Old Chinese: a new reconstruction
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English Chinese |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | [XI], 431 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199945375 0199945373 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 008 | 141001s2014 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 2013013080 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780199945375 |c hbk. : alk. paper |9 978-019-994-537-5 | ||
| 020 | |a 0199945373 |c hbk. : alk. paper |9 0-19-994537-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)894474709 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Baxter, William H. |d 1949- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)171968751 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Old Chinese |b a new reconstruction |c William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a [XI], 431 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chinese language / Phonology / To 600 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chinese language / Phonology | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Phonologie |0 (DE-588)4045836-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Altchinesisch |0 (DE-588)4133636-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sagart, Laurent |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1059430886 |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027539932&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027539932 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152562145820672 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | { CONTENTS }
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is Old Chinese? 1
1.1.1 The traditional approach to Old Chinese reconstruction 2
1.1.2 A broader approach 3
1.2 Methodology 4
1.2.1 The nature of linguistic reconstruction 4
1.2.2 Our approach to reconstructing Old Chinese 6
1.3 Plan of the book 8
2 The evidence for Old Chinese 9
2.1 Middle Chinese 9
2. LI Sources for Middle Chinese 9
2 A. 2 Our notation for Middle Chinese 12
2A.2A The Middle Chinese tones 14
2A.2.2 The Middle Chinese initials 14
2 A. 2.3 The Middle Chinese finals 16
2.2 Old Chinese rhyme evidence 20
2.3 Evidence from the Chinese script 26
2.4 Modem Chinese dialects 32
2.4A The Min dialects 33
2.4.2 The Hakka (Kejia § dialects 33
2.4.3 Waxiang U or Xianghua % IS dialects 34
2.5 Early Chinese loanwords in other languages 34
2.5.1 The Vietic languages 34
2.5.2 The Hmong-Mien languages 35
2.5.3 The Kra-Dai languages 36
2.6 Traditional Chinese texts explicitly discussing language 37
2.6.1 The substitution ofAk/M. yun for ^ you in early texts 38
2.7 Tibeto-Burman 40
3 An overview of the reconstruction 42
3.1 Onsets: main hypotheses 42
3.1.1 Pharyngealized onsets in type-A syllables 43
3.1.2 Uvular initials 43
3.1.3 Preinitials as the source of Proto-Min voiceless resonants 46
3.1.4 Loosely attached preinitials as the source of Proto-Min “softened” stops 46
3.1.5 Tightly attached preinitials as the source of Proto-Min aspirated
voiced stops 47
VI
Contents
3.1.6 Preinitials (tight or loose) as the source ofVietic softening 47
3.1.7 Prenasalization from Old Chinese nasal preinitials in loans to
Hmong-Mien 48
3.1.8 *N-r(9- and *m-r()- as sources of MC d- and y- 48
3.1.9 Preinitial *t- plus velars as a source of Middle Chinese Tsy- initials 48
3.2 Rhymes 50
3.3 Root structure, word structure, and affixation 50
3.3.1 Root structure 50
3.3.2 Affixation 53
3.3.2.1 The *N- prefix 54
3.3.2.2 The *m- prefixes 54
3.3.2.3 The *s- prefixes 56
3.3.2.4 The *t-prefixes 56
3.3.2.5 The *k~ prefixes 57
3.3.2.6 The * r infix 57
3.3.2.7 The *-s suffixes 58
3.3.3 Word families 59
3.3.4 Related roots 60
3.4 The nature of the pre-Qin script 62
4 Old Chinese onsets
4.1 The evolution of Old Chinese initial consonants: major processes 68
4.1.1 Pharyngealization 68
4.1.2 Palatalization 76
4.1.3 Retroflexion 80
4.1.4 Secondary voicing 81
4.2 Applying the comparative method within Chinese 83
4.2.1 Proto-Min 84
4.2.1.1 Proto-Min initial stops and affricates 85
4.2.1.2 Proto-Min re sonants 91
4.2.1.3 Min affricates corresponding to Middle Chinese fricatives 92
4.2.2 Early loans to other languages 93
4.2.2.1 Vie tic 93
4.2.2.2 Hmong-Mien 94
4.2.2.3 Lakkia 96
4.2.3 Inferring Old Chinese manner distinctions from
comparative evidence 97
4.3 Singleton onsets 99
4.3.1 Voiceless unaspirated obstruents: type *p()- 99
4.3.2 Voiceless aspirated obstruents: type *ph(ç)- 102
4.3.3 Voiced obstruents: type *b(ç)~ 105
4.3.4 Voiced résonants: type 108
4.3.5 Voiceless résonants: type *tp(ç)- 111
4.3.5.1 Dialect reflexes of coronal voiceless resonants
*#(% */(% and *r(fr 112
68
Contents
vii
4.4 Tightly attached onsets 116
4.4.1 Onsets with preinitial *N 116
4.4.LI Preinitial *Nplus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *N.pC)~ 116
4.4.1.2 Preinitial *Nplus voiceless aspirated obstruents: type *N.phC)- 120
4.4.1.3 Preinitial *Nplus voiced obstruents: type *N.b(9- 121
4.4.1.4 Preinitial *Nplus voiced resonants: type *N.r(i)֊ 122
4.4.1.5 Preinitial *N plus voiceless resonants: type *N.ip(v)~ 122
4.4.2 Onsets with preinitial *m 123
4.4.2.1 Preinitial *m plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *m.pC)~ 123
4.4.2.2 Preinitial *m plus voiceless aspirated obstruents:
type *m.phC)- 128
4.4.2.3 Preinitial *m plus voiced obstruents: type *m.bC)~ 131
4.4.2.4 Preinitial *m plus voiced resonants: type *m.nC)- 132
4.4.2.5 Preinitial *m plus voiceless resonants: type 134
4.4.3 Onsets with preinitial *s 135
4.4.3.1 Preinitial *s plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *s.p(9- 135
4.4.3.2 Preinitial *s plus voiceless aspirated obstruents: type *s.th(i)- 138
4.4.3.3 Preinitial *s plus voiced obstruents: type *s.b(9- 141
4.4.3.4 Preinitial *5 plus voiced resonants: type *s.m(v)~ 143
4.4.3.5 Preinitial *s plus voiceless resonants: type *s.n- 149
4.4.4 Onsets with preinitial *p, *t, *k 151
4.4.4.1 Preinitial *p, *t, *k plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *p.k({)- 152
4.4.4.2 Preinitial *p, *t, *kplus voiceless aspirated obstruents:
type *p.th(?)~ 157
4.4.4.3 Preinitial *p, *t, *kplus voiced obstruents: type *k.dz(ty- 160
4.4.4.4 Preinitial *p, *t, *k plus voiced re sonants: type *p.m0- 161
4.4.4.5 Pre initial *p, *t, *k plus voiceless re sonants: type *p.qt(i)- 165
4.4.5 Onsets with tightly attached unidentified preinitial *C 168
4.4.5.1 Preinitial *C plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents: type
*C.pO- MS
4.4.5.2 Preinitial *C plus voiceless aspirated obstruents: type *C.phC)- 169
4.4.5.3 Pre initial *C plus voiced obstruents: type *C.bfi)- 170
4.4.5.4 Preinitial *Cplus voiced resonants: type *C.m(*)- 171
4.4.5.5 Preinitial *C plus voiceless resonants: type ^C.rpO- 173
4.5 Onsets with loosely attached preinitials 173
4.5.1 Onsets with pre initial *No 174
4.5.1.1 Pre initial *N3 plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *N3.pC)~ 174
4.5.1.2 Preinitial *No plus voiceless aspirated obstruents: type
*Na.phC)~ 174
4.5.1.3 Preinitial *Nd plus voiced obstruents: type *N3.b(l՝)~ 175
4.5.1.4 Preinitial *No plus voiced resonants: type *Ns.r(fi֊ 176
Vlll
Contents
4,5.1.5 Preinitial *N3 plus voiceless resonants: type *N3.p(i)- 176
4.5.2 Onsets with preinitial *mz 176
4.5.2.1 Pre initial *md plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *m9.pC)~ 176
4.5.2.2 Preinitial *ma plus voiceless aspirated obstruents:
type *ma.pY9- 177
4.5.2.3 Pre initial *ma plus voiced obstruents: type *m3.b()- 178
4.5.2.4 Preinitial *ma plus voiced resonants: type *ma.r(9֊ 178
4.5.2.5 Pre initial *ma plus voiceless resonants: type *ma./C9~ 180
4.5.3 Onsets with pre initial *sb 180
4.5.3.1 Preinitial *so plus voiceless obstruents: types *sd.pC)- and
*sB.phC)- 181
4.5.3.2 Preinitial *sb plus voiced obstruents: type *S3.b()- 181
4.5.3.3 Preinitial *sb plus voiced resonants: type *S3.1()- 182
4.5.4 Onsets with pre initial *pa, *t3, *ko 183
4.5.4.1 Pre initial *pd, *ta, *ka plus obstruents: type *k3.d()- 183
4.5.4.2 Pre initial *td, *kd plus voiced re sonants: type *k3.l()- 184
4.5.4.3 Preinitial *pa, *ta, *ka plus voiceless resonants: type *k3.jC)- 185
4.5.5 Onsets with loosely attached unidentified pre initial *Ca 186
4.5.5.1 Preinitial *Ca plus voiceless unaspirated obstruents:
type *C3.pC)֊ 186
4.5.5.2 Pre initial *Cb plus voiced obstruents: type ^Ca.bfi)- 188
4.5.5.3 Preinitial *Cd plus voiced resonants: type *Cb.IO֊ 190
4.5.5.4 Preinitial *Cb plus voiceless resonants: type *C3.qt(9֊ 191
4.6 Onsets with complex preinitials 191
5 Old Chinese rhymes 194
5.1 Overview: vowels, codas, postcodas 194
5.2 The six-vowel system 198
5.2.1 The rounded-vowel and front-vowel hypotheses 203
5.2.2 The six-vowel reconstruction as a philological heuristic 207
5.3 Rhyme development: main processes 211
5.3.1 The effects of pharyngealized onsets 211
5.3.2 The effects of prevocalic *-r- 213
5.3.2.1 Prevocalic *-r- in pharyngealized (type-A) syllables
(“division IF ) 213
5.3.2.2 Prevocalic *-r- in nonpharyngealized (type B) syllables 215
5.3.3 Assim ilations and dissimilations 218
5.4 Rhymes with back codas (*-0, *-k, and *-g) 219
5.4.1 *a with back codas 219
5.4.1.1 *-a (~ traditional Yu) 221
5.4.1.2 *-ak(-s) (— traditional Duo) 224
5.4.1.3 *-ay (= traditional ffi Yang) 227
5.4.2 *3 with back codas 228
5.4.2.1 *-3 (- traditional ZhT) 229
5.4.2.2 *-3k(-s) (— traditional Zhi) 229
5.4.2.3 *-3y (— traditional Zheng) 231
Contents
IX
5.4.3 *e with back codas 231
5.4.3.1 *-e (cz traditional ^ ZhJ) 232
5.4.3.2 *~ek(֊s) (cz traditional ® XT) 233
5.4.3.3 *-erj (c: traditional $f֊ Gëng) 234
5.4.4 */ with back codas 236
5.4.5 *o with back codas 241
5.4.5.1 *-o (— traditional Hóu) 242
5.4.5.2 *-ok(-s) (— traditional M Wü) 243
5.4.5.3 *-oy (= traditional j([ Dong) 244
5.4.6 *u with back codas 245
5.4.6.1 *~u (cz traditional j^j You) 247
5.4.6.2 *-uk(-s) (cz traditional jft Jué) 248
5.4.6.3 *~ur) (— traditional ^ Dong) 250
5.5 Rhymes with acute codas (*-j, *-t, *-n, and *-r) 251
5.5.1 The coda *֊r 252
5.5.1.1 The rhymes *֊an, *~9j, and *֊ar 252
5.5.1.2 The rhymes *-an, *-aj, and *~ar 256
5.5.1.3 Transcription evidence for *-r 260
5.5.1.4 OC *-r *-j in and near the Shandong peninsula 264
5.5.2 *a with acute codas 268
5.5.2.1 *-aJ (c traditional ffc Gë) 269
5.5.2.2 *-at(-s) (cz traditional ft Yuè) 271
5.5.2.3 *-an (cz traditional yt Yuan) 273
5.5.2.4 *֊ar *-an (cz traditional yt Yuan) or *-aj (cz traditional lfj( Gë)
according to dialect 273
5.5.3 *e with acute codas 274
5.5.3.1 *-ej: *-e (cz traditional St Zhi)? 275
5.53.2 *-et(-s) (cz traditional ft Yuè) 275
5.53.3 *-en (cz traditional yt Yuan) 277
5.53.4 *-er *-en (cz traditional yt Yuan) or *-ej ( *-e, cz traditional
Zhi?) 278
5.5.4 *o with acute codas 279
5.5.4.1 *-oj (cz traditional Ift Gë) 279
5.5.4.2 *-ot(-s) (cz traditional ft Yuè) 280
5.5.43 *-on (cz traditional yt Yuan) 281
5.5.4.4 *-or *-on (cz traditional yt Yuan) or *-oj (cz traditional Gë),
according to dialect 282
5.5.5 *9 with acute codas 283
5.5.5.1 *-9j (cz traditional W Wei) 284
5.53.2 *-9t(-s) (cz traditional Wü) 286
5.5.53 *-on (cz traditional St Wén) 287
5.53.4 *-ar *-an (cz traditional St Wén) or *֊aj (cz traditional Wëi),
according to dialect 288
53.6 *i with acute codas 288
5.5.6.1 *-ij (cz traditional Zhi) 289
53.6.2 *֊it(֊s) (cz traditional X Zhi) 290
5.5.63 *-in (cz traditional Zhën) 291
X
Contents
5.5.6.4 *-ir *-in (cz traditional ÿf. Zhën) or *
according to dialect 292
5.5.7 *u with acute codas 292
5.5.7.1 *֊uj (cz traditional Ш Wëi) 293
5.5.7.2 *-ut(-s) (cz traditional Щ WÙ) 293
5.5.7.3 *-un (cz traditional $C Wén) 294
5.5.7.4 *-ur: *֊un (cz traditional SC Wén) or
according to dialect 294
5.6 Rhymes with the codas *-w and *-wk 295
5.6.1 *a with *-w and *~wk(֊s) 295
5.6.1.1 *-aw (cz traditional W Xiao) 295
5.6.1.2 *-awk(-s) (cz traditional Ш Yào) 297
5.6.2 *e with *~w and *֊wk(-s) 297
5.6.2.1 *-ew (cz traditional W Xiao) 298
5.6.2.2 *-ewk(-s) (cz traditional ФЦ Yào) 299
5.6.3 *i with *-w and *-wk(-s) 300
5.6.3.1 *-iw (cz traditional Ш You) 300
5.6.3.2 *-iwk(-s) (cz traditional flt Jué) 301
5.7 Rhymes with labial codas (*-p and *-m) 302
6 Conclusion
6.1 What kind of language was Old Chinese? 316
6.2 Dialect differences in Old Chinese 319
6.3 Known issues 320
6.3.1 *-a VS. *-A, *-ak VS. *-Ak, *-aj VS *֊AJ 320
6.3.2 *5֊ VS. *S՜ 321
6.3.3 Unexplained phonological gaps 321
6.3.4 Unknown functions of the *-s suffix 321
6.4 General directions for future research 322
6.5 Old Chinese in broad comparative context 323
Appendix of reconstructed forms 327
Notes 379
References 405
Index 419
чj (cz traditional Jj§ Zhi)
*-uj (cz traditional Ш Wëi),
316
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baxter, William H. 1949- Sagart, Laurent |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171968751 (DE-588)1059430886 |
| author_facet | Baxter, William H. 1949- Sagart, Laurent |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Baxter, William H. 1949- |
| author_variant | w h b wh whb l s ls |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042099240 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PL1201 |
| callnumber-raw | PL1201 |
| callnumber-search | PL1201 |
| callnumber-sort | PL 41201 |
| callnumber-subject | PL - Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania |
| classification_rvk | EG 9128 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)894474709 (DE-599)BSZ414875702 |
| dewey-full | 495.17 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 495 - Languages of east and southeast Asia |
| dewey-raw | 495.17 |
| dewey-search | 495.17 |
| dewey-sort | 3495.17 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV042099240 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:12:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199945375 0199945373 |
| language | English Chinese |
| lccn | 2013013080 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027539932 |
| oclc_num | 894474709 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | [XI], 431 S. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Baxter, William H. 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)171968751 aut Old Chinese a new reconstruction William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2014 [XI], 431 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Chinese language / Phonology / To 600 Chinese language / Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd rswk-swf Altchinesisch (DE-588)4133636-7 gnd rswk-swf Altchinesisch (DE-588)4133636-7 s Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 s DE-604 Sagart, Laurent Verfasser (DE-588)1059430886 aut Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027539932&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Baxter, William H. 1949- Sagart, Laurent Old Chinese a new reconstruction Chinese language / Phonology / To 600 Chinese language / Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd Altchinesisch (DE-588)4133636-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045836-2 (DE-588)4133636-7 |
| title | Old Chinese a new reconstruction |
| title_auth | Old Chinese a new reconstruction |
| title_exact_search | Old Chinese a new reconstruction |
| title_full | Old Chinese a new reconstruction William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart |
| title_fullStr | Old Chinese a new reconstruction William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart |
| title_full_unstemmed | Old Chinese a new reconstruction William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart |
| title_short | Old Chinese |
| title_sort | old chinese a new reconstruction |
| title_sub | a new reconstruction |
| topic | Chinese language / Phonology / To 600 Chinese language / Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd Altchinesisch (DE-588)4133636-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chinese language / Phonology / To 600 Chinese language / Phonology Phonologie Altchinesisch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027539932&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT baxterwilliamh oldchineseanewreconstruction AT sagartlaurent oldchineseanewreconstruction |