Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Prishtinë
Shtëpia Botuese "Ura"
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (pages 353-358) and index |
| Beschreibung: | 383 pages illustrations (black and white) 20 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789951512459 9951512453 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hajrullahu, Ismet |d 1964- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1058664786 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën |c Ismet Hajrullahu. [Red.: Agim Zogaj] |
| 264 | 1 | |a Prishtinë |b Shtëpia Botuese "Ura" |c 2012 | |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 353-358) and index | ||
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a United Nations / Balkan Peninsula |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Balkan Peninsula |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a NATO |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Vereinte Nationen |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës |0 (DE-588)4549901-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1990-1999 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kosovo War, 1998-1999 / Diplomatic history | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Conflict management / Balkan Peninsula | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Außenpolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Unabhängigkeitsbewegung |0 (DE-588)4121814-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kosovo-Krieg |0 (DE-588)4547508-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kosovo (Republic) / independence movements | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kosovo (Republic) / History | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kosovo (Republic) / Foreign relations | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kosovo |0 (DE-588)4032571-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1817507368896823296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULLITXX PER KOSOVEN
PÈRMBAJTJA
NË
VEND
TË PARATHËNIES
.7
HYRJE
.13
KREU
I
SUPRIMIMI IINSTITUCIONEVE
VETËQEVERISËSE
TËKOSOVËS
.31
1.
Trashëgimia institucionale
e
Kosovës
.31
2.
Riinstalimi
¡
aparteidit dhe
і
terroni
shtetëror
serb.
48
3.
Pushteti
paralel dhe
veçoritë
e tij
.51
4.
Sistemi
i ¡nformimit publik
.57
KREU
II
ALTERNATÍVÁT
E ZGJIDHJES SË
ÇËSHTJES SË
KOSOVËS
.69
1.
Kosova
e pavarur dhe neutrale, zgjidhja e vetme
më
e mire
.69
2.
Autonomia e zgjeruar, ne konceptin
politik të
diplomacisë Perëndimore
.78
3.
Rezistenca
paqësore dhe pasqyrimi
i saj
në shtyp
.93
4.
Marrëveshja për arsimin (shtator
1996).98
KREU
III
STRATEGJIA E LUFTËS
GUERILE
KUNDËR PUSHTUESIT
SERB
115
1.
Krijimi
і
Ushtrisë
Çlirimtare
të Kosovës
(UÇK)
.115
2.
Aksionet e para të luftës
guerile
.140
3.
Zgjerími i
operacioneve
luftarake
.152
4.
Format
e dhunës e të represionit shtetëror
serb
.163
5.
Protestat
studentore të
1
tetorit
1997.173
-379-
ISMET HAJRULLAHU
KREU
IV
ACARIMI
I
SITUATES
POLITIKE
NË
KOSOVĚ
185
1.
Qasjet mediatike
për luftë
.185
2.
Përgatitjet serbe për
agresión
kundër Drenicës
.206
3.
Theksimi
і
prirjeve
për
politike
militante
.211
4.
Përpjekjetëdështuara për një
ritakim
Rugova-Millosheviq.223
KREU
V
AGRESIONI
USHTARAK SERB
KUNDËR DRENICËS
.233
1.
Qëndresa heroike
e familjes
Jashari
.233
2.
Përkrahje gjithëshqiptare për Drenlcën
.241
3.
Zgjedhjet
e
22
marsit
1998:
për dhe kundër
.250
4.
KrizaeGrupittëKontaktit
.259
PËRFUNDIME
.275
Fjala
e
redaktorit dhe
e recensenti.
285
Historie
lire
.:.285
Uber
që përmbush
standardét
e një
monografìe
shkencore-historike
.290
Conclusions
.293
A book which can be considered as an anthem
for the
Kosova
Liberation Army.
.303
A History of Freedom
.308
A book which meets the standards
of a scientific-historic monograph
.313
SHTOJCË
.319
Letër
e
Enver
Hoxhës
drejtuar Komitetit Central
të PK
(В)
të URSS-së mbi "Kosovën dhe Metohinë"
.319
-380-
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULUT
XX
PËR KOSOVËN
BALLE PER BALLE
ME
UÇK-në
.333
UÇK-ja është pjellë
e
politikës së gabuar,
e kompromiseve
dhe
e
vonesave të faktorit ndërkombëtar
.333
Ngjashmëritë dhe dailimet
midis
lëvizjeve
guerile
.336
Rezisrenca jonë paqësore
u
gjend në duart
e
spekuluesve
dhetë qyqarëve
.340
KATËR LETRAT PËRÇARËSE
TË DR. RUGOVËS
.343
Letra
e pare
-
përçarja
e studentëve
.343
Letra
edytë-
përçarja
e anëtarësisë së LDK-së
.345
Letra
e
trete -
përçarja
e zgjedhësve
.348
Letra
e
katërt
-
përçarja
e popullit
.349
Bibliografia
.353
Shënime përautorin
.359
Treguesi
і
emrave të njerëzve
.361
Treguesi
і
emrave të vendeve
.370
-381-
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULUT
XX
PËR KOSOVËN
CONCLUSIONS
The years
1989-1999
compose one of the most
special periods for the contemporary history of
Kosova.
This
period is characterized by two fundamental features or,
said more accurately if created the conditions for resolving
the two major problems of our national history, democratic
development in Albania and simultaneously the liberation
of
Kosova
from the secular Serbian occupation.
These two processes dominated entirely the political,
economic, and social life in
Kosova.
Those national
processes with a lot of influence extended their effects in
Albania, in Diaspora and in all Albanian territories. That
is why the Albanian historiography was in confrontation
to study objectively this national area, which in one way
marked the area of our nationwide awaking and was the
foundation of liberation and independence of
Kosova.
The
political disintegration of the former Yugoslavia, among
others, raised the necessity for resolving the problem
of
Kosova.
The historically right solution of the issue of
Kosova
took sharp dimensions in the second part of the
-293-
ISMET HAJRULLAHU
9O's,
when the majority of nations of the former Yugoslavia
got detached and created independent states. With the end
of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, under the political
jurisdiction of the Yugoslav Federation had remained two
of the six former republics, Montenegro and Serbia. While
Serbia was hiding behind the artificial creature (Serbia
and Montenegro) since
1989,
it held
Kosova
under an iron
regime of occupation which historically had occupied it in
1912.
After the independence of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and Macedonia the Yugoslavian case was
confronted with two alternatives: to end the process of
disintegration and to be considered as a resolved issue, i.e.
the torn territory to hang on to its old name Yugoslavia or
to ensure the right of other nations to self-determine their
future. As was stated earlier, the fate of political survival
of Yugoslavia was left to be decided by
Kosova,
at that time
conquered, enslaved, and ruled by Serbia, namely the union
Serbia-Montenegro.
With the emergence of the
KLA
a new stage in the
contemporary history of the Albanians began.
KLA
entered
the political life as a new factor which means that the
solution of
Kosova
required the use of military assets. The
press of that time rated and concluded that the armed
struggle of
KLA,
constituted an important segment of our
countries history, and it was the only political and military
- 294 -
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULLITXX
PËR KOSOVËN
national force that ensured the liberation of
Kosova
from
Serbian rule. Therefore under the leadership of the
KLA
the
liberation of
Kosova
and the Declaration of Independence
on
17.02.2008,
represented the second national victory,
after the victory in
1912,
i.e. after the establishment of the
Albanian state.
The war of
KLA
for the independence of
Kosova
passed through three stages. The first phase includes the
time frame march
1993-1998.
At this stage its war was
characterized by four main features: propaganda and
absolute dominance of peaceful resistance (Rugovian
Gandism, creation and organizational consolidation (as
an alternative), drafting and implementation of guerilla
warfare strategy and its treatment as an internal issue of
Serbia. The final result of this faze was the weakening of
the monopolistic positions of LDK, namely the weakening
and waning of political means for resolving the issue of
Kosova,
and the emergence of
KLA
as a factor of political
and military action in the
Kosova
crisis.
The second phase covers the period March
1998-
February
1999.
At this stage, in the struggle for
independence, five main features can be observed:
consolidation of the
KLA
organizational structures and the
creation of a military hierarchy, the transformation of a
guerilla warfare to an almost regular war, the failure of
-295»
ISMETHAJRULLAHU
the negotiation process and peaceful alternatives, which
culminated in the
Rambouillet
Conference, and the tragedy
of the great Albanian exodus and the internationalization
of the
Kosova
issue. Its final result was the transformation
of the
KLA
into a determining factor for the resolution of
the
Kosova
issue, the liberation of the Albanian people of
Kosova
from Serbian-Yugoslavian rule.
The third phase covers the time frame March
1999-June
1999.
This stage is distinguished by four main
features: the military alternative (the only option for
resolving the
Kosova
crisis), international commitment
to military intervention on Serbian targets in
Kosova,
NATO's bombing (likewise on the military, paramilitary
and Serbian police targets), and lastly Serbia's capitulation
and the demilitarization of the
KLA
and its return into an
active political subject. In this case its major result was the
declaration of the independence on
17.02.2008.
By analyzing the first phase, which also constitutes
the aim of this study, some conclusions can be reached:
From a political perspective the problem for solving
the
Kosova
crisis was mainly dominated by political means.
This solution was based on the unconditional talks between
the
KLA
and the passive resistance, whose origin and
leader was the President Ibrahim
Rugova.
This platform
fully dominated civic debate, which became inclusive. It
-296-
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULLITXX
PËR KOSOVËN
started to engage and to evolve many prominent figures
politics, journalism, culture, art,
academia,
university
etc. Despite of the diversity of opinions, the debate was
led by the pacifist spirit and the extreme disregard of the
use of force. The debate was held during the time when
the other nations of the former Yugoslavia accumulated
war experience from its dissolution. It seems that this
experience passed without any attention from almost all
the Albanian political factor.
Kosova'
s
official institutions,
especially senior leadership made the peaceful alternative
for resolving the issue of
Kosova
absolute. They exaggerated
the role of passive resistance, a reference imposed by the
international community.
Without underestimating the importance of this
alternative, we have to agree that the pacifist politics had
consequences. It did not justify, under any circumstances,
the use of force. However, in real life, with the passing
of time, the population felt the consequences of violence
even more. This reality and the pressure of the citizens'
opinion, posed the need for the use of military means for
self-defense.
The extreme use of passive resistance threatened to
lead to failing the war of resolving the national question.
Apparently, the Albanian political class initially did not
read well, if not to say it downplayed the bitter historical
-297-
ISMET HAJRULLAHU
experience of conflicting relationships (read hostile)
of Albanian and Serbian. That is also why the peaceful
resistance was destined to fail.
The existence of numerous obstacles can be
considered as the reason for the stagnating of the negotiation
process. The main obstacle was the initial disagreement
on the negotiating platform. The parties in dispute were
not even able to provide equality within the negotiating
talks, due to Serbia not recognizing the legitimacy of
Kosovo's representative bodies. They refused even to have
a moderating party, with the pretext that the Kosovo crisis
was its internal issue. In addition, the conflicting parties
shared diametrically opposing views on the resolution of
the Kosovo issue.
The imposed coexistence between Albanians and
Serbs had embedded a deep ethnic hatred, so that for
the Albanians it had transformed itself into an ethno-
psychological consciousness. It was Serbia, and all the
Serbian governments without any exception, starting from
the time of Prime Minister, Nicholas
Pašie,
that in their
plans had as an objective the ethnic cleansing of
Kosova
from the Albanian native element, and which, in historical
continuity exercised unprecedented violence against the
Albanian people. Hence, the people of
Kosova
did not agree
at any stage of history, with the submission to the Serbian
-298-
LUFTA
E FUNDSHEKULÜTXX PËR KOSOVËN
occupation. At all times of the war history with Serbia,
Kosova
fought for freedom, independence, and national
unification.
Under the circumstances when the bilateral
compromise for a peaceful solution of the Kosovo issue was
completely impossible, the need for the use of military assets
was raised by itself. In this case, the noble mission of the
organization of the armed struggle was taken specifically
by the
KLA.
For this reason, from a military point of view,
this stage is related to the emergence and organizational
consolidation of the
KLA.
According to many scholars on the history of the
Kosovo Liberation Army, among which we distinguish Dr.
Jakup Krasniqi, former
KLA
spokesman and one of the
founders of the
KLA,
it appears that the initial core for its
birth were the former military units that operated under
the clandestine movement. The most important among
them was the military formation of
Adem Jashari,
which
served as a nucleus for the establishment and then for the
constructing of
KLA
with national military standards.
In the strategy of military art of the
KLA
founding
phase, dominated the tactic of ambushes and assassinations.
By the end of
1997
it passed into organizing continuous and
frequent guerrilla operations. The aim of the new combat
tactics was to create panic, anxiety, uncertainty and dread
-299-
ISMET HAJRULLAHU
enemy forces, foster fear and uncertainty about their
future. The
KLA
guerrilla war had as a target the stations
and barracks of the Serbian Special Forces, their particular
elements, the collaborators of the regime etc.
In the propaganda war against the
KLA,
the Serb
occupation regime articulated a rampant language with
anti-Albanian heavy charges. It described KLA's units, in
military terms, as well as in political terms, as terrorist
groups that were and separatist, fundamentalist, etc.
Meanwhile, in its plans for the physical destruction of the
KLA
soldiers, the Serb conqueror escalated its violence and
terror against the
KLA.
In March
1998
the Serbian state violence against the
people of
Kosova
marked the peak regarding its police and
military aggression against Drenica, historically known as
key area of resistance and Albanian uprisings against the
invading Serbs and Montenegrins. During the aggression
on the heroic population of Drenica, the Serbs killed and
massacred more than
100
innocent Albanian civilians,
children, women and elderly. During the fighting, in the line
of duty, fell the
KLA
commander
Adem Jashari,
along with
20
members of his family. Many media experts compared
the Drenica massacre, namely the heroic resistance of the
Jashari family, with the massacre of Srebrenica, not because
of its dimension, but because of the original crimes of
-300-
LUFTA
E
FUNDSHEKULLITXX
PËR KOSOVËN
family genocide.
The public disclosure of the identity of the
KLA
on
28
November
1997,
originally, created confusion
within and outside Kosovo. It had to confront itself with
all sorts of accusations and slander, and consequently an
almost hostile atmosphere was created against it. The
KLA
war predicted almost all relevant political and social
development of
Kosova.
Among them stood high the LDK
leadership, especially its president, Ibrahim
Rugova,
and
nor the official Tirana did not express any visible or positive
willingness for its activity.
The denial of the existence of the role of the
KLA
and that of the war alternative, by the Albanian political
factor continued even when inside it was integrated the
Parliamentary Party of, Kosovo, which was led by
Adem
DemaçL
With this act! the
KLA
was transformed into a
military and political double nature organism.
The same ungrateful attitude towards the
KLA,
at that
stage, had also the international community. Whereas the
duty to monitor the Kosovo crisis was take by the Contact
Group. This institution functioned as a Euro-Atlantic task
force, since the war in Bosnia, but showed no significant
skills in resolving the Kosovo issue, inabilities stemming
from the conflict of interest between the member states in
the Contact Group. Consequently, the activity of the Contact
-301 -
ISMET HAJRULLAHU
Group consisted simply in giving recommendations and
awaiting eventual steps from Serbia. The Leadership of the
Kosovo Liberation Army, which had initiated the liberation
of
Kosova
from the Serbian-Yugoslav rule, knew that the
liberation of the Albanian people of Kosovo will only come
through an armed struggle, a nationwide rebellion and
never with political statements or passive resistance.
- 302 - |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hajrullahu, Ismet 1964- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1058664786 (DE-588)101791835X |
| author_facet | Hajrullahu, Ismet 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hajrullahu, Ismet 1964- |
| author_variant | i h ih |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042089795 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)890933911 (DE-599)BVBBV042089795 |
| era | Geschichte 1990-1999 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-1999 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Kosovo (Republic) / independence movements Kosovo (Republic) / History Kosovo (Republic) / Foreign relations Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kosovo (Republic) / independence movements Kosovo (Republic) / History Kosovo (Republic) / Foreign relations Kosovo |
| id | DE-604.BV042089795 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-04T11:01:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789951512459 9951512453 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027530683 |
| oclc_num | 890933911 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 383 pages illustrations (black and white) 20 cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Shtëpia Botuese "Ura" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hajrullahu, Ismet 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1058664786 aut Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën Ismet Hajrullahu. [Red.: Agim Zogaj] Prishtinë Shtëpia Botuese "Ura" 2012 383 pages illustrations (black and white) 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (pages 353-358) and index United Nations / Balkan Peninsula North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Balkan Peninsula NATO Vereinte Nationen Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (DE-588)4549901-9 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1990-1999 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo War, 1998-1999 / Diplomatic history Conflict management / Balkan Peninsula Außenpolitik Geschichte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (DE-588)4121814-0 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo-Krieg (DE-588)4547508-8 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (Republic) / independence movements Kosovo (Republic) / History Kosovo (Republic) / Foreign relations Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo-Krieg (DE-588)4547508-8 s Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (DE-588)4549901-9 b DE-604 Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (DE-588)4121814-0 s Geschichte 1990-1999 z Zogaj, Agim 1954- Sonstige (DE-588)101791835X oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027530683&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027530683&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Hajrullahu, Ismet 1964- Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën United Nations / Balkan Peninsula North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Balkan Peninsula NATO Vereinte Nationen Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (DE-588)4549901-9 gnd Kosovo War, 1998-1999 / Diplomatic history Conflict management / Balkan Peninsula Außenpolitik Geschichte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (DE-588)4121814-0 gnd Kosovo-Krieg (DE-588)4547508-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4549901-9 (DE-588)4121814-0 (DE-588)4547508-8 (DE-588)4032571-4 |
| title | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën |
| title_auth | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën |
| title_exact_search | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën |
| title_full | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën Ismet Hajrullahu. [Red.: Agim Zogaj] |
| title_fullStr | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën Ismet Hajrullahu. [Red.: Agim Zogaj] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën Ismet Hajrullahu. [Red.: Agim Zogaj] |
| title_short | Lufta e fundshekullit XX për Kosovën |
| title_sort | lufta e fundshekullit xx per kosoven |
| topic | United Nations / Balkan Peninsula North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Balkan Peninsula NATO Vereinte Nationen Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (DE-588)4549901-9 gnd Kosovo War, 1998-1999 / Diplomatic history Conflict management / Balkan Peninsula Außenpolitik Geschichte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (DE-588)4121814-0 gnd Kosovo-Krieg (DE-588)4547508-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | United Nations / Balkan Peninsula North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Balkan Peninsula NATO Vereinte Nationen Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës Kosovo War, 1998-1999 / Diplomatic history Conflict management / Balkan Peninsula Außenpolitik Geschichte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung Kosovo-Krieg Kosovo (Republic) / independence movements Kosovo (Republic) / History Kosovo (Republic) / Foreign relations Kosovo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027530683&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027530683&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hajrullahuismet luftaefundshekullitxxperkosoven AT zogajagim luftaefundshekullitxxperkosoven |