD) as soon as possible and to strengthen the capacity of local
governments to prepare development projects.
THE WORLD AND SERBIA ֊ DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIONS 215
Regionalization has become the primary method for strengthening the EU in-
tegration process and the implementation of major joint projects and exchange of
knowledge and experiences between different areas. The EU Member States have
introduced NUTS classification in order to collect statistical data for regions (plan-
ning-statistical regions), which is the basis for defining relevant regional indicators
necessary for monitoring and analyzing regional disparities and regional classifica-
tion in order to use financial resources from the EU Structural Funds. Determination
of these regions is a necessary step that Serbia has to make on its way towards EU
membership. Terms of economic integration of Serbia into the EU, and the use of the
EU Structural and pre-accession Funds include compliance of institutional framework
with European standards and regulations. The main reason for regionalization NUTS
methodology in Serbia, as in the case of other countries, is not administrative-territo-
rial, but statistical and economic. The purpose of the above mentioned procedure is
to create institutional conditions for the implementation of the following analysis:
(a) collection, development and harmonization of the national statistical system with
EU rules and standards, (b) development of socio-economic analysis of the develop-
ment level of statistical regions and making solutions based on them and the adoption
of appropriate development programs aimed at disadvantaged regions/areas, and (c)
institutionalization of physical, administrative and political framework for future re-
gional policy.
Based on the application of the mentioned criteria, regulation in the Republic
of Serbia at NUTS 1 form the following functional areas: (a) Serbia - North is a unit
which includes City of Belgrade and Vojvodina region and (b) Serbia ֊ South unit,
which consists of Šumadija and Western Serbia, Southern and Eastern Serbia and the
Region of Kosovo and Metohija. For lower territorial segments, areas/sub-regions
(NUTS level 3), have been taken already existing units (administrative districts).
The aim of regional policy should be to encourage all places/areas (which are
equivalent to the functional regions) to develop their own potential for growth, prima-
rily on the basis of its internal, endogenous potential. For regional development policy,
support consists of developing internal growth factors, and not the mere redistribu-
tion of resources to less developed parts of the country (top down approach).
The analysis of investment activity during the five-year period (2006-2010), both
at national level and at NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 regions, suggests an unequivocal conclu-
sion - the allocation of investment in Serbia has a tendency to concentrate in the more
developed regions. The main reasons for that are: spatially concentrated privatization,
but also the FDI flows also had a tendency to concentrate in the more developed areas.
Obviously, although there were various attempts to use certain measures in order to
encourage investment process in less developed regions, in reality there were no sig-
nificant results in terms of the intensification of economic activity in them. The main
barriers were inadequate access to necessary business infrastructure and systems for
business support, and the lack of quality “hard” infrastructure.
216
SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
Lack of preparedness of the local administration to attract domestic and foreign
investment characterized the previous period. Municipalities are different in the area
of projects preparation, which resulted in unequal distribution of incentive funds. In-
sufficient number of staff in local governments, as well as their inadequate skills, are
the main reasons for the low rate of investment. Therefore, in the future more atten-
tion should be paid to improving the skills, knowledge and abilities of employees at
the local level, and encourage networking and collaboration with local national and
international institutions.
If there is no built in an administrative capacity at the regional level, the man-
agement of the structural funds remains at the central level. In this context, in Serbia
during next period it is necessary to carry out the following processes: (a) completion
of a comprehensive and coordinated institutional framework for regional policy, (b)
the establishment of incentive mechanisms for conducting effective regional policy,
especially encourage faster development of areas with special development problems,
(c) the efficient use of EU funds, and (d) gradual functional and fiscal decentraliza-
tion, in order to strengthen the capacity of local governments to carry out activities
aimed at local economic development. The functioning of the regional development
policy and the system of redistribution of funds will directly depend on the standard-
ized statistical system on the basis of which developmental measures will be created
and aimed.
To make the site developed, it is not enough to have apply top-down, or just bot-
tom-up principle. Relevant authors, experts for regional development policy, in the
European perspective propose so-called place-based approach, which would conduct
multiple levels of government (including the coordination and cooperation of national
institutions at all levels, horizontal and vertical), and a combination of the two con-
cepts (top down and bottom up). In the final section the attention is focused on the
framework for regional policy in the EU in the next budget period (2014-2020). In the
last part of the paper, the closer consideration is discussed about the possibilities and
conditions under which Serbia could more widely use resources available in the Union
intended for regional development, and in particular points to the need for a National
Regional Development Plan (NPRD) as soon as possible and to strengthen the capacity
of local governments to prepare development projects.
SADRŽAJ
PREDGOVOR.5-6
SVET I SRBIJA - EKONOMSKA I DRUŠTVENA GIBANJA
Snežana Grk, Institut društvenih nauka, Beograd. 11-37
ODRŽIVA KONKURENTNOST: TEORIJSKI PRISTUP
I EMPIRIJSKA ANALIZA NA PRIMERU EVROPSKE UNIJE I SRBIJE
Biljana Jovanovič Gavrilović, Ekonomski fakultet,
Univerzitet u Beogradu. 38-55
UPOREDNA ANALIZA KONKURENTNOSTI PRIVREDA
SRBIJE I ZEMALJA REGIONA
Gordana Pešaković, Argosy University, Sarasota, USA. 56-65
KORPORATIVNA DRUŠTVENA ODGOVORNOST
U SRBIJI IZMEĐU NORME I PRAKSE
Ljubica Komazec, Ekonomski fakultet, Subotica,
Univerzitetu Novom Sadu. 66-78
ENERGETIKA SRBIJE - PRED IZAZOVIMA KRIZE, REFORMI
I NOVIH STRATEGIJA
Petar Đukić, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet,
Univerzitet u Beogradu.79-108
8
SVET I SRBIJA - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
RESURSNA EFIKASNOST I INDUSTRIJSKA SIMBIOZA
- EVROPSKA UNIJA VS SRBIJA
Dragana Delić, Ekonomski fakultet, Subotica,
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu. 109-127
INFORMACIONO KOMUNIKACIONE TEHNOLOGIJE
KAO RAZVOJNA ŠANSA I OSNOVA INTEGRACIONIH
PROCESA SRBIJE
Marijana Vidas-Bubanja, Beogradska poslovna škola-visoka škola
strukovnih studija, Beograd i Fakultet za trgovinu i bankarstvo,
Alfa univerzitet, Beograd. 128-151
UPRAVLJANJE LJUDSKIM RESURSIMA I OBRAZOVANJE
U KONTEKSTU PRIDRUŽIVANJA SRBIJE EU
Marijana Maksimovič, Institut društvenih nauka, Beograd. 152-168
AKTUELNA REGIONALIZACIJA U SRBIJI I REGIONALNA
POLITIKA U FUNKCIJI PRIBLIŽAVANJA EU
Dejan Molnar, Ekonomski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu. 169-195
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
AND INTEGRATIONS
Resume
THE WORLD AND SERBIA - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COMMOTIONS
Snezana Grk, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade. 199-202
SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS: A THEORETICAL
APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSYS ON THE EXAMPLE
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SERBIA
Biljana Jovanovič Gavrilovic, Faculty of Economics
- University of Belgrade, Belgrade. 203-204
SRBIJA I SVET - DIMENZIJE RAZVOJA I INTEGRACIJA
9
COMPARATIVE COMPETITIVENESS ANALISIS OF SERBIA
AND THE REGION Gordana Pesakxmc, Argosy University, Sarasota, USA . 205-205
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SERBIA BETWEEN NORM AND PRACTICE Ljubica Komazec, Faculty of Economics Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad . 206-207
THE SERBIAN ENERGY SECTOR - FACING THE CHALLENGES OF THE CRISIS, REFORMS AND NEW STRATEGIES Petar Djukic, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade . 207-209
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS - EUROPEAN UNION VS SERBIA Dragana Delic, Faculty of Economics Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad . 209-210
INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
DEVELOPMENT CHANCE AND BASEMENT FOR INTEGRATION
PROCESS OF SERBIAN ECONOMY
Marijana Vidas-Bubanja, Belgrade Business School,
Belgrade and Faculty for Trade and Banking, Alpha University, Belgrade . 210-213
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SERBIA’S EU ACCESSION Marijana Maksimovič, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade . 213-214
CURRENT REGIONALISATION IN SERBIA AND REGINAL POLICY IN THE FUNCTION OF APPROACHING EU Dejan Molnar, Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade . 214-216 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Serbien |
| id | DE-604.BV042151312 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:47:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788653100254 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027591149 |
| oclc_num | 919476309 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 216 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Inst. Društvenih Nauka |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija Snežana Grk, urednik Beograd Inst. Društvenih Nauka 2013 216 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The world and Serbia : dimensions of development and integrations Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 s Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 s DE-604 Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 s Grk, Snežana Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027591149&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027591149&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4120988-6 (DE-588)4071013-0 (DE-588)4120503-0 (DE-588)4054598-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija |
| title_auth | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija |
| title_exact_search | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija |
| title_full | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija Snežana Grk, urednik |
| title_fullStr | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija Snežana Grk, urednik |
| title_full_unstemmed | Svet i Srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija Snežana Grk, urednik |
| title_short | Svet i Srbija |
| title_sort | svet i srbija dimenzije razvoja i integracija |
| title_sub | dimenzije razvoja i integracija |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Internationale Kooperation (DE-588)4120503-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Wirtschaftsentwicklung Beitritt Europäische Integration Internationale Kooperation Serbien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027591149&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027591149&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grksnezana svetisrbijadimenzijerazvojaiintegracija |