Reconstructing quaternary environments:
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2015
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| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780131274686 9780415740753 |
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| 020 | |a 9780415740753 |9 978-0-415-74075-3 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Lowe, J. J. |d 1946- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)101165914X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Reconstructing quaternary environments |c John Lowe and Mike Walker |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 538 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Quartär |0 (DE-588)4048009-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Quartär |0 (DE-588)4048009-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Walker, Mike J. C. |d 1947- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)136789323 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-315-79749-6 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027411004&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027411004 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152360177500160 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures and tables
XV
Preface to the third edition
xxvii
Acknowledgements
xxix
Cover image details
xxx
1
The Quaternary record
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Interpreting the Quaternary record
2
1.3
The status of the Quaternary in the geological timescale
2
1.4
The duration of the Quaternary
3
1.5
The development of Quaternary studies
5
1.5.1
Historical developments
5
1.5.2
Recent developments
7
1.6
The framework of the Quaternary
9
1.7
The causes of climatic change
13
1.8
The scope of this book
16
Notes
17
2
Geomorphologicai evidence
19
2.1
Introduction
19
2.2
Methods
19
2.2.1
Field methods
19
2.2.1.1
Field mapping
19
2.2.1.2
Instrumental levelling
20
2.2.2
Remote sensing
22
2.2.2.1
Aerial photography
22
2.2.2.2
Satellite imagery
22
2.2.2.3
Radar
23
2.2.2.4
Sonar and seismic sensing
24
2.2.2.5
Digital elevation/terrain modelling
24
2.3
Glacial
landforms
26
2.3.1
Extent of ice cover
27
2.3.2
Geomorphological evidence and the extent of ice sheets and glaciers during
the last cold stage
30
2.3.2.Í
Northern Europe
30
2.3.2.2
Britain and Ireland
33
VÎ
CONTENTS
2.3.2.3
North
America
35
2.3.3
Direction of ice movement
39
2.3.3.1
Striations
40
2.3.3.2
Friction cracks
40
2.3.3.3
Ice-moulded (streamlined) bedrock
40
2.3.3.4
Streamlined glacial deposits
42
2.3.4
Reconstruction of former ice masses
43
2.3.4.1
Ice sheet modelling
43
2.3.4.2
Ice caps and glaciers
47
2.3.5
Palaeoclimatic inferences using former glacier elevations
50
2.3.5.1
Cirque floor altitude
(CFA)
and toe-to-headwall (THAR) methods
50
2.3.5.2
ELA/FLA method
51
2.4
Periglacial
landforms
53
2.4.1
Palaeoclimatic inferences based on periglacial evidence
55
2.4.1.1
Rock glaciers
55
2.4.1.2
Pingos
and
palsas
56
2.4.1.3
Pronival ( protalus )
ramparts
57
2.5
Sea-level change
58
2.5.1
Relative
ană
absolute sea-level changes
59
2.5.2
Eustatic changes in sea level
59
2.5.2.1
Pre-Quaternary eustatic changes
59
2.5.2.2
Quaternary eustatic changes
60
2.5.3
Tectonic influences
67
2.5.4
Glacio-
and hydro-isostasy
68
2.5.5
Shoreline sequences in areas affected by gkcio-isostasy
69
2.5.6
Palaeoettviromnental significance of sea-level changes
73
2.6
River terraces
73
2.6.1
Origins of river terraces
75
2.6.1.1
Eustatic changes in sea level
76
2.6.1.2
Climatic change
76
2.6.1.3
Glaciation
77
2.6.1.4
Tectonic changes
77
2.6.1.5
Human activity
77
2.6.2
River terraces andpalaeoenvironmental reconstruction
78
2 A3
The terraces of the River Thames
78
2.7
Quaternary
landforms
in low latitudes
82
2.7.1
Pluvial lakes
82
2.7.2
Dunefields
86
2.73
Fluvial
landforms
89
2.7.4
Weathering crusts
90
2.8
Conclusions
91
Notes
91
3
Lithological evidence
93
3.1
Introduction
93
3.2
Field and laboratory methods
93
3.2.1
Sediment sections
93
3.2.2
Coring
Э4
3.2.3
Laboratory methods
%
CONTENTS
VII
3.2.3.1
Partiele
size measurements
96
3.2.3.2
Particle shape
97
3.2.3.3
Surface textures of quartz particles
97
3.2.3.4
Organic carbon content
97
3.2.3.5
Metallic elements
98
3.2.3.6
Heavy minerals
98
3.2.3.7
Clay mineralogy
98
3.2.3.8
Mineral magnetic analysis
98
3.2.3.9
Stable isotope analysis
98
3.3.
Glacial sediments
99
3.3.1
Introduction
99
3.3.2
The nature of glacial sediments
99
3.3.2.1
Unstratified and stratified sediments
99
3.3.2.2
Glacigenic
facies
100
3.3.3
Tlie
classification of tub
102
3.3.3.1
Lodgement, melt-out and flow tills
102
3.3.3.2
Deformation tills
102
3.3.3.3
Paragladal deposits
105
3.3.4
The influence of the thermal regime of glacier ice
107
3.3.5
Analysis of glacigenic sequences
109
3.3.5.1
Particle size and shape analysis
109
3.3.5.2
lithofacies
interpretations
109
3.3.6
Ice-directional indicators 111
3.3.6.1
Erratics 111
3.3.6.2
Till fabrics
113
3.3.6.3
Properties of the till matrix
115
3.4
Periglacial sediments
115
3.4.1
Introduction
115
3.4.2
Structures associated with permafrost
116
3.4.3
Palaeodimatic significance of periglacial
str uđures
118
3.5
Palaeosols
122
3.5.1
Introduction
122
3.5.2
The nature of palaeosols
122
3.5.3
Analysis of palaeosols
124
3.5.4
Palaeosols and Quaternary environments
125
3.6
Wind-blown sediments
127
3.6.1
Introduction
127
3.6.2
Loess stratigraphy
127
3.6.3
Mid-latitude sand belts (coversands)
130
3.6.4
Low-latitude sand seas
131
3.6.5
Wind-blown sediments andpalaeoenvironmental reconstructions
131
3.7
Lake-level records from low-latitude regions
132
3.7.1
Introduction
132
3.7.2
Pluvial lake sediment sequences
133
3.73
Lake-level changes and Quaternary palaeoclimates
135
3.8
Cave sediments and carbonate deposits
140
3.8.1
Introduction
140
3.8.2
Detritd sediment in caves
141
3.8.3
Spekothem
143
3.8.4
Spekothem growth and environmental reconstruction
143
3.S.4.Î
Spdeothem growth and climatic change I43
VIH
CONTENTS
3.8.4.2
Stable isotope ratios in cave spekothem
145
3.8.4.3
Trace elements in cave speleotficm
148
3.8.4.4
Spekothem formation and sea-level variations
149
3.8.4.5
Spekothem formation and tectonic activity
149
3.8.4.6
Spekothem formation and rates of denudation
149
3.8.5
Other carbonate deposits
149
3.9
Lake, mire and bog sediments
151
3.9.1
Introduction
151
3.9.2
The nature of lake and bog sediments
152
3.9.3
Palaeoenvironmental evidence from lake sediments
154
3.9.3.1
Lake sediments and landscape changes
155
3.9.3.2
Lake-level variations and climatic changes
159
3.9.3.3
Lake sediments and palaeotemperatures
160
3.9.4
Palaeoenvironmental evidence from mire and bog sediments
161
3.9.4.1
Palaeoprecipitation records from ombrotrophic peats
161
3.9.4.2
Stable isotope records from ombrotrophic peats
163
3.9.4.3
Human impact recorded in ombrotrophic peat
165
3.10
The deep-sea sediment record
165
3.10.1
The nature and origin of ocean sediments
165
3.10.2
Oxygen isotope ratios and the ocean sediment record
166
3.10.2.1
General principles
166
3.10.2.2
Glacial ice storage and the marine oxygen isotope record
167
3.10.2.3
Ice volumes, sea level and the marine oxygen isotope record
169
3.10.2.4
Sea-surface temperatures and the marine oxygen isotope record
170
3.10.3
Limitations of oxygen isotope analysis
170
3.10.3.1
Stratigraphie
resolution
170
3.10.3.2
Sediment mixing
171
3.10.3.3
Isotopie
equilibrium between test carbonate and ocean water
171
3.10.3.4
Carbonate dissolution and diagenesis
171
3.10.4
Carbon isotopes in marine sediments
171
3.11
Ice-core stratigraphy
172
ЗЛІ
J
A brief history of deep-ice coring
172
3.11.2
Ice masses as palaeoenvironmental archives
173
3.11.3
Analysis of ice cores
173
3.11.3.1
Annual ice increments
173
3.11.3.2
Dust content
175
3.11.3.3
Chemical content
175
3.11.3.4
Stable isotope records
175
3.11.3.5
Other trace substances
175
3.11.4
Palaeoenvironmental significance of ice cores
175
3.12
Conclusions
178
Notes
179
4
Biological evidence
181
4.1
Introduction
181
4.1.1
The nature of the Quaternary fossil record
181
4.1.2
The taphonomy of Quaternary fossil assemblages
182
4.1.3
The interpretation of Quaternary fossil
assemblages
182
4.2
Pollen analysis
183
4.2Л
Introduction
igş
CONTENTS
IX
4.2.2
The nature of pollen and spores
183
4.2.3
Field and laboratory work
184
4.2.4
Pollen diagrams
185
4.2.5
Tiie interpretation of pollen diagrams
190
4.2.6
Applications of pollen stratigraphy
194
4.2.6.1
Local vegetation reconstructions
194
4.2.6.2
Regional vegetation reconstructions
194
4.2.6.3
Space-time reconstructions
195
4.2.6.4
Human impact on vegetation cover
195
4.2.6.5
Pollen data and climatic reconstructions
197
4.3
Diatom analysis
197
4.3.2
Introduction
197
4.3.2
The nature and ecology of diatoms
198
4.3.3
Field and laboratory methods
200
4.3.4
The interpretation of Quaternary diatom records
202
4.3.5
Applications of diatom analysis
202
4.3.5.1
Diatoms as salinity indicators
202
4.3.5.2
Diatoms and
pH 203
4.3.5.3
Diatoms and trophic status
205
4.3.5.4
Diatoms and the archaeological record
205
4.3.5.5
Other environmental applications
206
4.4
Plant macrofossil analysis
207
4.4.1
Introduction
207
4.4.2
The nature of plant macrofossib
207
4.4.3
Field and laboratory work
208
4.4.4
Data presentation
208
4.4.5
The interpretation of plant macrofossil data
209
4.4.6
Palaeoenvironmental applications of plant macrofossil studies
212
4.4.6.1
Palaeodimatic reconstructions
212
4.4.6.2
Forest history
214
4.4.6.3
Charcoal and fire history
214
4.4.6.4
Archaeological records
215
4.5
Fossil insect remains
215
4.5.1
Introduction
215
4.5.2
Coleóptera
215
4.5.3
Laboratory methods
216
4.5.4
Coleopteran analysis and Quaternary environments
218
4.5.4.1
Habitat preferences
219
4.5.4.2
Palaeoclimatic inferences based on coleopteran assemblages
221
4.5.4.3
Insect fossils and archaeology
225
4.5.5
Chironomidae
225
4.6
Non-marine Mollusca
228
4.6.
1 Introduction
228
4.6.2
The nature and distribution of molluscs
229
4.6.3
Field and laboratory work
229
4.6.4
Taphonotny of non-marine molluscan assemblages
231
4.6.5
Interpretation of non-marine molluscan assemblages: habitat groups
and indices of species diversity
232
4.6.6 Applications
of Quaternary non-marine molluscan records
233
4.6.6.1
Biostratigraphic correlation
233
4.6.6.2
Palaeoclimatic reconstructions
234
X
CONTENTS
4.6.6.3 Archaeological
relevance
234
4.7 Marine
MoUusca
235
4.7.1
Introduction
235
4.7.2
Analysis of marine molluscan assemblages
235
4.7.3
Marine Mollusca and palaeodimatk inferences
236
4.7.4
Other applications of fossil marine molluscan records
237
4.8
Ostracod analysis
238
4.8.1
The nature and distribution of ostracods
238
4.8.2
Collection and identification
238
4.8.3
Ostracoda in Quaternary studies
239
4.9
Foraminiferal analysis
241
4.9.1
Пе
nature and distribution of Foraminifera
241
4.9.2
Collection and identification
242
4.9.3
Foraminifera in Quaternary inshore and shelf sediments
242
4.9.3.1
Sea-level change
242
4.9.3.2
Shallow marine water mass and temperature variations
243
4.9.3.3
Other palaeoenvironmental applications
244
4.10
Micropalaeontology of deep-sea sediments
244
4.10.1
Introduction
244
4.10.2
Radiolaria
244
4.10.3
Coccolithophores
245
4.10.4
Dinoflagellates (dinocysts)
246
4.10.5
Marine microfossils in ocean sediments
246
4.10.6
Laboratory separation of marine microfossils
248
4.10.7
Marine palaeoclimatology
248
4.10.8
Marinepalaeoproductivity andpalaeocirculation
253
4.11
Vertebrate remains
254
4.11.1
Introduction
254
4.11.2
The structure of teeth and bones
254
4.11.3
Fossilization of bone material
256
4.11.4
Field and laboratory techniques
256
4.11.5
The taphonomy of fossil vertebrate assemblages
257
4.11.5.1
Cave and fissure deposits
257
4.11.5.2
Lacustrine sediments
258
4.11.5.3
Fluvial sediments
258
4.11.6
Quaternary vertebrate records
258
4.11.6.1
Vertebrate biostratigraphy
259
4.11.6.2
Vertebrate biogeography
259
4.31.6.3
Vertebrate fossils and Quaternary environments
260
4.11.6.4
Vertebrate fossils and
fannal
évolution
262
4.12
Other fossil groups
263
4.12.1
Chrysophytes
263
4.12.2
Cladocera
263
4.12.3
Coral polyps
263
4.1.2.4
Fungal remains
264
4.12.5
Testate amoebae
264
4.12.6
Biomarkers
(ancient biomolecules)
265
4ЛЗ
Multi-proxy palaeoecological studies
265
4.14
Conclusions
266
Notes
266
CONTENTS
XI
5
Dating methods
267
5.1
Introduction
267
5.2
Precision and accuracy in Quaternary dating
267
5.3
Radiometrie
dating techniques
268
5.3.1
The nucleus and radioactivity
268
5.3.2
Radiocarbon dating
270
5.3.2.1
General principles
270
5.3.2.2
Measurement of 14C activity
271
5.3.2.3
Quality assurance in radiocarbon dating
275
5.3.2.4
Sources of error in radiocarbon dating
275
5.3.2.5
Radiocarbon dating of soils
279
5.3.2.6
Calibration of the radiocarbon timescale
279
5.3.3
Argon-isotope dating
284
5.3.3.1
Potassium-argon dating
284
5.3.3.2
Argon-argon
(Ar/Ar)
dating
285
5.3.3.3
Problems and limitations of
arçon-isotope
dating
285
5.3.3.4
Some applications of argon-isotope dating
285
5.3.4
Uranium-series (U-series) dating
286
5.3.4.1
Generai
principles
286
5.3.4.2
Measurement, problems and age range
287
5.3.4.3
Some applications of U-series dating
288
5.3.5
Fission track dating
289
5.3.5.1
General principles
289
5.3.5.2
Measurement and problems
290
5.3.5.3
Some applications of fission track dating
290
5.3.6
Luminescence dating
291
5.3.6.1
Genera] principles
291
5.3.6.2
Measurement and problems
291
5.3.6.3
Developments in luminescence dating
292
5.3.6.4
Age ranges and applications of
luminescente
dating
293
5.3.7
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating
293
5.3.7.1
General principles and measurement
293
5.3.7.2
Sources of error in ESR dating
294
53.7.3
Some applications of ESR dating
294
5.3.8
Cosmogenic radionudide (CRN) dating
294
5.3.8.1
Generai
principles
294
5.3.8.2
Measurement and problems
295
5.3.8.3
Some applications of CRN dating
296
5.3.9
Short-lived radioactive isotopes
296
5.3.9.1
Lead-210
297
5.3.9.2
Caesium-B?
297
5.3.9.3
ЅШсоп-За
298
5.4
Incrementai
dating methods
298
5.4.1
Dendrochronology
298
5.4.1.1
General principles
298
5.4.1.2
Measurement and problems
298
5.4.1.3
Dendrochronologicai records 3qq
5.4.1.4
DendrocSimatology
302
5.4.2
Verve chronology
5.4.2.1
Tne
Batote
of
varral
sediments
XII
CONTENTS
5.4.2.2
Clastic varves
5.4.2.3
Organic (biogenic) varves)
5.4.2.4
Chemical varves
5.4.2.5
Complex varves
5.4.2.6
Sources of error in varve counting
5.4.2.7
Applications of varve chronologies
5.4.3
Annual layers in glacier ice
5.4.3.1
General principles
5.4.3.2
Errors in ice-core chronologies
5.4.3.3
Ice-core chronologies
5.44
Lichenometry
5.4.4.1
General principles
5.4.4.2
Sources of error in lichenonietric dating
5.4.4.3
Some applications of lichenometry
5.4.5
Other materials dated by annual increments
5.4.5.1
Speleothems
5.4.5.2
Sclerochronology
5.5
Age-equivalent
stratigraphie
markers
304
305
306
306
306
3Ü7
310
310
312
312
315
315
315
316
316
316
317
319
5.5.1
Palaeomagnetism
319
5.5.1.1
Geomagnetic
neki
and
remanent
magnetism
319
5.5.1.2
Magnetostratigraphy
320
5.5.2
Tephrochronology
325
5.5.2.1
General principles
325
5.5.2.2
Sources of error in tephrochronology·
327
5.5.2.3
Applications of tephrochronology
327
5.5.3
Oxygen isotope chronology
330
5.5.4
Biostratigraphy and molecular clocks
331
5.6
Relative chronology based on processes of chemical alteration
332
5.6.1
Amino-acid geochronology
332
5.6.1.1
Chemistry of proteins
332
5.6.1.2
Amino-acid diagenesis
334
5.6.1.3
Aminostratigraphy and age control
334
5.6.1
A Problems with amino-acid geochronology
334
5.6.1.5
Recent developments in amino-acid geochronology
336
5.6.1.6
Some applications of amino-acid geochronology
336
5.6.2
Fluorine, uranium and nitrogen content of fossil bones
339
5.6.3
Obsidian hydration dating (OHD)
340
5.6.3.1
General principles
340
5.6.3.2
Problems with obsidian hydration dating
340
5.6.3.3
Some applications of obsidian hydration dating
340
5.6.4
Weathering characteristics of rock
suif
aces
340
5.6.4.1
General principles
340
5.6.4.2
Problems in using surface weathering features as indicators of relative age
341
5.6.3.4
Some applications of surface weathering dating
342
5.6.5
Pedogenesis
342
5.6.5.1
General principles
342
5.6.5.2
Problems in using pedogenesis as a basis for dating
342
5.6.5.3
Some applications of
relative
dating based on degree of pedogenesis
343
5.7
Stratigraphie
and temporal resolution
343
5.8
Conclusions
344
Notes
345
CONTENTS XIII
Approaches to Quaternary stratigraphy and
correlation
347
6.1
Introduction
347
6.2
Stratigraphie
subdivision
347
6.2.1
Principles ofQuaternary stratigraphy
347
6.2.2
Stratotypes
349
6.2.3
Elements of Quaternary stratigraphy
34.9
6.2.3.1
Lithostratigraphy
349
6.2.3.2
Biostratigraphy
353
6.2.3.3
Morphostratigraphy
354
6.2.3.4
Soil stratigraphy
355
6.2.3.5
Oxygen isotope stratigraphy
355
6.2.3.6
Climatostratigraphy
358
6.2.3.7
Chronostratigraphy
361
6.3
Time-stratigraphic correlation
362
6.3.1
Principles of Quaternary correlation
362
6.3.2
Bases for time-stratigraphic correlation
363
6.3.2.1
Piilaeomagnctic correlation
363
6.3.2.2
Correlation using tephra layers
364
6.3.2.3
Correlation using palaeosols
364
6.3.2.4
Shoreline correlation
364
6.3.2.5
Correlation on the basis of
radiometrie
dating
365
6.3.2.6
Event stratigraphy and correlation
365
6.3.2.7
Correlation using the marine oxygen isotope record
366
6.3.3
Correlation between continental, marine and ice-core records
366
6.3.3.1
Long-term correlation on Milankovitch timescales
367
6.3.3.2
Correlation on sub-Milankovitch timescales
371
6.3.3.3
Synchronizing records of past environmental change
374
6.4
Conclusions
378
Global environmental change during the Quaternary
379
7.1
Introduction
379
7.2
Environmental simulation models (ESMs)
380
7.2.1
Introduction
380
7.2.2
Box models
380
7.2.3
General circulation models (GCMs)
381
7.2.4
Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs)
383
7.2.5
Transient simulations
386
7.2.6
Palaeodata-model comparisons
387
7.2.7
Limitations of ESMs
388
7.2.8
Tlte importance of ESMs in Quaternary research
388
73
Climatic change over Milankovitch timescales
389
7.3.1
Introduction
389
7.3.2
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT)
390
7.3.3
Tlie
glacial-interglacial cycles of the last
800
ka
394
7.3.4
Overview
397
7.4
Environmental change over sub-orbital (millennial) timescales
399
7.4.1
Introduction
399
7.4.2
Ice-ocean-clitnate interplay in the North Atlantic 400
7.4.3
A bipolar
tdeconnetíion
405
XIV CONTENTS
407
412
7.;.
ine
Last Termination
413
413
413
415
418
419
419
419
420
421
7.6.
Climate and the Holocene
427
427
427
428
428
429
431
433
433
434
434
435
435
436
437
438
439
439
7.7
Concluding remarks
440
Notes
443
References
445
Index
523
7.4.4
Global teleconnections: linking mechanisms
7.4.5
Overview
The Last Termination
7.5.1
Introduction
7.5.2
Definition of the Last Termination
7.5.3
Onset of the Last Termination
7.5.4
Global teleconnections during the Last Termination
7.5.5
Synchronizing records of Lategladal age
7.5.5.1
Introduction
7.5.5.2
Lategladal stratigraphy and chronology
7.5.5.3
Lategladal age models and correlation procedures
7.5.5.4
Rapid environmental change during the Lategladal
Climate and the Holocene
7.6.1
Introduction
7.6.2
Holocene climate trends
7.6.3
Holocene climatic events
7.6.3.1
The Pleistocene-Holocene transition
7.6.3.2
The
8.2
ka event
7.6.3.3
The
4.2
fa. event
7.6.3.4
The
2.8
ka event
7.6.3.5
The Little Ice Age
7.6.4
Holocene climatic cycles
7.6.4.1
Late Holocene solar cycles
7.6.4.2
EI Nïüo-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO)
7.6.4.3
Late Holocene Atlantic and Pacific Oscillations
7.6.5
People and climate
7.Ő.5.
1
The greenhouse effect
7.6.5.2
Early human impact?
7.6.5.3
Delayed
glaciation?
7.6.6
The Anthropocene
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lowe, J. J. 1946- Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- |
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| author_facet | Lowe, J. J. 1946- Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| classification_rvk | RB 10132 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)897265635 (DE-599)BSZ399605193 |
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| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041968317 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:09:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780131274686 9780415740753 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027411004 |
| oclc_num | 897265635 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 |
| physical | XXVIII, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lowe, J. J. 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)101165914X aut Reconstructing quaternary environments John Lowe and Mike Walker 3. ed. London [u.a.] Routledge 2015 XXVIII, 538 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd rswk-swf Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 s DE-604 Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)136789323 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-315-79749-6 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027411004&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lowe, J. J. 1946- Walker, Mike J. C. 1947- Reconstructing quaternary environments Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4048009-4 |
| title | Reconstructing quaternary environments |
| title_auth | Reconstructing quaternary environments |
| title_exact_search | Reconstructing quaternary environments |
| title_full | Reconstructing quaternary environments John Lowe and Mike Walker |
| title_fullStr | Reconstructing quaternary environments John Lowe and Mike Walker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reconstructing quaternary environments John Lowe and Mike Walker |
| title_short | Reconstructing quaternary environments |
| title_sort | reconstructing quaternary environments |
| topic | Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Quartär |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027411004&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lowejj reconstructingquaternaryenvironments AT walkermikejc reconstructingquaternaryenvironments |