Dark matter: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 257 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781466572119 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152345093734400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Physics
DARK MATTER
An Introduction
Dark Matter: An Introduction tackles the rather recent but fast-
growing subject of astroparticle physics, encompassing three main
areas of fundamental physics: cosmology, particle physics, and as-
trophysics. Accordingly, the book discusses symmetries, conser-
vation laws, relativity, and cosmological parameters and measure-
ments, as well as the astrophysical behaviors of galaxies and galaxy
clusters that indicate the presence of dark matter and the possible
nature of dark matter distribution. This succinct yet comprehensive
volume:
• Addresses all aspects essential to the study of dark matter
• Explores particle candidates for cold dark matter beyond the
theory of the standard model, providing examples of basic
extensions and introducing theories such as supersymmetry
and extra dimensions
• Explains—in simple text and mathematical formulations-
calculation of the freeze-out temperature of a dark matter
species and its relic density
• Provides theoretical background for dark matter scattering off
a target, event rate calculation, and dark matter annihilation
essential to study direct and indirect detection of dark matter
Complete with a detailed review of the latest dark matter experi-
ments and techniques, Dark Matter: An Introduction is an ideal
text for beginning researchers in the field as well as for general read-
ers with inquisitive minds, as the important topic of astroparticle
physics is treated both pedagogically and with deeper insight.
Contentsq
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Brief Discussion on Relativity 11
2.1 Galilean Transformation ................. 11
2.2 Lorentz Transformation........................... 13
2.3 Electromagnetic Theory........................... 18
3 Particle Physics Basics 21
3.1 Leptons and Quarks............................... 22
3.2 Klein-Gordon Equation............................ 28
3.3 Dirac Equation .................................. 29
3.4 Symmetries ...................................... 35
3.4.1 Discrete Symmetries....................... 36
3.4.2 Groups and Representations of Groups ... 40
3.4.3 Continuous Symmetries ................ 48
3.4.4 Global Symmetries......................... 50
3.4.5 Local Symmetries and Abelian Gauge In-
variance 52
3.4.6 Local Symmetries and Non-Abelian Gauge
Invariance ............................... 54
3.4.7 SUL(2) x UK(1) 63
4 Basics of Cosmology 69
4.1 Time Evolution of Scale Factor ) 73
4.2 Flat Universe and Density Parameters ............ 76
4.3 Luminosity Distance ............................. 79
v
vi
4.4 Deceleration Parameter........................... 85
4.5 Bolometric Magnitude ............................ 86
4.6 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation............ 86
5 Evidence of Dark Matter 89
5.1 Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxies ............... 90
5.2 Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters..................... 91
5.2.1 Virial Theorem............................. 91
5.3 Gravitational Lensing.............................. 96
5.4 Bullet Cluster ....................................101
5.5 Lyman Alpha Forest.................................102
6 Galactic Halo of Dark Matter 105
6.1 Milky Way Galaxy ..................................106
6.1.1 Central Bulge and Galactic Center..........107
6.1.2 Galactic Disk..............................108
6.1.3 Steller Clusters...........................109
6.1.4 Dark Matter in the Milky Way...............110
7 Types of Dark Matter 117
7.1 From Thermal Hi story .............................117
7.1.1 Thermal Dark Matter........................117
7.1.2 Non-Thermal Dark Matter....................119
7.2 On the Basis of Particle Types ....................121
7.2.1 Baryonic Dark Matter ......................121
7.2.2 Non-Baryonic Dark Matter...................122
7.3 From Mass and Speed................................122
7.3.1 Hot Dark Matter............................123
7.3.2 Cold Dark Matter...........................123
7.4 Role in Structure Formation........................123
8 Candidates of Dark Matter 125
8.1 Candidates for CDM ................................127
8.2 Supersymmetric Dark Matter.........................127
8.3 Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter ..........................130
8.4 Scalar Singlet Dark Matter ........................133
8.5 Inert Doublet Dark Matter..........................136
8.6 Candidate for Hot Dark Matter......................139
Vil
8.7 Axion Dark Matter ............................... 144
8.7.1 Experimental Searches for Axion Dark Mat-
ter ...............................................149
9 Relie Density 153
10 Direct Détection of Dark Matter 159
10.1 Basic Principles...................................159
10.2 Direct Détection Rates ............................167
10.2.1 Annual Variations..........................170
10.2.2 Daily and Directional Variations...........171
11 Dark Matter Hunt 179
11.1 Direct Détection Experiments.......................179
11.1.1 CDMS Experiment............................189
11.1.2 CRESST Experiment..........................193
11.1.3 DAMA Experiment............................195
11.1.4 CoGENT Dark Matter Search..................196
11.1.5 XENON Dark Matter Search...................196
11.1.6 PICASSO Experiment.........................197
11.1.7 DRIFT Experiment...........................200
12 Indirect Dark Matter Search 203
12.1 Antimatter Production and Distortion in Cosmic Ray
Spectra............................................205
12.1.1 Antiproton as an Indirect Probe for Galactic
Dark Matter................................208
12.1.2 Positron Excess as Indirect Probe for Dark
Matter.....................................210
12.2 Gamma Rays from Dark Matter Annihilation .... 216
12.2.1 Dwarf Spheroidals..........................229
12.3 Neutrinos as a Probe of Indirect Dark Matter Détec-
tion ....................................................229
12.3.1 Neutrinos from Solar or Earth Core.........229
12.3.2 Neutrinos from the Galactic Center.........233
Vlll
13 Other Dark Matter Candidates 235
13.1 Streile Neutrino...............................235
13.2 MACHOs ........................................237
13.3 Inelastic Dark Matter .........................237
References 241
Index 253
|
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