Verfügbarkeit: 110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913)

110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913): sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g.

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Bulgarian
Veröffentlicht:	Sofija 2014
Ausgabe:	1. izd.
Schlagworte:	Geschichte 1878-1913 Entstehung Staat Bulgarien Konferenzschrift > 2013 > Sofia
Online-Zugang:	Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Einf. bulg. und engl.
Beschreibung:	718 S. Ill.
ISBN:	9789542903116

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ УВОД Трендафил Митев .17 110 ГОДИНИ ОТ ИЛИНДЕНСКО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ - ЗА ОБЩОТО И РАЗЛИЧНОТО Александър Гребенаров .33 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И СЪСТАВ НА ВЪСТАНИЧЕСКАТА АРМИЯ ПРЕЗ 1903 ГОДИНА Тодор Петров .41 ТАЙНИТЕ ОФИЦЕРСКИ БРАТСТВА В ПОДГОТОВКАТА И ПРОВЕЖДАНЕТО НА ИЛИНДЕНСКО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ Светлозар Елдъров .49 ЗНАМЕНА ОТ ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНОТО ДВИЖЕНИЕ И ВЪСТАНИЯТА В МАКЕДОНИЯ И ОДРИНСКА ТРАКИЯ Иван Иванов .73 БЕЛГИЙСКИЯТ ВЕСТНИК „LA RÉFORME" ЗА ИЛИНДЕНСКО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ ОТ 1903 г. Виолета Костова .97 БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЦЕНТРАЛНО БЛАГОТВОРИТЕЛНО ОБЩЕСТВО И НАРОДНИЯТ СЪБОР В БУКУРЕЩ (НОЕМВРИ 1876 г.) Даниела Вичкова .105 ПРИНОСЪТ НА ГЕНЕРАЛ МИХАИЛ Д. СКОБЕЛЕВ ЗА ПОБЕДИТЕ НА РУСКАТА АРМИЯ В РУСКО-ТУРСКАТА ВОЙНА (1877-1878) Трендафил Митев .125 РУСКИ ДОКУМЕНТИ ЗА ОСВОБОЖДАВАНЕТО НА ГОРНА ДЖУМАЯ ПО ВРЕМЕ НА РУСКО-ТУРСКАТА ВОЙНА (1877-1878) Иван Петров .145 БОРЧЕСКИЯТ ДУХ НА ГОДЛЕВЦИ В РУСКО-ТУРСКАТА ВОЙНА И РОЛЯТА НА ЦЪРКВАТА Христина Манова .159 ПОЛУЗАБЫТЫЕ ИМЕНА: БУФСКИЙ СВЯЩЕННИК - ВОЕВОДА КРЕСНЕНСКО-РАЗЛОЖСКОГО ВОССТАНИЯ Марина Фролова .165 КРЕСНЕНСКО-РАЗЛОЖКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ ПРЕЗ ПОГЛЕДА НА ДАСКАЛ АТАНАС ОТ БАНСКО Лизбет Любенова .181 НЯКОИ ДРАМАТИЧНИ СЪБИТИЯ В ГРАД МЕХОМИЯ (ДН. РАЗЛОГ), ЗАПОЧНАЛИ В НАЧАЛОТО НА 1879 г. Илия Тантилов .191 НАЦИОНАЛНАТА ИДЕЯ ВЪВ ВЪНШНАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ - ПЕРИОДИЗАЦИЯ, ПРОБЛЕМИ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА Димитър Тюлеков .197 ЗАЩО МАКЕДОНИЯ?! Весела Трайкова .213 ЖЕНСКОТО ВЪОРЪЖЕНО УЧАСТИЕ В ПРОЯВИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО РЕВОЛЮЦИОННО ДВИЖЕНИЕ СЛЕД ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО И ПОСЛЕДВАЛИТЕ ВОЙНИ ЗА НАЦИОНАЛНО ОБЕДИНЕНИЕ (1877-1913) Георги Туртуриков, Тоня Турпгурикова .225 ПОЛИТИКАТА НА ВМОРО СПРЯМО ОБЩЕСТВЕНИЯ МОРАЛ И СОЦИАЛНО-ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИТЕ НОРМИ (1893-1912) Елена Александрова .249 ПОДПОРУЧИК ТОДОР ХРИСТОВ - НАЙ-МЛАДИЯТ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ОФИЦЕРСТВО В ИЛИНДЕНСКАТА ЕПОПЕЯ ОТ 1903 г. Снежана Радоева .269 УЧАСТИЕ НА ВОЙВОДАТА ПЕТЪР ЮРУКОВ В ИЛИНДЕНСКО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ ОТ 1903 г. Петър Ненков .285 ДВАМА ВИДНИ КОПРИВЩЕНЦИ, УЧАСТНИЦИ В ИЛИНДЕНСКО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ Райна Каблешкова .297 ИЛИНДЕНСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ И ПЕРУЩИЦА Неизвестното за известната личност на Никола Равашола и сред перущинци дори, родовата им памет Креса Стоянова .305 ПОСРЕЩАНЕ НА БЕЖАНЦИТЕ ОТ МАКЕДОНИЯ И ОДРИНСКО ВЪВ ВАРНЕНСКО ПРЕЗ 1903-1904 г. Генади Генадиев .313 НЯКОИ ПОПРАВКИ ОТНОСНО СЪДБАТА НА КОСТУРСКАТА ЧЕТА НА ВОЙВОДАТА ХРИСТО ЦВЕТКОВ И УЧАСТИЕТО Й В СРАЖЕНИЕТО НА НОЖОТ И ВПОСЛЕДСТВИЕ Марио Цветков .323 ЧУЖДИ ФИНАНСИ И ИНВЕСТИЦИИ - ПРИМЕРИ ОТ ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИЯ ЖИВОТ НА БАЛКАНИТЕ (1878-1913) Сия Никифорова .343 СЪЗДАВАНЕ НА БЪЛГАРО-АМЕРИКАНСКИ МАКЕДОНСКИ КОМИТЕТ В САЩ ПРЕЗ 1904 г. Светлана Дяконова .357 ОБЩИНСКОТО ДЕЛО В СОЛУН (1904-1906) ПРЕЗ ПОГЛЕДА НА ЕВТИМ СПРОСТРАНОВ Росица Лелъова .371 РАННИТЕ ВЪЗГЛЕДИ НА АЛЕКСАНДЪР ЦАНКОВ ПО МАКЕДОНСКИЯ ВЪПРОС Петър К. Петров .385 БАЛКАНСКИЕ ВОЙНЫ И РОССИЙСКАЯ ЛЕВОРАДИКАЛЬНАЯ МЫСЛЬ Игор Гребенкин .391 БЪЛГАРИЯ И ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИТЕ ХОДОВЕ НА РУСИЯ И АВСТРО-УНГАРИЯ ПРЕДИ И ПО ВРЕМЕ НА МИРНАТА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ В БУКУРЕЩ ПРЕЗ 1913 ГОДИНА Ярослав Рубаха .399 БЪЛГАРИЯ ПО ВРЕМЕ НА ВТОРАТА БАЛКАНСКА ВОЙНА СПОРЕД РЕПОРТАЖИТЕ НА ВЕСТНИК „ПОЗНАНСКИ ДНЕВНИК" (ЮНИ - АВГУСТ 1913 ГОДИНА) Анджей Малиновски .417 БАЛКАНИТЕ И ГОЛЕМИТЕ ФАКТОРИ В ЕВРОПЕЙСКАТА ПОЛИТИКА ПО ВРЕМЕ НА БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ВОЙНИ (1912-1913) Кирил Алексиев .431 ОСМАНОТУРСКИ ВОЕННИ КАРТИ ОТ БАЛКАНСКАТА ВОЙНА Румяна Донева .445 ПРОПАГАНДАТА И ВОЙНАТА ОТ 1912-1913 ГОДИНА Иванка Петкова. 449 БЪЛГАРСКАТА ОФАНЗИВА В ИЗТОЧНА ТРАКИЯ ПРЕЗ ЕСЕНТА НА 1912 г. - РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОПУСНАТИ ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ Слави Славов .461 БОЙНИТЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ НА СЕДМА РИЛСКА ПЕХОТНА ДИВИЗИЯ ПО ВРЕМЕ НА БАЛКАНСКАТА ВОЙНА ПРЕЗ ПОГЛЕДА НА ВОЕННИЯ КОРЕСПОНДЕНТ ГЕОРГИ ТАКОВ ПЕЕВ Георги Радославов .475 8 УЧАСТИЕТО НА СЕДМА РИЛСКА ПЕХОТНА ДИВИЗИЯ В МЕЖДУСЪЮЗНИЧЕСКАТА ВОЙНА ПРЕЗ 1913 г. Иван Хаджийски .499 ЕПОПЕЯТА НА 12-И ПЕХОТЕН БАЛКАНСКИ ПОЛК ПРИ МАСИВА ПОВИЕН ПРЕЗ МЕЖДУСЪЮЗНИЧЕСКАТА ВОЙНА Ангел Динев .527 СПОМЕНИ НА ЕВТИМ ЯНКУЛОВ ЗА БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ВОЙНИ И ОХРИДСКО-ДЕБЪРСКОТО ВЪСТАНИЕ (1912-1913) Георги Н. Георгиев .541 ДОКУМЕНТИ НА АНДРЕЙ МАЦАНОВ - УЧАСТНИК В ЧЕТАТА НА ТОДОР ОРОВЧАНОВ В БАЛКАНСКАТА ВОЙНА Красимир Петров .555 МЕЖДУ НАПИСАНО И ПРЕЖИВЯНО: ДНЕВНИК-ТЕТРАДКА НА ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОР КОНСТАНТИН ЖОСТОВ, ВОДЕН В ПЕРИОДА 16 МАРТ 1913 - 12 МАРТ 1914 г. Снежана Захариева, Кирил Алексиев .563 ВНУТРЕННЯЯ МАКЕДОНО-ОДРИНСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ НА РАСПУТЬЕ: ПОИСКИ ПУТЕЙ РЕШЕНИЯ БОЛГАРСКОГО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВОПРОСА В МАКЕДОНИИ НАКАНУНЕ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ Дмитрий Лабаури .577 БЪЛГАРСКИЯТ КИНОЛЕТОПИС ОТ НАЧАЛОТО НА XX ВЕК - „ЕДИН ВИСОК ПАТРИОТИЧЕН ЖЕСТ" КЪМ КУЛТУРНАТА И НАЦИОНАЛНАТА НИ ИСТОРИЯ Михаела Василева .599 „СЪВЕСТТА НА МАНЧЕСТЪР" - АНГЕЛ ЙОСИФОВ ОТ ВАРНА И БОРБИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ ЗА НАЦИОНАЛНО ОБЕДИНЕНИЕ (1903-1913) Ани Златева .627 УЧАСТИЕТО НА ОПЪЛЧЕНЦИТЕ В ИЗГРАЖДАНЕТО НА СЛЕДОСВОБОЖДЕНСКА БЪЛГАРИЯ Златина Чорева .639 ПРОСЛАВЕНИ БЪЛГАРСКИ ГЕНЕРАЛИ, СВЪРЗАНИ РОДСТВЕНО С ВЪЛЧАН ВОЙВОДА Тодор Билчев, Надежда Цветкова, Никола Бенин .649 СЪДБАТА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНИТЕ ДОГОВОРИ В ПЕРИОДА 1878-1919 г. Виктор Рогозенски .657 БЪЛГАРИЯ И ЮЖНИТЕ ПРИМОРСКИ ОБЛАСТИ ПРЕЗ ВТОРОТО ДЕСЕТИЛЕТИЕ НА XX ВЕК - НАЧИН НА УПОТРЕБА Румен Караганев .665 СЪДБАТА НА ФИЛМА „МАКЕДОНИЯ" (1923-1924) Петър Кърджилов .671 ФОТОГРАФСКИ МАТЕРИАЛИ ЗА ЖИВОТА И ДЕЙНОСТТА НА ПОЛКОВНИК ПЕТЪР ДЪРВИНГОВ, СЪХРАНЯВАНИ В НАУЧНИЯ АРХИВ НА БАН (Съставяне на частичен опис за периода от 1892 г. до 30-те години на XX век) Ружа Симеонова, Чавдар Ветов .695 СПОМЕНИ, СНИМКИ И ДОКУМЕНТИ ЗА ИЛИНДЕНСКОТО И КРЪСТОВДЕНСКО ВЪСТАНИЕ, СЪХРАНЕНИ ВЪВ ФОНДА НА ОБЩИНСКИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ МУЗЕЙ - ГР. ГОЦЕ ДЕЛЧЕВ Спаска Паскова .713 АВТОРИ .717 10 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Trendafil Mitev .17 110 YEARS OF THE ILINDEN-PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING - SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES Alexander Grebenarov .33 ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE INSURRECTION ARMY IN 1903 Todor Petrov .41 THE SECRET OFFICER BROTHERHOODS IN THE PREPARATION AND THE CONDUCT OF ILLINDEN-PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING Svetlozar Eldarov .49 FLAGS FROM THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT AND UPRISINGS IN MACEDONIA AND EASTERN THRACE Ivan Ivanov .73 BELGIAN JOURNAL "LA RÉFORME'* FOR ILLINDEN- PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING IN 1903 Violeta Kostova. 97 BULGARIAN CENTRAL CHARITY ORGANIZATION AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL IN BUCHAREST (NOVEMBER 1876) Daniela Vichkova .105 GENERAL MICHAEL D. SKOBELEVS CONTRIBUTION FOR THE VICTORIES OF RUSSIAN ARMY IN THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR (1877-1878) Trendafil Mitev .125 11 RUSSIAN DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE LIBERATION OF GORNA DJUMAYA DURING THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR (1877-1878) Ivan Petrov .145 THE FIGHTING SPIRIT OF GODLEV'S CITIZENS IN RUSSO- TURKISH WAR AND THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH Hristina Mánova .159 HALF-FORGOTTEN NAMES: THE PRIEST OF BUFF - VOIVODE IN KRESNA-RAZLOG UPRISING Marina Frolowa .165 KRESNA-RAZLOG UPRISING THROUGH THE EYES OF TEACHER ATAÑAS FROM BANSKO Lizbet Lyubenova .181 SOME DRAMATIC EVENTS IN THE TOWN MEHOMIA (AT PRESENT - RAZLOG), STARTED EARLY 1879 IliaTantilov .191 NATIONAL IDEA IN BULGARIAN FOREIGN POLICY - PERIODIZATION, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Dimitar Tjulekov .197 WHY MACEDONIA?! Vessela Trajkova .213 THE ARMED FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN THE EVENTS OF THE BULGARIAN REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT AFTER THE LIBERATION AND THE SUBSEQUENT WARS FOR NATIONAL UNIFICATION (1877-1913) Georgi Turturikov, Tonya Turturikova .:.225 THE POLICY OF THE INTERNAL MACEDONO AND ADRIANOPLE REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION TOWARD COMMON MORAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUES (1893-1912) Elena Alexandrova .249 12 LIEUTENANT TODOR HRISTOV - THE YOUNGEST REPRESENTATIVE OF THE BULGARIAN OFFICERS IN THE ILLINDEN EPOPEE OF 1903 Snejhana Radoeva .269 PARTICIPATION OF VOIVODE PETER YURUKOV IN THE ILLINDEN-PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING OF 1903 Petar Nenkov .285 TWO PROMINENT CITIZENS OF KOPRIVSHTITSA, PARTICIPANTS IN ILLINDEN-PREOBRAZHENIE UPRISING Rajna Kableshkova .297 ILINDEN UPRISING AND PERUSHTITZA THE UNKNOWN, EVEN TO PERUSHTITSA CITIZENS, FOR THE OTHERWISE WELL- KNOWN PERSON NICOLA RAVASHOLA, THEIR GENERIC MEMORY Kresa Stoyanova .305 RECEPTION OF REFUGEES FROM MACEDONIA AND THE REGION OF ADRIANOPLE IN VARNA REGION IN 1903-1904 Genadi Genadiev .313 SOME CORRECTIONS ON THE FATE OF VOIVODE HRISTO TSVETKOV'S DETACHMENT FROM KOSTUR AND ITS PARTICIPATION IN THE BATTLE AT NOZHOT AND AFRERWARDS Mario Tsvetkov .323 FOREIGN FINANCE AND INVESTMENTS - EXAMPLES FROM THE BALKAN ECONOMIC LIFE (1878-1913) Sia Nikiforova .343 ESTABLISHMENT OF BULGARIAN-AMERICAN MACEDONIAN COMMITTEE IN U.S. IN 1904 Svetlana Dyakonova .357 MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS OF THESSALONIKI (1904-1906) THROUGH THE EYES OF EVTIM SPROSTRANOV Rositsa Lelyova .371 13 THE EARLY VIEWS OF ALEXANDAR TSANKOV ON THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION Peter K. Petrov .385 BALKAN WARS AND THE RUSSIAN RADICAL LEFT THOUGHT Igor Grebenkin .391 BULGARIA AND THE DEMARCHES OF RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA- HUNGARY BEFORE AND DURING THE PEACE CONFERENCE IN BUCHAREST IN 1913 Jaroslav Rubaha .399 BULGARIA DURING THE SECOND BALKAN WAR ACCORDING TO THE REPORTS OF NEWSPAPER "POZNAN DIARY" (JUNE-AUGUST 1913) Andzhey Malinovskí .417 THE BALKANS AND THE KEY FACTORS IN THE EUROPEAN POLICY DURING THE BALKAN WARS (1912-1913) KirilAlexiev .431 OTTOMAN-TURKISH MILITARY MAPS FROM THE BALKAN WAR Rumyana Doneva .445 THE PROPAGANDA AND THE WAR 1912-1913 Ivanka Pětková. 449 THE BULGARIAN OFFENCIVE IN EASTERN THRACE IN THE AUTUMN OF 1912 - REALIZATION AND LOST OPPORTUNITIES Slavi Slavov .461 THE WAR ACTIONS OF SEVENTH RILA INFANTRY DIVISION DURING THE BALKAN WAR THROUGH THE EYES OF THE WAR CORRESPONDENT GEORGI TAKOV PEEV Georgi Radoslavov .475 PARTICIPATION OF SEVENTH RILA INFANTRY DIVISION IN THE SECOND BALKAN WAR IN 1913 Ivan Hadjiiski .499 14 THE EPOPEE OF THE 12th INFANTRY BALKAN REGIMENT AT POVIEN MASSIVE IN THE SECOND BALKAN WAR Angel Dinev .527 MEMORIES OF EVTIM YANKULOV ON BALKAN WARS AND OHRID-DEBAR UPRISING (1912-1913) George N. Georgiev .541 DOCUMENTS OF ANDREY MATSANOV - PARTISIPANT IN THE DETACHMENT OF TODOR OROVCHANOV IN THE BALKAN WAR Krassimir Petrov . ^ .555 BETWEEN WRITTEN AND EXPERIENCED: DIARY-NOTEBOOK OF MAJOR GENERAL KONSTANTIN ZHOSTOV, LED DURING March 16, 1913 - March 12, 1914 Snezhana Zaharieva Kiril Alexiev .563 INTERNAL MACEDONIAN AND ADRIANOPLE REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION AT A CROSSROADS: THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTION OF THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL QUESTION IN MACEDONIA ON THE EVE OF WORLD WAR I Dmitry Labauri .577 BULGARIAN FILM-CHRONICLES FROM EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY - "A HIGHLY PATRIOTIC GESTURE" TOWARD OUR CULTURE AND NATIONAL HISTORY Mihaela Vasileva .599 "THE CONSCIENCE OF MANCHESTER" - ANGEL YOSIFOV FROM VARNA AND THE BULGARIAN STRUGGLES FOR NATIONAL UNITY (1903-1913) Annie Zlateva .627 THE PARTICIPATION OF VOLUNTEERS IN THE BUILDING OF LIBERATED BULGARIA Zlatina Choreva .639 15 FAMOUS BULGARIAN GENERALS, RELATED WITH KINSHIP TO VALCHAN VOYVODE Todor Bilchev, Nadezhda Tzvetkova Nicola Benin .,.649 THE FATE OF BULGARIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES FOR THE PERIOD 1878-1919 Victor Rogozenski .657 BULGARIA AND THE SOUTHERN SEASIDE REGIONS IN THE SECOND DECADE OF XXth CENTURY - METHOD OF USAGE Rumen Karaganev .665 THE FATE OF THE FILM "MACEDONIA" (1923-1924) Peter Kardjilov .671 PHOTOGTAPHS FOR THE LIFE AND ACTIVITIES OF COLONEL PETAR DARVINGOV, STORED IN THE SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVE, BAS (COMPILATION OF A PARTIAL INVENTORY FOR THE PERIOD 1892 TO THE 30s OF XX CENTURY) Ruzha Simeonova, Chavdar Vetov .695 MEMORIES, PHOTOS AND DOCUMENTS ABOUT THE ILLINDEN AND KRASTOVDEN UPRISINGS, STORED IN THE FUND OF THE MUNICIPAL HISTORICAL MUSEUM - GOTSE DELCHEV Spaska Paskova .713 LIST OF AUTHORS .717 16 INTRODUCTION Trendafil Mitev Bulgarian national idea emerged in the second part of the eighteenth century, when the era of the Bulgarian National Revival began. It was a vivid collective image, which was embedded as a basic concept in the structure of the first comprehensive modern ideology, developed by the political leaders of the nation. In substance, in its early phase of existence, Bulgarian national idea was a complex of political views about the need to achieve spiritual modernization of the Bulgarians, which should lead to their full emancipation and recognition as a separate nation within the Ottoman Empire. As a result, the prerequisites for the successful organization of the national liberation revolution should be created so that in the lands populated by Bulgarians their free and independent state should rise again. Therefore, the Bulgarian national idea in its essence is actually a premise for the rise of a fair democratic and modern European type of Balkan political program that has pure defensive functions, salutary for the people. It is not an element of some kind of an aggressive, conquest ideology! Its theorists and heralds in the real political process have never and on no occasion purported extension of their ideological and political influence (let alone a conquest) over foreign territories which were not populated by Bulgarians. For the achievement of the objectives set in the Bulgarian national idea, people and intelligentsia did wonders by exploits. This way objective situation was created, which allowed in the mid-1870s to start the practical laying of the foundations of the third Bulgarian State. It is important to outline all of this in order to make a clear distinction between the nature and purpose of the Bulgarian national idea and the aggressive surrogates of nationalism, whose embryos occur in the policy of more than one European state in the nineteenth and twentieth-centuries such as imperialism, chauvinism, racism, etc. With the Bulgarian national idea exactly the opposite spiritual dimensions may be observed. Its leading ingredients are the views of Slavic reciprocity, the willingness to bestow active support to neighbours in the course of their own national liberation movements, as 25 Trendafil Mitev well as the projects for understanding and cooperation between the States - ideas that were displayed by the Bulgarian revival figures to the level of even specific Federal political projects. Even the possibility of creating a dualistic Bulgarian-Turkish state was considered! The Bulgarian national idea, however, evolved in a complex and dramatically changing conditions on the Balkans. First of all, it was conceived in the context of lack of statehood and Bulgarian people was still within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, it was not supported by any institution and became an easy target for attacks from multiple and difficult to control factors. Secondly, a crucial role in the fate of the Bulgarian national idea played the geopolitical position of the Bulgarian lands. A large Slavic state, built in the center of the Balkans, with eventual outlet to Aegean, in the nineteenth century was conceived as a nation-threatening factor for the neighboring states, and for the interests of some of the most influential great powers in Western Europe, especially for Great Britain. The waterways to the Empires overseas territories intersected in the Mediterranean. A Slavic outlet in this region of the old continent was considered as a perspective of "many unknowns" by the Government in London. These circumstances gave rise to a series of strong opposition, which proved to be a powerful obstacle to the full realization of the objectives marked by the Bulgarian national idea during the National Revival period. The Bulgarian national idea got an extra set of opponents in Europe due to the crucial role of the Russian participation in the establishment of the Bulgarian State as well. Concerns emerged, regarding the possibilities what role a strong and loyal partner of Russia could play in the Middle East policy. The fears were that in an expression of gratitude to the Liberator, official Sofia would coordinate its plans with Petersburg's strategy for foreign policy. To eliminate that possibility, during the Congress of Berlin (June-July 1878), the unjust Treaty of Berlin was created. According to the text of this international diktat, Bulgarian nation was brutally divided - due to its geopolitical location, and because of a presumed Russophile line in its foreign policy. The most important objective historical reason for this, however, should still be found in the weakness of the Bulgarian national bourgeoisie, formed in the nineteenth century. It proved to be unprepared to ensure sufficient resource to provide a powerful, independent nation liberating revolution. So the Bulgarian people would resolve their revival problems with their own resources - a perspective, which would significantly change the role of the external factor in the fate of the Bulgarian people. As a result of the circumstances identified, external factors made impossible the achievement of the fair and democratic objectives laid down by the Bulgarian national idea since the dawn of the Renaissance. 26 Introduction Because of the Great Powers intervention in the final laying of the foundations of the modern Bulgarian state, after the Congress of Berlin, substantial evolving in the Bulgarian national idea was necessary. Practically, since 1878, the idea of completing the national liberation has become a fundamental base for the second national political doctrine, developed and implemented by the Bulgarians in the modern history. Liberation of the Bulgarians that remained outside the Principality of Bulgaria by a successful national unification of the forcibly fragmented nation became its main political objective. Why even in these dimensions was Bulgarian national unifying idea a fair and pronouncedly human political platform, which became a top priority for the nation and its intellectuals? There were many and objective reasons for that. Arranged in a certain chronology, the main could be exemplified by the sequence: - The Treaty of Berlins decisions with establishing a vassal Principality of Bulgaria as well as an autonomous region of Eastern Rumelia (within the Ottoman Empire) , returning of Macedonia to the Sultan, transferring Northern Dobrudja to Romania and the Moravian region to Serbia, actually created five "political atoms" of the Bulgarian historical lands. Thus a new difficulty emerged for the Bulgarian opportunity to survive as an independent, national community in the Balkans, with its specific design and specific interests. - The fragmentation of the Bulgarian national integrity undermined the possibility for development of a unitary spiritual life of the people. Since 1878, only in the field of education, appeared and started functioning five different school systems through which younger generations had to go. Analogical seemed to be the situation concerning the risks which emerged for the possibility of distribution of books in Bulgarian language, periodicals, as well as for the chance Bulgarians to be able to experience the beneficial influence of their native orthodox church. - With the imposition of the Berlin decisions, Bulgarian national market was fatally fragmented. Within the boundaries of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia customs were placed! The labour resources of the nation were fragmented. Tax and duty funds started flowing into five different treasuries. Natural resources, water resources as well as the possibility of complementation of all resources among different climatic zones to provide a permanent, progressive development of the national economy were divided. - Certain lands south of Strandja and the Rhodope mountains, inhabited by Bulgarians, after 1878 faced the real danger of becoming victims of a national genocide. That is why the idea of an organized struggle for national unity became the first precondition for ensuring the fate of the Bulgarians in perspective. 27 Trendafil Mitev In what directions the energy of nationwide efforts to achieve the objectives of the Bulgarian national unifying idea was focused? First and foremost, on an official state level. The problem about the importance of national unification was clearly stated by all the governments of the Principality of Bulgaria after it was established. As a result, they started to work actively for acquainting the European governments and public opinion abroad with the nature and importance of the Bulgarian national unification problem. Authorities in Bulgaria met and saved the lives of many thousands of emigrants from Macedonia, Thrace and Dobrudja. The executive prepared the state institutions in every respect to protect the Bulgarian people from outside encroachments. The Unification between Northern and Southern Bulgaria was carried out boldly and with sagacity, and in 1908 the protection of Bulgarian national independence was secured. Within the borders of Bulgaria opportunities to work were given to immigrant political organizations that protected the interests of Bulgarians who had remained under foreign rule. As a result, free Bulgaria became the main support and a crucial factor to ensure the possibility for existence and manifestation of all other factors and forms of activity and struggle associated with efforts to resolve the Bulgarian national unification problem. Secondly as a powerful factor engaged in Bulgarian unifying idea, acted the democratic political parties in Bulgaria. All they fixed the main aspects of the problem in their own political agendas. When in power - the parties worked to support the national cause practically. And something that is important to emphasize in particular: as a rule, next party in power tried above all to continue and build on the efforts of the previous political force. As a result of this activity, Bulgarian political parties contributed to the achievement of an important internal social consensus on national unifying theme. In this way, the important moral and political unity of the people was secured, which became an important requirement for the realization of the main initiatives in unifying national policy. Very important (in the full sense of the word unique and irreplaceable) factor, involved in the efforts of implementing the Bulgarian national unifying idea, were the legal patriotic and revolutionary organizations, established by representatives of the oppressed part of the Bulgarian people. Especially significant were the activities implemented by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO) and its legal partner - Macedonian-Adrianople brotherhoods headed by the Supreme Committee in Sofia. For three decades, these traditional structures with 28 Introduction their decisive initiatives kept awake the spirit and national identity of the oppressed part of the Bulgarian population, defended the right to exist of their institutions - Exarchate, schools, community centers and monasteries, protected the lives and property of the population. They staged four uprisings (of Kresna-Razlog (1878-1879), of Melnik (1895), of Gorna Djoumaya (1902), and of Hinden (1903). In this way they constantly proved to the world that the Bulgarians which were forcibly torn from the free part of their homeland, also considered their freedom and hence the national unity as a primary task for resolving. Powerful spiritual factor and irreplaceable engine of efforts to resolve the Bulgarian national unification problem was the peoples intelligentsia. Articles in Bulgarian and foreign periodicals were published, containing clarifying issues related to practical efforts for resolving the Bulgarian problem. Professors organized periodical tours to the capitals of the great powers, where "on the spot" offered additional detailed explanations of the nature of the situation. Teachers in public schools taught the truth about the Bulgarian historical fate and provided proper patriotic education to adolescent generations of Bulgarians. It was the intelligentsia again that developed conceptual-theoretical foundations for the programs that guided governments and activists of the national liberation movement. As a result, there remained not a single major representative of the Bulgarian science and culture, who to some extent (and in a certain way) was not connected to and had not given his personal contribution to the national efforts to resolve the problem of unification of the fragmented Bulgarian people. Bulgarian national idea would have been an aim with no future if it was not accepted and thoroughly supported by the Bulgarian people. In the full sense of the word, it was the people who took it and made it their main commitment. Exactly because of this, people took part in the four already mentioned uprisings. With its heroism, it was the people who won the Serbo- Bulgarian War and maintained the Unification. The people served in the ranks of the Bulgarian army, where it prepared itself, so that in the year 1912-1913 to inflict a crushing defeat on the Ottoman Empire. In this sense, the Bulgarian people was the main driving force - the source of energy and power that realized true results in the nationwide effort to solve the national unifying cause. The Bulgarian national unifying idea enjoyed the sympathy and support of the Slavic peoples and the honest representatives of the democratic European intelligentsia. Among the Russians and the Czechs, the Croats and the Poles scientists, journalists and public figures worked to inform objectively 29 Trendafil Mitev their communities of the truth about the "Bulgarian affairs". In fact, this was how the favorable external factor came into being, which also supported at times by government initiatives, offered exceptionally vital international conditions to the efforts connected to the unifying national struggle. What actually was achieved during the Bulgarian national movement? - Northern and Southern Bulgaria were successfully united, which removed the greatest dangers to the future of the Bulgarian people. - Bulgaria managed to preserve the Exarchate as a spiritual unifier of the Bulgarian people. By 1912 she played a historical role in preserving the Bulgarian Orthodox churches in Macedonia and Thrace. Under its care Bulgarian national school survived as well as the opportunity for Bulgarian press to be issued outside free Bulgaria (newspaper "News"). Moreover - in the 1880s, with the active help of Bulgaria, the school system in the torn parts of the Bulgarian territory even evolved in a positive direction. In Thessaloniki and Adrianople Bulgarian high schools were established which became the main factor for the formation of patriotic Bulgarian intelligentsia outside the borders of the free fatherland. - Thanks to these successes, within the boundaries of the enslaved Bulgarian lands grew a powerful section of intelligentsia with clear Bulgarian national consciousness: Damian Gruev, Gotse Delchev, Dr. Christo Tatartchev, Todor Alexandrov and thousands of their followers were spiritual children of the Bulgarian cultural institutions in Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, who acted in the enslaved areas and directed the efforts to implement the national unity. - On this basis, clear Bulgarian consciousness was preserved in the severed parts of the Bulgarian people until the end of World War II. - The vassal status of Bulgaria in respect to the Ottoman Empire was successfully rejected. Thus the preconditions for the development of normal relations with all countries were created. - During the Balkan War Bulgaria played a decisive role in the political and military defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which in an unprecedented way eliminated the external threats to the Bulgarian people and its immediate neighbours. - A success was the liberation of the Pirin region and the Rhodope area, with whose integration Bulgaria further stabilized its opportunities to develop as a free and independent state. 30 Introduction The Bulgarian national unifying idea, however, remained not fully realized! Again the reasons are many and intricately interwoven. The main could be grouped into three major ones: First, because of the mistakes made by the governments that ruled in Sofia during the period of 1912-1918. Second, because of the unprecedented resurgence of the Balkan nationalisms that confronted Christian states on the Balkans against each other in bloody destructive wars. Third, because of the dramatic changes in the international relations in the first half of the twentieth century which, as a rule, raised and established qualitatively new approaches toward the peoples and states in the Balkan Peninsula. This set of problems traditionally has been a subject of sustained interest on the part of the Bulgarian historical science. However, not all is investigated thoroughly enough. Not all publicly beneficial conclusions have been made. That is why, with the active support of the National Organizing Committee, the Institute for Historical Studies of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Macedonian Scientific Institute in Sofia, the Military Academy "G. S. Rakovski" and the Regional Historical Museum of Blagoevgrad, an international conference on "110 Years from the Hinden -Preobrazhenie Uprising and the Bulgarian National Idea from San Stefano to Bucharest (1878-1913)" was organized. It was dedicated to the 135th anniversary of the Liberation of Bulgaria, 120 years since the establishment of the IM ARO, the 110th anniversary of the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising and 100 years of the Balkan wars. The ambition of the organizers was to provide a platform for the Bulgarian academic potential to give new collective contribution to the clarification of important, but yet not comprehensively enough studied aspects of scientific problems. In this way new gaps in the knowledge of contemporary Bulgarian society, concerning the role and importance that the national idea has played in the development of the entire Bulgarian society in new and modern time, would be filled. 31
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spelling	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g. Institut za Istoričeski Izsledvanija - BAN ... [Săst.: Trendafil Mitev ...] 1. izd. Sofija 2014 718 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Einf. bulg. und engl. Geschichte 1878-1913 gnd rswk-swf Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd rswk-swf Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2013 Sofia gnd-content Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 s Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 s Geschichte 1878-1913 z DE-604 Mitev, Trendafil 1950- Sonstige (DE-588)103582673 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027401485&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027401485&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g. Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4156614-2 (DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4008866-2 (DE-588)1071861417
title	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g.
title_auth	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g.
title_exact_search	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g.
title_full	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g. Institut za Istoričeski Izsledvanija - BAN ... [Săst.: Trendafil Mitev ...]
title_fullStr	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g. Institut za Istoričeski Izsledvanija - BAN ... [Săst.: Trendafil Mitev ...]
title_full_unstemmed	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913) sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g. Institut za Istoričeski Izsledvanija - BAN ... [Săst.: Trendafil Mitev ...]
title_short	110 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobraženskoto văstanie i bălgarskata nacionala ideja ot San Stefano do Bukurešt (1878-1913)
title_sort	110 godini ot ilindensko preobrazenskoto vastanie i balgarskata nacionala ideja ot san stefano do bukurest 1878 1913 sbornik dokladi ot mezdunarodna naucna konferencija sofija blagoevgrad 2 4 oktomvri 2013 g
title_sub	sbornik dokladi ot meždunarodna naučna konferencija, Sofija - Blagoevgrad, 2 - 4 oktomvri 2013 g.
topic	Entstehung (DE-588)4156614-2 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd
topic_facet	Entstehung Staat Bulgarien Konferenzschrift 2013 Sofia
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027401485&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027401485&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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