Virtuous violence: hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 357 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781107088207 9781107458918 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Virtuous Violence
What motivates violence? How can good and compassionate people hurt and kill others or themselves? Why are people much more likely to kill or assault people they know well, rather than strangers? This provocative and radical book shows that people mostly commit violence because they genuinely feel that it is the morally right thing to do. In perpetrators’ minds, violence may be the morally necessary and proper way to regulate social relationships according to cultural precepts, precedents, and prototypes. These moral motivations apply equally to the violence of the heroes of the Iliad, to parents smacking their child, and to many modern murders and everyday acts of violence. Virtuous Violence presents a wide-ranging exploration of violence across different cultures and historical eras, demonstrating how people feel obligated to violently create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships in order to make them right, according to morally motivated cultural ideals.
Alan Page Fiske is Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he has also served as Director of the Behavior Evolution and Culture Center, and Director of the Culture, Brain, and Development Center. He has worked abroad for eight years as a Peace Corps Volunteer, World Health Organization consultant, and Peace Corps Country Director as well as conducting ethnographic fieldwork. He is widely known for his relational models theory, the only comprehensive, integrated theory of human sociality, which has been tested and applied in numerous studies by hundreds of researchers.
Tage Shakti Rai is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Ford Center for Global Citizenship in the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. He is known for developing relationship regulation theory, which argues that morality cannot be understood independently of sociality, and that diversity in moral judgments and behaviors is driven by patterns in the social relationships within which they occur.
CONTENTS
ft
Figures and tables page xiv Foreword by Steven Pinker xv Warm thanks xix The point xxi
Why are people violent? i What we mean by “violence” 2 Natural aversion to killing and hurting 3 What we mean by “moral” 5 Conflicting moralities and post-hoc justifications 7 Pain and suffering are not intrinsically evil 10 Forerunners of virtuous violence theory and how it goes beyond them 12 Scope: what we are and are not discussing 15 Illegitimate, immoral violence 15
Violence is morally motivated to regulate social relationships 17
Fundamental ways of relating: the four elementary relational models Cultural implementations of universal models 21 Constitutive phases 22 Metarelational models 25
Defense, punishment, and vengeance 3 5
Defense and punishment 3 5 Vengeance 37
x / Contents
Metarelational rétribution 39 Violence due to conflicting models 40
4
The right and obligation of parents, police, kings, and gods to violently enforce their authority 42.
Corporal punishment of children 44 Violence in the military 47 Violent policing 48 Violence by gods 50
Explanations of accidents, misfortune, and suffering 52. Trial by ordeal and combat 53
Metarelational aspects of authority-ranking violence 56
5 Contests of violence: fighting for respect and solidarity 60
Knighthood in medieval Europe 64 Gang and criminal cultures 65 Fighting among and alongside the gods 68 Sports 69
Fighting among youths 71 Metarelational aspects of fighting for respect and solidarity 73
6 Honor and shame 77 Guest-host relationship 81 Honor killing 82
Honor violence in the United States 83 Honor among thieves 8 5
How the metarelational honor model organized the violence of the Trojan War 86
7 War 93
The motives of leaders and nations 94
The moral motives that move soldiers to go to war 100
Killing under orders 101
Killing for your comrades 102
Extremist violence and terrorism 104
8 Violence to obey, honor, and connect with the gods 107 Gods command violence 108 Sacrificing animals and humans to the gods 113 Self-sacrifice to the gods 119 China 121
American Indians 12.3
Christian monastic asceticism 126
Christian and Muslim self-flagellation 127
Theoretical elaboration 132,
On relational morality: what are its boundaries, what guides it, and how is it computed? 134 Defining the moral space 134
Distinguishing between moral and immoral relationship regulation 136
What are the cultural preos delimiting violence? 142 Going beyond the culturally prescribed limits to violence 145 Is morally motivated violence rational and deliberative or emotional and impulsive? 146
The prevailing wisdom 150
Are most killers sadists and psychopaths? 150 Are killers rational? 152 Are killers impulsive? 154 Are killers mistaken? 156
Intimate partner violence 163
Intimate partner violence is widespread 165 Intimate partner violence is morally motivated to regulate relationships 166
Rape 168 Rape in war 174 Gang rape 175
Making them one with us: initiation, clitoridectomy, infibulation, circumcision, and castration 179 Initiation rites 180 Circumcision and excision 184 Eunuch opportunities 187
Torture 191
Motives of leaders who order torture 192 Motives of torturers 192
Motives of the public that approves of the use of torture 194
Homicide: he had it coming 196
How many homicides are morally motivated? 197
Mass murder 202
Homicides committed by the mentally ill 2,04 Metarelational motives for homicide 2.05
Ethnic violence and genocide 106
Violence against African-Americans in the US South 206
Genocide 2,08
Null attitudes and dehumanization in the perpetuation of mass violence 2.12.
Self-harm and suicide 2 x 6
Non-suicidal self-injury 2.17 Suicide 2. x 8
Violent bereavement 2,2.3
Why are people sometimes enraged by death? 2.3 8
Non-bodily violence: robbery 243 Robbery for equality-matching vengeance 244 Robbery for authority-ranking status 245
The specific form of violence for constituting each relational model Z5 x
Communal sharing violence: indexical consubstantial assimilation 253
Authority-ranking violence: iconic physics of magnitudes and dimensions 254
Equality-matching violence: concrete os tensive operations 255
Market-pricing violence: arbitrary conventional symbolism 256
Why do people use violence to constitute their social relationships, rather than using some other medium? 25 8 Criticality 2 60
Metarelational models that inhibit or provide alternatives to violence 269
xiii / Contents
23 How do we end violence? 2,76
Civil disobedience and hunger strikes 278 Urban gang homicide 282
Evolutionary, philosophical, legal, psychological,
and research implications 2.87
Evolution 287
Philosophy 289
Law 292
Psychology 295
Research 297
The dénouement 301
What do we mean by “most” violence? 301
The need for general explanations 302
References 305 Index 343
|
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| spelling | Fiske, Alan Page 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1064679005 aut Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships Alan Page Fiske and Tage Shakti Rai Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press 2015 XXVI, 357 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 gnd rswk-swf Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 s Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s DE-604 Rai, Tage Shakti Verfasser (DE-588)1246535033 aut Pinker, Steven 1954- (DE-588)120137305 win Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027535648&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027535648&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fiske, Alan Page 1947- Rai, Tage Shakti Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 gnd |
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| title | Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships |
| title_auth | Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships |
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| title_full | Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships Alan Page Fiske and Tage Shakti Rai |
| title_fullStr | Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships Alan Page Fiske and Tage Shakti Rai |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtuous violence hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships Alan Page Fiske and Tage Shakti Rai |
| title_short | Virtuous violence |
| title_sort | virtuous violence hurting and killing to create sustain end and honor social relationships |
| title_sub | hurting and killing to create, sustain, end, and honor social relationships |
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