A history of modern immunology: the path toward understanding
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Acad. Press
2014
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 340 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780124169746 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A history of modern immunology |b the path toward understanding |c Zoltán A. Nagy |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152447774490624 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: A history of modern immunology
Autor: Nagy, Zoltán
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Introductory Words About Science, Scientists, and Immunology xiii
Part I
Pre history with Far-reaching Consequences 1
1. The Immunological Revolution 3
1.1. The Clonal Selection Theory 4
1.2. The Birth of B and T Lymphocytes 7
1.3. T-B Cell Collaboration 9
1.4. The Structure of Immunoglobulins 10
1.5. Allergy: From Disease Symptoms to IgE 12
References 14
Part II
The History 17
2. A Very Special Location: The Basel Institute
for Immunology 19
Reference 24
3. Immunological Specificity 25
References 30
4. Monoclonal Antibodies: The Final Proof
for Clonal Selection 33
4.1. Discovery 33
4.2. Immunology Goes Business 34
4.3. The Technology Avalanche: Antibody Engineering 37
References 39
5. The First Victory of Molecular Biology:
Mechanisms of the Generation of Antibody Diversity 41
5.1. Theoretical Treatment of the Problem 41
5.2. The Experimental Solution 43
vii
GüD
Contents
5.3. What did we Learn from the Mechanisms of GOD? 45
5.4. A Baroque Embellishment of Antibody Diversity: The Idiotype
Network 48
References 53
6. The Major Histocompatibility Complex 55
6.1. MHC Class I 55
6.1.1. Discovery 55
6.1.2. Class I MHC Molecules 58
6.1.3. Class I MHC-Associated Traits and Their Relationship 60
6.1.4. Participants of MHC Research in the Classic Era 61
6.2. MHC Class II 63
6.2.1. Immune Response Genes 63
6.2.2. Stimulation in the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction 67
6.2.3. MHC Class II (la) Antigens 69
6.2.4. Biochemical Characterization of Class II MHC Molecules 70
6.2.5. What are Immune Response Genes in Reality? 74
6.2.6. Mechanisms of MHC-Controlled Unresponsiveness 77
6.3. Sorting Out the Genetics of MHC 83
6.3.1. The Era of Formal Genetics 83
6.3.2. A Simplified Interpretation of MHC Based on
Biochemical and Functional Studies 85
6.3.3. Molecular Biology has the Last Word: The Organization
of MHC at the DNA Level 90
References 93
7. Antigen Processing and Presentation 99
7.1. The Rules of Peptide Binding to MHC Molecules 99
7.1.1. T Cell Epitopes 99
7.1.2. Peptide-Binding Motifs for Class I MHC Molecules 102
7.1.3. Peptide-Binding Motifs for Class II MHC Molecules 105
7.2. The Most Revealing Crystallographic Study in the History
of Immunology: The Three-Dimensional Structure of
MHC Molecules 112
7.2.1. The Peptide-Binding Site of Class I Molecules 112
7.2.2. The Peptide-Binding Site of Class II Molecules 116
7.3. Antigen Processing and Loading Pathways 121
7.3.1. Initial Evidence for Antigen Processing 121
7.3.2. The Class I Pathway 123
7.3.3. The Class II Pathway 125
7.4. The Case for a Specialized Antigen-Presenting Cell 128
7.5. Antigen Processing and Presentation: Phenomena that
Beg for a Concept 131
References 134
Contents Ç ix )
8. The Intricate Behavior of T Cells 141
8.1. Major Histocompatibility Complex Restriction
of T-Cell Recognition 141
8.1.1. Discovery 141
8.1.2. MHC Restriction of Cytotoxic T-celI Responses 145
8.1.3. MHC Restriction of Helper T-CelI Responses 147
8.1.4. Theoretical Implications of MHC Restriction: One
Receptor or Two Receptors? 152
8.1.5. Immunology and its Theoreticians 155
8.2. Chase for the Antigen Receptor of T Cells 158
8.2.1. Early Attempts at Identifying TCR: Ig or not Ig, this
is the Question 158
8.2.2. Serological Approaches to the Isolation of TCR 161
8.2.3. The Winner is Again Molecular Biology: The TCR
Gene Complex 165
8.2.4. HowT Cells Recognize Antigen: Crystallography of
TCR-peptide-MHC Complexes 168
8.3. T-Cell Recognition: From Facts Toward Understanding 171
8.3.1. T-Cell Function in a Nutshell 172
8.3.2. Specificity Requirements for Docking of TCR on MHC 173
8.3.3. The Biology of Docking 175
8.3.4. Peptide Recognition by TCR 175
8.4. Thymus and the T-Cell Repertoire 177
8.4.1. Early Events of Thymocyte Development 177
8.4.2. The Germ I i ne Repertoire 178
8.4.3. Selection of the T-Cell Repertoire in the Thymus 179
8.4.4. The Mature T-Cell Repertoire 185
8.5. Alloreactivity: The Continuing Puzzle 189
8.5.1. Relationship Between Alloreactive and Self-MHC
Restricted T Cells 190
8.5.2. Further Peculiarities of Alloresponses 192
8.5.3. Alloreactivity: A Pot-Pourri of Different Responses 193
8.6. Functional Subclasses of T Cells 198
8.6.1. Ly1 and Ly2,3: Markers to Distinguish Between
Helper and Cytotoxic T Cells 198
8.6.2. How T-Cel I Surface Markers Became Coreceptors 200
8.6.3. Th1 andTh2: Functionally Distinct Subsets of
T Helper Cells 206
8.6.4. The Rise and Fall of Suppressor T Cells 210
8.6.5. Rebirth of the Phoenix: From Ts to Treg 212
8.7. Cell Adhesion, Costimulation, Co-Inhibition 217
8.7.1. Cell Adhesion Receptors of the Immune System 217
8.7.2. Costimulation, Co-Inhibition 219
References 222
GD
Contents
9. Acquired Immunological Tolerance 235
9.1. Discovery 235
9.2. The Era of Theories 237
9.2.1. The Concept of Self-Non-Self Discrimination 237
9.2.2. What is Immunological Self? 239
9.2.3. Early Theories of Self-Non-Self Discrimination 241
9.2.4. The Two-Signal or Associative-Recognition-of-Antigen
Model 244
9.2.5. Alternative Models 251
9.2.6. An Aside on the Regulation of Effector Response 255
9.2.7. The Bottom Line 257
9.3. The Era of Mechanistic Studies 258
9.3.1. Clonal Deletion of T Cells 258
9.3.2. Clonal Deletion of B Cells 262
9.3.3. Clonal Anergy 265
9.3.4. An Unexpected Turn: Display of Peripheral Self in the
Thymus 268
9.4. Can Self Tolerance Be Understood? 271
9.4.1. Importance of the Perinatal Window 272
9.4.2. What Happens After the Perinatal Window Closed? 273
9.4.3. Adult Tolerance in the B-Cell Compartment 273
9.4.4. Adult Tolerance in the T-Cell Compartment 274
9.4.5. Final Plea 275
References 276
10. Autoimmunity 281
10.1. Genetic Factors Predisposing to Autoimmune Disease 282
10.1.1. Genetic Association with the Major
Histocompatibility Complex 282
10.1.2. Selective Antigen Presentation: A Possible
Mechanism for MHC-Disease Association 289
10.1.3. Other Possible Mechanisms for MHC-Disease
Association 293
10.1.4. Non-MHC Genes Predisposing to Autoimmunity 296
10.2. How is Autoimmunity Initiated? 297
10.2.1. Escape from Central Tolerance 298
10.2.2. Escape from or Breaking of Peripheral Tolerance 299
10.2.3. Availability of Autoantigen 301
10.2.4. Environmental Triggers 302
10.3. Some Aspects of Pathogenesis 306
10.4. Approaches to Immunotherapy 308
10.4.1. Targeting Antigen Presentation by MHC Molecules 308
10.4.2. Targeting the Antigenic Ligand 309
Contents
10.4.3. Targeting theT-Cell Antigen Receptor
10.4.4. Targeting Co-Receptors, Co-Stimulation, and Cell
Adhesion Molecules
10.4.5. Targeting the Effector Response
10.4.6. The Take-Home Lesson
10.5. What Is Needed for Better Understanding of Autoimmunity?
References
a
310
311
312
314
315
319
Concluding Remarks
Index
327
331
|
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| title | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding |
| title_auth | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding |
| title_exact_search | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding |
| title_full | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding Zoltán A. Nagy |
| title_fullStr | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding Zoltán A. Nagy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A history of modern immunology the path toward understanding Zoltán A. Nagy |
| title_short | A history of modern immunology |
| title_sort | a history of modern immunology the path toward understanding |
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