Bleiburg i križni put 1945.: historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zagreb
Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica
3, Monografije i studije ; 47 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 486 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789536324798 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SADRŽAJ
1.
PREDGOVOR
............................................................................................... 7
2.
UVOD
............................................................................................................ 9
3.
PREGLED VAŽNIJIH HISTORIOGRAFSKIH,
PUBLICISTIČKIH I MEMOARSKIH DJELA
О
BLEIBURGU I KRIŽNOM PUTU
............................................................... 13
4.
POVLAČENJE ORUŽANIH SNAGA NDHI CIVILA U
SVIBNJU
1945.............................................................................................. 27
5.
PREGOVORI NA BLEIBURGU
14.
1
15.
SVIBNJA
1945......................... 97
6.
IZRUČENJE ORUŽANIH SNAGA NDH I CIVILA U
SVIBNJU
1945.............................................................................................. 115
7.
KRIŽNI PUT
.................................................................................................. 203
8.
BROJ STRADALIH NA BLEIBURGU I KRIŽNOM PUTU
..................... 317
9.
BLEIBURG I KRIŽNI PUT U KNJIŽEVNOSTI, DRAMI,
FILMU I LIKOVNOJ UMJETNOSTI
.......................................................... 335
10.
BLEIBURG I KRIŽNI PUT U HRVATSKIM
UDŽBENICIMA POVIJESTI
....................................................................... 355
11.
ZAKLJUČAK
................................................................................................ 373
12.
PRILOZI
......................................................................................................... 379
13.
LITERATURA
............................................................................................... 401
14.
SUMMARY
................................................................................................... 457
15.
KAZALO IMENA
......................................................................................... 463
16.
KAZALO MJESTA
........................................................................................ 479
17.
BILJEŠKA
О
AUTORICI
.............................................................................. 487
SUMMARY
In the second half of
1944,
overall political and warfare circumstances were mar¬
ked by a general advancement of Allied Forces. Positions at German borderlines in
Belgium and France, and being within the reach of River
Po in
Italy, have largely
clarified the conditions on the Western Front; while the Red Army advancing throu¬
gh Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
has secured the Eastern Front. During April
1945,
Allies were progressing at a rising
pace; on April
13
Allied Forces crossed Elba River and at the same time Soviet troops
entered Vienna. The siege of Berlin was completed on May
2
Allies moving forward
was followed by the reorganization of National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia {Na-
rodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije, NOVJ);
in early
1945
it changed its name to
Yugoslav Army
{Jugoslavenska armija,
JA)
and its four armies (I, II, III, IV) were
prepared for final operations in the Yugoslav area. In parallel, the crash of the German
battlefield in Greece compelled a Group of armies
E
to retreat across the Balkans (and
Independent State of Croatia, abbrev NDH
-Nezavisna država Hrvatska)
towards the
west. Retreating along with Third Reich troops, were Armed Forces
{Oružane snage,
OS) followed by a large number of civilians. Most people were leaving their homes
out of fear which was spread with the entry of partisan units into liberated regions.
NDH territory kept shrinking, and the last planned line of defense, aka
Zvonimir
s
line
{Zvonimirova linija
—
Postav Zvonimir),
was organized down route
Karlovac -
Ivanić Grad
-
Koprivnica.
In view of the overall condition, in early May, the end of
World War II was only a matter of day. Besides, future influences and allocation of
forces, left unresolved through military actions, were mostly determined at meetings
of Allies officials (Moscow Conference, October
19-30,1943,
Teheran Conference in
December
1943,
Conference at Jalta/Krim in February
1945).
Believing in the existence of a secret weapon and holding the so-called
Zvonimir
s
line has linked NDH government to its ally, Third Reich, until the very
end. All earlier attempts of NDH representatives, which at the conclusion of the war
were supposed to establish contact with Western Allies
( Lorković-Vokić
coup , ne¬
gotiation with Archbishop Alojzije Stepinac and
Vladko Maček)
had failed. On May
2,
the commander of European South-East, Alexander
Löhr,
informed
Poglavnik
(lite¬
ral translation: Headman) that there was no possibility to defend Zagreb and that Ger¬
man units were retreating towards Slovenia, after which NDH government decided to
send a Memorandum to Western Allies. But, this effort was unsuccessful as well; the
government decision came too late and had no significance whatsoever.
458 Martina Grahek
Ravančić: BLEIBURG I KRIZNI
PUT
1945.
After on May
4,
General
Löhr
informed the OS command headquarters that Third
Reich forces were retreating, NDH government, with
Pavelić
present, has on May
5
brought a decision on retreat of military forces and civilians towards the west, where
Western Allies, as it was expected, would provide them protection
-
until the new
awaited conflict between Western and Eastern Allies. This decision determined the
political ending of NDH and its government. It remains an open issue whether conti¬
nuation of struggle and resistance would have changed the Allies attitude towards the
destiny of NDH. However, it seems unlikely that anything would have changed since
the Allies did not acknowledge NDH, member of Axis Powers, so they could not deal
with its fate. In the end, it was seen that the entire retreat of a huge number of people,
arms and equipment was done without proper military and political preparations.
NDH government, high state officials, church dignitaries and representatives of
cultural life left Zagreb on May
6,
while most of the refugees left only on the following
day. Zagreb
-
Celje - Bleiburg
was the main direction of movement. Retreat towards
Celje
was actualized in several directions (Zagreb
-
Novi Dvori
-
Rogatec
-
Celje;
Samobor
-
Zidani
Most
-
Celje; Varaždin
-
Ivanec
-
Krapina
-
Rogatec
-
Celje).
From that point, people were commanded in two directions: towards Slovenj
gradee
and Dravograd, and towards
Maribor.
By crossing the Slovenia-Austria border, part
of the columns arrived to
Bleiburg. Poglavnik
and his men started a journey through
Novi Dvori, Rogaška Slatina and Maribor
towards
Klagenfurt
and further on towards
the American occupational zone, leaving the anyhow unprepared army without mili¬
tary leadership.
In the retreat of Third Reich units, together with OS members, there were also
some Slovenian home guards, Chetniks from Serbia and Monte Negro, as well as Ko-
zaks. It is difficult to establish the exact number of soldiers and civilians in this retreat
since Yugoslav historiography mostly kept quiet about it, while authors in emigration
often exaggerated in their estimations. The latest researches suggest that the size of
NDH s OS in early
1945
was probably
100.000
soldiers. According to some numeric
indicators, the column possibly consisted of
60.000
civilians, which brings us to a
total number of approximately
160.000
persons.
The retreat was more difficult because of a lot of cast away weaponry and military
equipment, as well by the capitulation signed by Third Reich army in front of partisans
on May
9.
This capitulation did not encompass NDH forces, as it is often stated in Yu¬
goslav historiography, since the day before Alexander
Löhr
returned high command of
NDH forces into the hands of Ante
Pavelić.
After this, there were negotiations in
Celje
regarding free passage for the column which lost its link to the main command. From
here, part of the columns started moving towards
Maribor,
where they were stopped
by Third Army. Most of the column that was moving through Slovenjgradec arrived to
Dravograd on May
11.
On this day and the next there were unsuccessful negotiations
with the representatives of Bulgaria and partisans, who controlled the town and brid¬
ges over the river. After Dravograd bridges were blocked, on May
13,
51st
Vojvodina
MaktinaGrahekRavančic:
BLEIBURG I KRIZNI
PUT
1945. 459
division issued an ultimatum for capitulation. After the surrender deadline had passed,
armed conflict ensued (May
13
and
14);
OS units managed to take over the bridges for
a short time, and a part of the columns were on their way through
Guštanje, Prevalje
and
Poljana
towards
Bleiburg.
A large share of the refugees did not manage to break
through the strengthening circle of
JA
units, and had so been taken prisoner already in
the area of Slovenj
gradee
-
Dravograd
- Poljana.
Having arrived to
Bleiburg
field, negotiations followed on May
14
and
15;
parti¬
cipating in the negotiations were British, Yugoslav and NDH representatives. Details
about negotiations are available chiefly from testimonies of five participants (Patrick
T. D. Scott,
Danijel Crljen, Ivan Herenčić,
Milan
Basta
and Ivan
Kovačić Efenka).
These memories provide us with a large number
ofinformation
and give us an image
of the general situation, but are often just as colored with emotions and as such are
quite unreliable in the sense of establishing exact facts. Did Croats surrender to the
British or to the Yugoslav partisans; this is a question of interpretation of a three-sided
act and its effect on the negotiations in the
Bleiburg
castle Thurn-Valsassina, on May
15, 1945.
Namely, Croats offered to surrender to the British who declined and tran¬
sferred it to the partisans; these in turn accepted the British decision to have Croats
lay down weapons in front of them. Later, the participants of
Bleiburg
negotiations
interpreted this event each in their own way. The British general continuously kept
referring to instructions of the high command, although it is evident that he had to
find the solution on his own. On the other hand, NDH representatives define nowhere
that the surrender of refugees who were at
Bleiburg
had, evidently, already been dec¬
lined on May
14.
British Army and Yugoslav partisans were allies, therefore the said
decision is not overly surprising. Apart for this, when determining the conditions of
capitulation, it was said that all the provisions of international law regarding prisoners
of war would be respected.
British decision on extradition of a large number of refugees was principally con¬
ditioned by the political agreement reached at
Jalta,
whereby all prisoners belonging
to enemy groups, supportive of Third Reich, had to be extradited to the country which
they officially were at war with. However, it should be mentioned that these provisi¬
ons referred to Soviet people who, in line with the agreement, were to be extradited to
Red Army (apart for the white , i. e. czarist immigrants). Members of NDH forces,
as well as the other Yugoslav citizens were not mentioned in this agreement. Acco¬
mmodation, food and supplies for a large wave of refugees who were moving towar¬
ds
Koruška
represented an additional problem in view of the anyhow tense situation
caused by approach of Tito s forces to Trieste,
Venezia - Giulia
and parts of
Koruška.
With such tensions among the allies, who at one point were prepared to continue
military operations and enter into further conflicts, British Army did not see the arrival
of a large wave of refugees as a relief.
The matter of responsibility remains very much current till present day; some of
the research (for instance, that of Nikolai Tolstoy) have prompted new findings and
460 Martina Grahek
Ravančić: BLEIBURG I KRIZNI
PUT
1945.
opened new questions. Actual names are mentioned for the first time, although some
of the conclusions appear pretty slim . The so called Cowgill s Report appears
in reaction; for the first time it presents the earlier unknown documents from British
archives; it tries to defend the reputation of British Army, and there is an attempt to
bring responsibility, which does exist, down to the lowest possible command level
(Charles Keightley, Patrick T. D. Scott). It tries to prevent opening any further official
investigation, considering that every action had been explained as a necessity in the
given circumstances. But, it is almost impossible to imagine that the highest military
and diplomatic personnel (Field Marshal Harold Alexander) did not take part in the
making of such important decisions.
Before the negotiations, a part of the refugees managed to break through to the
Austrian territory; after this they ended up in different Allies military camps (Vik-
tring,
Tamsweg, Krumpendorf, Grafenstein et
alii.). From here, British Army extradi¬
ted them to
JA.
Although, according to the regulations of the humanitarian law, for¬
cible repatriations do exist, these can only be performed with a guarantee of humane
treatment in the destination country. This is especially significant if one takes into
account that many civilians were part of this extradition. Awareness that extradition
was necessary was incited by the fact that there were war criminals in the column too,
and Allies governments took a firm position regarding their punishment. Besides,
having obtained the confirmation that prisoners would be treated right, the British did
not bring carrying out the decision into question. This was an unpleasant, but justified
politics. In order to find out complete answers, we miss documents from British arc¬
hives; their most classified documentation, of military and intelligence nature, is kept
under embargo for
75
years.
According to allegations, a smaller part of refugees was killed already on the
Ble¬
iburg
Field, while most started the long trip back to Yugoslavia in four-line columns
(some of them made it all the way to the Romanian border); today this is known as the
Way of the Cross or Death Marches. Many prisoners were liquidated along the whole
way (especially through Slovenia). A total number of victims is hard to establish, since
the exact number of people retreating is unknown. A part of them was killed in armed
conflicts during the retreat, and the question remains of how many people actually
made it to
Bleiburg.
Although there is a lot of written material dealing with the number
of victims, a large portion of it is based on personal estimations and improvised cal¬
culations, so there is even a mention of a million losses. So far, the most integral data
was presented by Vladimir
Žerjavić,
who according to research concluded that about
50.000
people were killed; to this number he added
10.000
Serbs and Slovenians,
and another
10.000
that was extradited from Viktring camp. An overall estimation of
70.000
persons continues to be the only relevant one, but one has to emphasize that
some new findings (such as those of Slovenian historiography) could indicate that this
number could be higher, but not in the extent as it is frequently presented in public.
However, we are left with the fact that a systematic analysis, from a political and
Martina Grahek
Ravancić: BLEIBURG
I
KRIŽNI
PUT
1945. 461
humane point of view, of these important issues is still lacking. Still, it seems that, as
time goes by, actual numbers will be ever more difficult to establish.
It s a fact that all war conflicts are accompanied by imprisonment and retaliation,
since it appears that peace doesn t come straight away, it takes time. To be a winner
after a four year war meant to enjoy certain privileges, but there were some obligations
as well
-
the issue of responsibility for the committed crimes. Even though now it is
often stressed that today s valid legal standards {nullum
crimen
sine
lege,
nulla
poene
sine
lege)
cannot be applied to the whole problem, it has to be emphasized that in the
existing conditions the provisions of the Hague Convention ( Concerning the law and
customs of war on land ) from
1899
and
1907
had been disregarded, the same was
true about the provisions of the Geneva Convention ( Amelioration of the condition
of the wounded and the sick in armed forces in the field ) from
1929.
Both Yugosla¬
via and NDH were signatories of these conventions. As per the cited provisions, as
an international legal act, status and treatment was established for prisoners of war
(soldiers and officers of captured army, members of voluntary and police units, and
civilians, even the ones participating in the war conflict in an unorganized way, as well
as people who were not fighting, but were within the defeated military forces).
A vast number of testimonies left by the participants of the ways of cross, altho¬
ugh accompanied by personal experience of the time, confirm exactly the opposite
events. It turns out that Yugoslav forces had broken Art
2, 7, 10, 11, 18, 19
and
46
of
the Geneva Convention. In the immediate post-war days the winning position clear¬
ly meant an uncompromising settlement of accounts with persons of opinion different
to that of the new regime. The intensity of the event itself and its duration far surpasses
individual cases outlawed from the general command.
As previously stated, a few words have to be dedicated to responsibility for the
May events. Moving in a chronological order, there is a question of responsibility of
NDH leadership. It surely is of large significance, but primarily of historical and mo¬
ral nature, given that through its decisions, and in the end with the implementation of
these decisions, it has proven to be completely lost and unprepared. On the other hand,
British responsibility (British, not Allies, since in this case USA has openly protested
several times) was both moral and legal. To extradite prisoners, when being almost
sure that irrespectively of public statements they wouldn t be protected by the provisi¬
ons of the humanitarian law, is a clear breach of the Geneva Convention, namely Art
2, 7
and
18
thereof. Besides, representing the British as mediators in negotiations is
also unfounded since Britain did not hold a neutral position in war, quite the opposite,
it was an active participant. And, in the end, the largest responsibility is that of the
Yugoslav forces. This responsibility is of legal and moral character, individual and
responsibility in line of command, from the top state leadership to the units on the
field. An overview according to lines of command can be shown as follows: Milan
Basta
-
Kosta
Nad
- JA
Headquarters
-
Josip Broz Tito; Dušan Ostojić
Osman
-
Peko
Dapčević
-
JA
Headquarters
-
Josip Broz
Tito and Simo
Dubajić
-
Aleksandar Ran-
462 Martina Grahek
Ravančić: BLEIBURG I KRIZNI
PUT
1945.
ković
-
Josip Broz Tito.
If,
at this point, we add that war crime (as the gravest type of
criminal activity and violation of international law) does not age and should not be left
unpunished, regardless if the perpetrators were on the winning or on the losing side,
we believe we have said enough
-
perhaps we ve even said everything.
It is difficult to systematically establish all the events and make some new, more
reliable conclusions, considering that key documents are missing and they would en¬
able us to reconstruct this past reality. This precisely is the reason why, whenever the
Bleiburg
tragedy is mentioned, there are numerous interpretations and manipulations
-
used for ideological and national purposes. Even though there are numerous pub¬
lications on
Bleiburg
and the Way of the Cross, the same doubts linger on. There are
many criticisms against university departments and institutes which, allegedly, are
not investigating this problem well enough, but it appears to me that in this case there
is a declarative good will and many good intentions (the road to hell is paved with
good intentions), but the last step is missing. Final answers, as if nobody truly needs
them
-
what else would be the topics of discussions every April and May? Believe it
or not, the answers are not that far away. By taking a short look on the results of the
Slovenian Government Committee, we will understand how much we are falling be¬
hind. Therefore, historiography is left with many more open questions and problems,
all waiting to be scientifically analyzed. New findings will maybe prevent the ghosts
of the past to impact present life to such an extent, and even more importantly, dis¬
able today s daily politics in reaching for the past. More important than politics and
numbers is our civilization debt to all the victims. It is important to know and be able
to deal with your own past. The recently
(2007)
signed agreement on places of burial
from the war and post-war period, signed between the Croatian and Slovenian gov¬
ernment, which among other things regulates the issue of mass grave sites of Croats
killed in Slovenia, will perhaps finally return the dignity and the right to the last resting
place to all the victims laying in different storage facilities of Slovenia. If the human
life was not worth much in May
1945,
now after
60
years we have the commitment to
show otherwise.
English translation by:
Romina
Prvonožec
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Grahek Ravančić, Martina 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1055934251 |
| author_facet | Grahek Ravančić, Martina 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Grahek Ravančić, Martina 1978- |
| author_variant | r m g rm rmg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042036572 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)846015989 (DE-599)GBV635913151 |
| era | Geschichte 1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bleiburg (DE-588)4314301-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bleiburg |
| id | DE-604.BV042036572 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:11:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789536324798 |
| language | Croatian |
| lccn | 2013468694 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027477931 |
| oclc_num | 846015989 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 486 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica |
| series2 | Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica : 3, Monografije i studije |
| spelling | Grahek Ravančić, Martina 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1055934251 aut Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura Martina Grahek Ravančić Zagreb Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest 2009 486 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica : 3, Monografije i studije 47 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1945 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Todesmarsch (DE-588)4576551-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Zwangsrepatriierung (DE-588)4467329-2 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Kroatischer Kriegsgefangener (DE-588)4415660-1 gnd rswk-swf Bleiburg (DE-588)4314301-5 gnd rswk-swf Bleiburg (DE-588)4314301-5 g Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 s Zwangsrepatriierung (DE-588)4467329-2 s Todesmarsch (DE-588)4576551-0 s Kroatischer Kriegsgefangener (DE-588)4415660-1 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Geschichte 1945 z DE-604 Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica 3, Monografije i studije ; 47 (DE-604)BV010859037 47 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027477931&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027477931&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Grahek Ravančić, Martina 1978- Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Todesmarsch (DE-588)4576551-0 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Zwangsrepatriierung (DE-588)4467329-2 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd Kroatischer Kriegsgefangener (DE-588)4415660-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114316-4 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4576551-0 (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4467329-2 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4415660-1 (DE-588)4314301-5 |
| title | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura |
| title_auth | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura |
| title_exact_search | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura |
| title_full | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura Martina Grahek Ravančić |
| title_fullStr | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura Martina Grahek Ravančić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura Martina Grahek Ravančić |
| title_short | Bleiburg i križni put 1945. |
| title_sort | bleiburg i krizni put 1945 historiografija publicistika i memoarska literatura |
| title_sub | historiografija, publicistika i memoarska literatura |
| topic | Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Todesmarsch (DE-588)4576551-0 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Zwangsrepatriierung (DE-588)4467329-2 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd Kroatischer Kriegsgefangener (DE-588)4415660-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegsende Kollektives Gedächtnis Todesmarsch Geschichtsschreibung Zwangsrepatriierung Zweiter Weltkrieg Kroatischer Kriegsgefangener Bleiburg |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027477931&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027477931&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010859037 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grahekravancicmartina bleiburgikrizniput1945historiografijapublicistikaimemoarskaliteratura |