The gender politics of the Namibian liberation struggle:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basel
Basler Afrika Bibliographien
2014
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| Schriftenreihe: | Basel Namibia studies series
13 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?34154295_toc.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 230 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3905758261 9783905758269 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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MARTHA AKAWA
Preface by Bience Gawanas
The Gender Politics of the Namibian
Liberation Struggle
Basel Namibia Studies Series 13
Basler Afrika Bibliographien 2014
Contents
Preface by Advocate Bience Gawanas xi
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
Researching gender politics 4
Structure of the book 4
Methodology and notes on sources 6
Oral sources 6
Primary sources 8
Secondary sources 9
Themes and debates 10
Oral sources 10
Women and the war of liberation 12
Women and the military 14
The roles and status of African women in pre- and colonial
societies 16
Female bodies: Sites of violence 20
A comparative glance at the question of sexual abuse and
sexuality in the situation of war 21
Camp experiences: Inclusions and exclusions 23
Feminism vs liberation/emancipation of women in African
national liberation movements 26
The aftermath: Women after the liberation struggle 27
1 There can be no national liberation without 29
the full participation of women: The role and
position of women in the liberation struggle
The people's war 34
Periodisation of the liberation struggle: The political environment 35
1970-1978 36
1979-1979 37
Mobilisation inside the country: Rallying women, women at rallies 37
Who do they think SWAPOs are?: Provision of assistance to SWAPO 41
Beware of your political preferences: Consequences 45
A woman's place is in the struggle: The role played by women in exile 48
The establishment of the SWAPO Women's Council 49
Mobilisation in exile
Platforms and Media
International conferences and networking
Meetings in the settlements
10 December and 8 March
The Namibian woman
Sisterhood and Solidarity
The role of women in the settlements/camps
Caring of the young ones
Nursing
Food production
Manufacturing and studying
Sisters in arms: Women in the military wing
Summary
Idealised struggle? Public and Visual
Representations of Women
Heroines and Legends: (Re-)presenting the women leaders
and icons of the struggle
Kakurukaze Mungunda
Meekulu Putuse Appolus
Dr Libertina Inaviposa Amathila
Pendukeni Kaulinge
Penny Hilite Hashoongo
Angela Yvone Davis
Inclusion and exclusion
This is what we stand for: Public declarations by SWAPO's
male and female leadership
Liberated zones
The politics of gendered bodies and symbolic representations
Mothers of the nation
The face of repression
Floggings
Kassinga Massacre
Rape - A strategy for repression
Rauna Nambinga
Lucia Hamutenya
Ida jimmy
The visual liberation of women
The legacy of the war 103
Victims, perpetrators or actors? 106
Summary 106
3 Women and the SWAPO Refugee Camps 107
The history of the camps 108
Arrival at a camp 110
Structures and infrastructures 111
A normal day in a camp 113
Normality against all odds 115
Threats and challenges 117
Attacks 117
Lack of basic necessities 117
Access to positions of leadership and control 118
Helplessness and despair 119
Reminiscences: The good old days 119
Comradeship 120
SWAPO was our mother and our father 120
We left those issues here and found them when
we got back to Namibia 121
Summary 123
4 Sexual Politics in the Camps 124
Shifting sexuality patterns in Namibia 124
Polygamy and the colonial state 127
Definitions of rape and sexual abuse 129
Circumstances under which rape and sexual abuse were
committed against women 131
The trips between Namibia and the host country 131
Ondjolo: Goodies for sex 132
No comrade says 'no' to another comrade 135
Rape? I do not know what you are talking about 137
One hand washes the other 140
Controlling female sexuality: No foreign men 141
Some relationships were genuine 144
The position of SWAPO regarding rape and sexual abuse 145
Disciplinary measures and structures 146
Attitudes towards polygamy in post-independent Namibia 149
Momeya iha mu inyenge mwaana okapuka 153
Summary 153
5 Education and Training 155
Education and training in apartheid Namibia 155
Education in exile 159
Pre-school education 160
Formal education 160
Secondary education 161
Upper Secondary Education 161
The Namibia Secondary Technical School in Loudima 161
Vocational training 162
Tertiary education, scholarships and institutions of Higher Learning 162
The United Nations Institute for Namibia 162
International university and scholarships 163
Informal education: Adult education programmes and skill
development 166
Women's programmes 166
Nutrition and childcare 167
Tailoring, weaving and knitting projects 167
Teaching materials and content 168
Feminist-oriented education 169
Family planning 169
The relationship between education, development, employment,
power sharing and equal relations 171
Liberation of women through education 173
Gender equality and family relations 175
Summary 176
6 All has not been won Not everything has been lost: 177
Women in post-independent Namibia
Formal equality 178
Substantive equality 178
From a Women's Desk to a fully-fledged ministry 178
National policies and documents 179
Various national commitments 180
International agreements 180
Law and policy reform on gender 180
Non-governmental organizations and civil society 182
The struggle continues 183
Power-sharing and decision-making at the political level 183
Power-sharing and decision-making at the political level 185
Power-sharing and decision-making at the household level 187
Education for all 187
Women and employment 189
Women and the land 190
Gender-based violence 190
You are your own liberators 191
Summary 193
Epilogue 195
Abbreviations 199
List of Illustrations and Map 201
Bibliography 203
Archives 203
Literature 204
I nternet sources 217
Interview participants 217
Index 219 |
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