Geoengineering of the climate system:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Royal Society of Chemistry
2014
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Issues in environmental science and technology
38 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 252 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781849739535 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Geoengineering of the climate system
Autor: Hester, Ronald E
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Editors xv
List of Contributors xvii
Why do we need Solutions to Global Warming? 1
John E. Thom.es and Francis D. Pope
1 Introduction - Life and the Evolution of the Earth s Atmosphere 2
2 The Atmosphere - The Most Valuable Resource on the Planet 3
3 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 6
4 What is Geoengineering? 12
4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Are there Parallels to Climate Change and Geoengineering? 15
4.3 Scientific Respectability of Geoengineering 16
4.4 The Arguments for and against Geoengineering Research 17
5 Summary and Conclusions 20
References 20
Storing Carbon for Geologically Long Timescales to Engineer
Climate 22
R. Stuart Haszeldine and Vivian Scott
1 Why is Carbon Storage Necessary? 23
2 The Approach and Controlling Factors 24
3 Methods of Reduced Emission Rates 26
4 Principles of Carbon Dioxide Removal (Negative Emissions
Technologies) 27
5 Life-cycle Assessments 27
6 Biomass Availability and Sustainability 28
7 Carbon Dioxide Storage Availability 28
X
Contents
8 Summary of Carbon Storage Methods 32
8.1 Increased Terrestrial Biomass: Afforestation 32
8.2 Increased Soil Biomass: Biochar 33
8.3 Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) 34
8.4 Biomass Burial, Carbon Dioxide Use and Algal Carbon
Dioxide Capture 35
8.5 Direct Air Capture 36
8.6 Silicate Weathering 38
8.7 Chemical Feedstock 39
8.8 Carbon Dioxide for Enhanced Oil Recovery (C02-E0R) 39
8.9 Deep Sea Sediments 40
9 Discussion 41
10 Conclusions 45
Acknowledgements 46
References 46
The Global Potential for Carbon Dioxide Removal 52
Timothy M. Lenton
1 Introduction 53
2 Plant-based CDR 56
2.1 Resource Supplies 56
2.2 Afforestation and Reforestation 57
2.3 Bioenergy Crop Supplies 58
2.4 Additional Biomass Supplies 59
2.5 Conversion Routes and Efficiencies 59
2.6 Combined CDR Potential 60
3 Algal-based CDR 62
3.1 Resource Supplies 63
3.2 Algal BECCS 63
3.3 Ocean Fertilisation 64
3.4 Combined CDR Potential 67
4 Alkalinity-based CDR 68
4.1 Enhanced Weathering - Land 68
4.2 Enhanced Weathering - Ocean 69
4.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC) 69
4.4 Combined CDR Potential 70
5 Overall CDR Flux Potential 71
6 Discussion 72
References 74
The Use of Artificial Trees 80
Klaus S. Lackner
1 Introduction
80
Contents xi
2 Air Capture as an Engineering and Policy
Challenge 82
3 An Example of an Air Capture Technology 83
4 Cost Issues 88
5 What Price can Air Capture Technology
Deliver? 89
6 The Usefulness of Air Capture Technology 92
6.1 Carbon Capture from Air and Storage 92
6.2 Fugitive Emissions 93
6.3 Risk Management to Oil Resource Holders 94
6.4 Managing the Risks of Global Warming 94
6.5 Air Capture as a Tool for Geoengineering 95
6.6 Closing the Non-fossil Carbon Cycle 95
7 Discussion and Conclusion 97
Acknowledgements 101
References 101
Cooling the Earth with Crops 105
Taraka Davies-Barnard
1 Introduction 105
2 Mechanisms 106
2.1 Biogeophysical Mechanisms 107
2.1.1 Albedo 107
2.1.2 Evapotranspiration 108
2.1.3 Emissivity 108
2.1.4 The Aerodynamic Roughness 108
3 Geographical Differences 109
3.1 Tropics 109
3.2 Temperate and Boreal 110
4 Historical Land Cover Change 111
5 Future Land Cover Change 113
6 Increased Crop Albedo 115
6.1 Albedo Values of Crops 115
6.2 Determinants of Albedo 116
6.3 Leaf Level Albedo 116
6.4 Canopy Level Albedo 118
7 Simulations with Climate Models 120
7.1 Crops in Climate Models 120
7.2 Climate Impacts 122
8 Yields 122
9 Other Crop Cooling Potential 124
9.1 Soil Carbon Sequestration 124
9.2 Biofuels 124
xi i
Contents
10 Priorities for Future Work 125
11 Conclusions 125
References 126
Engineering Ideas for Brighter Clouds 131
Stephen H. Salter, Thomas Stevenson and. Andreas Tsiamis
1 Introduction 132
2 A Reminder of the Physics 132
3 The Main Engineering Problems 134
3.1 Spray Generation 134
4 The Wafer 138
5 Filtration 140
6 Vessel Design 143
7 Justification of the Trimaran Configuration 146
8 Digital Hydraulics 151
9 The Mathematics 154
10 Costs 156
11 Conclusions 159
Acknowledgements 159
References 160
Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering 162
Alan Robock
1 Introduction 163
2 How to Create a Stratospheric Cloud 164
2.1 Why the Stratosphere? 164
2.2 Means of Stratospheric Injection 165
2.3 Creating an Effective Sulfuric Acid Cloud 167
3 Climate Impacts of Stratospheric Geoengineering 168
3.1 Climate Models 168
3.2 Scenarios of Geoengineering 169
3.3 Global and Regional Temperature Impacts 171
3.4 Global and Regional Precipitation and Monsoon
Impacts 173
3.5 Impacts of Enhanced Diffuse Radiation 176
4 Ethics and Governance of Stratospheric Geoengineering 177
4.1 Ethics and Governance of Research 177
4.2 Ethics and Governance of Deployment 179
5 Benefits and Risks of Stratospheric Geoengineering 180
Acknowledgments 182
References 182
Contents
xiii
Space-Based Geoengineering Solutions 186
Colin R. Mclnnes, Russell Bewick and Joan Pau Sanchez
1 Introduction 186
2 Space-based Geoengineering 187
3 Lagrange Point Occulting Disks 190
3.1 Occulting Solar Disks 190
3.2 Occulter Orbit 190
3.3 Occulter Sizing 192
4 Lagrange Point Dust Cloud 195
4.1 Dissipating Dust Cloud 195
4.1.1 Solar Radiation Pressure 197
4.1.2 Dust Cloud Attenuation 198
4.1.3 Insolation Reduction 199
4.2 Anchored Dust Cloud 200
4.2.1 Four-body Problem 200
4.2.2 Zero Velocity Curve 201
4.2.3 Effect on Solar Insolation 203
5 Optimal Configuration for Lagrange Point Occulting
Disks 204
5.1 GREB Climate Models 204
5.2 Out-of-plane Occulter 206
5.3 Optimal Orbiting Disk 208
6 Conclusions 210
References 210
Solar Radiation Management and the Governance of Hubris 212
Richard Owen
1 Introduction: Hubris, Piety and the Limits of Human
Governance 213
2 SRM as Political Artefact 219
3 SRM Research and Attempts to Legitimate it as an Object of
Governance 221
3.1 The Royal Society 2009 Report 221
3.2 Development of Normative Principles for Governing SRM
Research 225
3.3 The Solar Radiation Management Governance Initiative
(SRMGI) 228
3.4 Thresholds and Differentiated Governance 229
4 From Saying to Doing: Governing SRM Research within a
Framework for Responsible Innovation 231
5 A Social Licence to Operate? 236
5.1 Conditionality and Implausibility 238
xiv Contents
6 Conclusions: Governing a New End of History? 239
Appendix 242
Acknowledgments 243
References 243
Subject Index
249
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| spelling | Geoengineering of the climate system Eds.: R. E. Hester ... Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 XVIII, 252 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Issues in environmental science and technology 38 Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Geoengineering (DE-588)7714853-8 gnd rswk-swf Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s Geoengineering (DE-588)7714853-8 s DE-604 Hester, Ronald E. 1936- (DE-588)128925892 edt Issues in environmental science and technology 38 (DE-604)BV009891717 38 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027509639&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)7714853-8 |
| title | Geoengineering of the climate system |
| title_auth | Geoengineering of the climate system |
| title_exact_search | Geoengineering of the climate system |
| title_full | Geoengineering of the climate system Eds.: R. E. Hester ... |
| title_fullStr | Geoengineering of the climate system Eds.: R. E. Hester ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geoengineering of the climate system Eds.: R. E. Hester ... |
| title_short | Geoengineering of the climate system |
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