Particle physics:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Heidelberg [u.a.]
Springer
2014
|
| Series: | Graduate Texts in Physics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 529 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783642386602 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kamal, Ahmad Anwar |d 1934-2011 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1058769340 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Particle physics |c Anwar Kamal |
| 264 | 1 | |a Heidelberg [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 529 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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1 NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS 1
1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF DETECTORS 1
1.2 IONIZATION CHAMBERS 3
1.2.1 IONIZATION CHAMBERS 3
1.2.2 PULSE CHAMBERS 3
1.2.3 GAS-FILLED PULSE COUNTER 4
1.2.4 VARIATION OF PULSE SIZES 5
1.3 PROPORTIONAL COUNTER 7
1.3.1 CONSTRUCTION 7
1.4 GEIGER MULLER COUNTER 7
1.4.1 CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS 7
1.4.2 PULSE FORMATION AND DECAY 9
1.4.3 QUENCHING THE DISCHARGE 10
1.4.4 SCALING CIRCUITS 12
1.5 RESOLVING TIME 12
1.5.1 DETERMINATION OF RESOLVING TIME:
DOUBLE SOURCE METHOD 13
1.6 RESOLVING TIME OF A COINCIDENCE CIRCUIT 14
1.6.1 DETERMINATION OF THE RESOLVING TIME
OF THE COINCIDENCE CIRCUIT 14
1.7 SEMI-CONDUCTOR PARTICLE DETECTORS 19
1.7.1 RESOLUTION 19
1.7.2 REVERSED BIASED P-N JUNCTION PARTICLE DETECTOR 19
1.7.3 ADVANTAGES 21
1.7.4 APPLICATIONS 22
1.7.5 DISADVANTAGES 22
1.8 NEUTRON DETECTORS 23
1.8.1 PRINCIPLE 23
1.8.2 DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF NEUTRON DETECTORS 24
1.8.3 SLOW NEUTRON DETECTORS 24
1.8.4 FISSION DETECTORS 27
XI
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1034226967
XII CONTENTS
1.8.5 FAST NEUTRON DETECTORS 27
1.8.6 TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS 28
1.9 SCINTILLATION COUNTER 29
1.9.1 CONSTRUCTION 29
1.9.2 MECHANISM 30
1.9.3 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF LUMINESCENT MATERIALS . 30
1.9.4 ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS 30
1.9.5 INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS 31
1.9.6 PHOTO-MULTIPLIER (PM) CHARACTERISTICS 32
1.9.7 LIGHT COLLECTION 32
1.9.8 BACKGROUND 32
1.9.9 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 33
1.9.10 GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY WITH NAL (TL) SCINTILLATOR . . 33
1.9.11 APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES 36
1.10 CERENKOV COUNTERS 38
1.10.1 FOCUSING TYPE (ANGULAR SELECTION COUNTERS) 38
1.10.2 VELOCITY RESOLUTION [||] 40
1.10.3 NON-FOCUSING COUNTERS 40
1.10.4 TOTAL SHOWER ABSORPTION CERENKOV COUNTER 41
1.10.5 ADVANTAGES 41
1.10.6 DISADVANTAGES 42
1.11 PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS 43
1.11.1 COMPOSITION 43
1.11.2 LATENT IMAGE 43
1.11.3 PROCESSING 43
1.11.4 TECHNIQUES 44
1.11.5 ADVANTAGES 46
1.11.6 LIMITATIONS 47
1.11.7 DISCOVERIES MADE WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS . 48
1.12 EXPANSION CLOUD CHAMBER 49
1.12.1 PRINCIPLE 49
1.12.2 THE STABILITY OF CHARGED DROPS 49
1.12.3 CHOICE OF PRESSURE 51
1.12.4 CHOICE OF GAS 51
1.12.5 CURVATURE MEASUREMENTS 52
1.12.6 MULTIPLATE CHAMBER 52
1.12.7 COUNTER CONTROL 52
1.12.8 TEMPERATURE CONTROL 52
1.12.9 EXPANSION SPEED 52
1.12.10 RECYCLING TIME 53
1.12.11 DISCOVERIES 53
1.13 DIFFUSION CLOUD CHAMBER 53
1.13.1 PRINCIPLE 53
1.13.2 CHOICE OF LIQUID VAPOR 55
1.13.3 CHOICE OF GAS 55
CONTENTS X "
1.13.4 OPERATING TEMPERATURES 55
1.13.5 CLEARING FIELDS 55
1.13.6 MAGNETIC FIELD 56
1.13.7 PHOTOGRAPHY 56
1.13.8 ADVANTAGES 56
1.13.9 LIMITATIONS 57
1.13.10 DISCOVERIES 58
1.14 BUBBLE CHAMBER
1
58
1.14.1 PRINCIPLE 58
1.14.2 BUBBLE CHAMBER LIQUIDS 58
1.14.3 CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE 59
1.14.4 MAGNETIC FIELD 59
1.14.5 TRACK DISTORTION 60
1.14.6 NUMBER OF TRACKS PER PICTURE 60
1.14.7 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICLES 60
1.14.8 ADVANTAGES 61
1.14.9 LIMITATIONS 62
1.14.10 DISCOVERIES 63
1.15 SPARK CHAMBER 63
1.15.1 PRINCIPLE 63
1.15.2 MECHANISM OF THE SPARK DISCHARGE 63
1.15.3 DETECTION EFFICIENCY 63
1.15.4 TIME RESOLUTION 64
1.15.5 SPATIAL RESOLUTION 65
1.15.6 EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS 65
1.15.7 RECOVERY TIME 65
1.15.8 GAS COMPOSITION 65
1.15.9 CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION 66
1.15.10 TRACKS INCLINED TO THE ELECTRIC FIELD 66
1.15.11 APPLICATIONS 66
1.15.12 DISADVANTAGES 67
1.15.13 DISCOVERIES 67
1.16 CALORIMETERS 68
1.16.1 INTRODUCTION 68
1.16.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETERS 68
1.16.3 HADRON-SHOWER CALORIMETERS 71
1.17 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES USED IN HIGH
ENERGY PHYSICS 72
1.18 QUESTIONS 72
1.19 PROBLEMS 75
REFERENCES 78
2 HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATORS 79
2.1 INTRODUCTION 79
2.2 ELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATORS 79
XIV CONTENTS
2.3 HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATORS 79
2.4 CYCLIC ACCELERATORS 80
2.5 CYCLOTRON ACCELERATOR 80
2.5.1 ENERGY LIMIT 82
2.5.2 FRINGING FIELD 84
2.6 SYNCHROCYCLOTRON 85
2.6.1 PHASE STABILITY IN CIRCULAR MOTION 85
2.6.2 NUMBER OF ORBITS 91
2.7 AVF (AZIMUTHALLY VARYING FIELD) CYCLOTRON 91
2.8 SYNCHROTRON 93
2.8.1 PROTON SYNCHROTRON 93
2.8.2 ELECTRON SYNCHROTRON 99
2.9 BETATRON 100
2.10 LINEAR ACCELERATORS 103
2.10.1 PRINCIPLE 103
2.10.2 TOTAL LENGTH 104
2.10.3 PHASE STABILITY 104
2.10.4 RADIAL FOCUSING 105
2.11 ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATORS 106
2.12 COLLIDING BEAM ACCELERATORS 107
2.12.1 COOLING IN
P~P
COLLIDERS 109
2.13 FIXED TARGET ACCELERATORS 110
2.13.1 ADVANTAGES 110
2.13.2 DISADVANTAGES ILL
2.14 COLLIDERS ILL
2.14.1 ADVANTAGES ILL
2.14.2 DISADVANTAGES ILL
2.15 QUESTIONS 122
2.16 PROBLEMS 123
REFERENCES 126
3 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 127
3.1 CONCEPTS AND NOMENCLATURE 127
3.1.1 ISO-SPIN 128
3.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 129
3.3 DISCOVERY AND PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 135
3.3.1 NEUTRON 135
3.4 POSITRON 138
3.4.1 DISCOVERY 138
3.4.2 SOURCES 139
3.4.3 POSITRONIUM 140
3.5 MUON 140
3.5.1 DISCOVERY 140
3.5.2 MASS 141
3.5.3 LIFETIME 142
CONTENTS
XV
3.5.4 /X-DECAY SPECTRUM 143
3.5.5 PRODUCTION 144
3.5.6 INTERACTIONS 144
3.5.7 MUON SCATTERING 145
3.5.8 CATALYTIC REACTIONS 145
3.5.9 ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT 145
3.5.10 SPIN 145
3.6 PIONS
1
146
3.6.1 DISCOVERY 146
3.6.2 ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF PIONS 147
3.6.3 THRESHOLD FOR SINGLE PION PRODUCTION
IN N-N
COLLISIONS 149
3.6.4 DECAY 150
3.6.5 MASS 151
3.6.6 MEAN LIFE TIME 152
3.6.7 SPIN 153
3.6.8 ISOSPIN (T)
OF PION 155
3.6.9 PRIMAKOFF EFFECT 155
3.7 ANTIPROTON 156
3.7.1 DISCOVERY 156
3.7.2 CHARGE 157
3.7.3 MASS 158
3.7.4 PRODUCTION IN PAIRS 158
3.7.5 DECAY CONSTANT 158
3.7.6 LSOTOPIC SPIN 158
3.7.7 ANNIHILATION 159
3.7.8 INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS 159
3.7.9 ELASTIC SCATTERING 160
3.7.10 STRANGE PARTICLE PRODUCTION 161
3.7.11 ANTI-NEUTRONS 161
3.7.12 ANTIBARYONS 161
3.8 STRANGE PARTICLES 162
3.8.1 PRODUCTION 162
3.8.2 TF
+
-MESONS (KAONS) 163
3.8.3 /F~-MESONS 166
3.8.4 H HYPERONS 169
3.8.5 YL-HYPERON 171
3.8.6 CASCADE HYPERON (S) 172
3.8.7 HYPERFRAGMENTS 173
3.8.8 S2~ (OMEGA MINUS) HYPERON 175
3.9 NEUTRINO 177
3.9.1 INTRODUCTION 177
3.9.2 THE EXPERIMENTAL DISCOVERY 178
3.9.3 EXPERIMENT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT NEUTRINO
AND ANTINEUTRINO ARC DIFFERENT PARTICLES 179
XVI CONTENTS
3.9.4 MUON NEUTRINO (V^) IS DIFFERENT FROM ELECTRON
NEUTRINO (V
E
) 179
3.9.5 MASS OF NEUTRINO 180
3.9.6 CHARGE 181
3.9.7 SPIN 181
3.9.8 QUANTUM NUMBERS FOR LEPTONS 181
3.9.9 HELICITY 182
3.9.10 NEUTRINO SOURCES 182
3.9.11 INTERACTIONS OF NEUTRINOS 184
3.10 QUESTIONS 202
3.11 PROBLEMS 204
REFERENCES 208
4 CONSERVATION LAWS AND INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES 209
4.1 FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS 209
4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 212
4.3 CONSERVATION LAWS 213
4.3.1 CHARGE (Q/E)
CONSERVATION 214
4.3.2 BARYON NUMBER (B) CONSERVATION 214
4.3.3 LEPTON CONSERVATION 214
4.3.4 ENERGY (E)
CONSERVATION 215
4.3.5 LINEAR MOMENTUM CONSERVATION 216
4.3.6 ANGULAR MOMENTUM CONSERVATION 216
4.3.7 ISOTOPIC SPIN (ISOSPIN OR ISOBARIC SPIN) 216
4.4 STRANGENESS 224
4.5 ISOTOPIC SPIN AND STRANGENESS CONSERVATION 225
4.6 INVARIANCE AND CONSERVATION LAWS 228
4.7 INVARIANCE AND OPERATORS 229
4.7.1 TRANSLATION 230
4.7.2 ROTATIONS 230
4.7.3 ISOSPIN SYMMETRY 231
4.8 PARITY 235
4.8.1 PARITY OF PARTICLES 236
4.8.2 PARITY OF A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES 236
4.8.3 CONSERVATION OF PARITY IN EM AND STRONG INTERACTIONS . . 237
4.8.4 CONSERVATION OF PARITY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
AND LAPORTE RULE 239
4.8.5 DETERMINATION OF PARITY OF NEGATIVE PIONS 239
4.8.6 PARITY OF STRANGE PARTICLES 241
4.8.7 THE ISOSPIN VERSUS PARITY 242
4.9 SPIN OF NEUTRAL PION 242
4.10 CHARGE CONJUGATION (C) 244
4.10.1 INVARIANCE OF C IN STRONG INTERACTIONS 245
4.10.2 INVARIANCE OF C IN ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS 245
4.10.3 EIGEN STATES OF THE CHARGE CONJUGATION OPERATOR . 245
CONTENTS XVII
4.10.4 C-PARITY OF PHOTONS 246
4.10.5 POSITRONIUM ANNIHILATION 246
4.11 G-PARITY 247
4.12 TIME REVERSAL 250
4.12.1 7*-INVARIANCE IN STRONG INTERACTIONS 251
4.12.2 ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT (EDM) AND TIME INVARIANCE . . 251
4.13 CHARGE CONSERVATION AND GAUGE INVARIANCE 252
4.14 THE CPT THEOREM
1
253
4.15 QUESTIONS 262
4.16 PROBLEMS 267
REFERENCES 269
5 STRONG INTERACTIONS 271
5.1 RESONANCES 271
5.1.1 DALITZ PLOT 273
5.2 BARYON RESONANCES 275
5.2.1 NUCLEON RESONANCES 275
5.2.2 THE SPIN AND PARITY 276
5.2.3 RESONANCE SPIN FROM TOTAL CROSS-SECTION 278
5.2.4 PARITY 278
5.2.5 ISOSPIN 279
5.3 HYPERON RESONANCES 279
5.3.1 CASCADE HYPERON RESONANCE 280
5.4 MESON RESONANCES 280
5.4.1 PION RESONANCES 280
5.4.2 KAON RESONANCES 283
5.5 STATIC QUARK MODEL 284
5.5.1 PREDECESSORS TO THE QUARK MODEL 284
5.5.2 THE QUARK MODEL 285
5.6 SUPERMULTIPLETS 288
5.6.1 BARYON DECUPLET 288
5.6.2 THE -HYPERON 289
5.6.3 STATES OF THE DECUPLET 292
5.6.4 BARYON OCTET (J
P
= -^) 293
5.6.5 GELL-MANN-OKUBO MASS FORMULA 294
5.6.6 REGGE TRAJECTORIES 295
5.6.7 MAGNETIC MOMENTS 296
5.6.8 MASS OF QUARKS FROM MAGNETIC MOMENTS 298
5.6.9 MESON MULTIPLETS 298
5.6.10 U-SPIN 303
5.6.11 MIXING ANGLE 304
5.6.12 CHANGE OF FLAVOUR OF QUARKS 306
5.6.13 QUARK CHARGE ASSIGNMENT TEST IN DRELL-YAN PROCESS . . 307
5.7 COLOUR 308
5.7.1 SU(3) COLOUR GROUP 309
XVIII CONTENTS
5.7.2 COLOUR SINGLET 309
5.7.3 EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF COLOUR HYPOTHESIS . 310
5.8 GLUONS 311
5.8.1 THREE JET EVENTS 314
5.9 DO FREE QUARKS EXIST? 314
5.10 QUARK DYNAMICS*CONFINEMENT 314
5.11 HADRON DECAYS AND ZWEIG'S RULE 316
5.12 THE FOURTH QUARK (CHARMED QUARK) 318
5.12.1 PROPERTIES OF THE J/IJR 320
5.12.2 CHARMONIUM 322
5.12.3 THE POSITRONIUM AND CHARMONIUM 323
5.12.4 CHARMED HADRONS 326
5.12.5 SU(4) SYMMETRY 327
5.13 THE FIFTH QUARK (BOTTOM QUARK) 329
5.14 THE SIXTH QUARK (TOP QUARK) 332
5.15 QUESTIONS 342
5.16 PROBLEMS 344
REFERENCES 345
6 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS 347
6.1 FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS 347
6.2 BASIC ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES 349
6.3 ACTUAL PROCESS 350
6.3.1 MOLLER SCATTERING 351
6.3.2 E
+
-E~ ANNIHILATION 352
6.3.3 PAIR PRODUCTION Y -* E
+
+ E~ 353
6.3.4 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND BREMSSTRAHLUNG 354
6.4 SECOND-ORDER DIAGRAMS 354
6.5 SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS 355
6.5.1 ELASTIC SCATTERING OF SPINLESS ELECTRONS BY NUCLEI . . . . 355
6.6 FORM FACTORS 356
6.7 FOUR-MOMENTUM TRANSFER 357
6.8 ELASTIC SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS WITH SPIN BY SPINLESS NUCLEI
(MOTT SCATTERING) 358
6.8.1 ELASTIC SCATTERING OF AN ELECTRON BY A POINT-LIKE DIRAC
PARTICLE OF MASS M 359
6.9 ROSENBLUTH FORMULA 359
6.10 THE SCALING LAW 360
6.11 MUON PAIR PRODUCTION IN E
+
E~ ANNIHILATION 361
6.12 BHABHA SCATTERING E + E~ - E + E~ 362
6.13 TESTS OF QED 363
6.13.1 THE LAMB SHIFT 363
6.13.2 HYPCRFINE STRUCTURE IN MUONIUM AND POSITRONIUM . . . . 364
6.13.3 THEG-FACTORS 364
6.14 ELECTRODYNAMICS OF QUARKS AND HADRONS 365
CONTENTS
X
'
X
6.15 HADRON PRODUCTION IN E
+
-E~ SCATTERING 366
6.16 NATURAL UNITS 367
6.16.1 CONVERSION FACTORS 368
6.16.2 RESTORATION OF PRACTICAL UNITS 369
6.17 DEEP INELASTIC LEPTON-HADRON SCATTERING 369
6.18 BJORKEN SCALING AND PARTON MODEL 373
6.19 PARTON SPIN AND CALLAN-GROSS RELATION 377
6.19.1 PARTON CHARGES
1
378
REFERENCES 379
7 WEAK INTERACTIONS 381
7.1 CHARACTERISTICS 381
7.2 LEPTONIC DECAYS 381
7.3 SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS 382
7.4 NON-LEPTONIC DECAY 383
7.5 WEAK INTERACTION AND QUARKS 383
7.6 CHARGE CURRENT AND NEUTRAL CURRENT WEAK INTERACTIONS 384
7.7 BASIC VERTICES FOR W
-LEPTON INTERACTIONS 387
7.8 COUPLING STRENGTH OF THE CHARGED CURRENT 388
7.8.1 THE DECAY OF THE MUON 389
7.9 NEUTRINO-ELECTRON SCATTERING 390
7.10 UNIVERSALITY OF THE WEAK INTERACTION 391
7.11 LEPTON-QUARK SYMMETRY 392
7.12 THE CABIBBO THEORY 394
7.13 SELECTION RULES IN WEAK DECAYS 397
7.13.1 SEMI LEPTONIC DECAYS 397
7.13.2 PURE HADRONIC DECAYS 398
7.13.3 DECAY OF CHARMED PARTICLES 399
7.14 LEPTONIC DECAYS OF VECTOR MESONS 399
7.15 NON CONSERVATION OF PARITY 400
7.16 EXPERIMENT OF WU AND HER COLLABORATORS (1957) 401
7.16.1 PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN /J-DECAY 402
7.16.2 PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN /1-DECAY 402
7.17 THE DIRAC EQUATION 403
7.17.1 FREE-PARTICLE EQUATION 404
7.18 FREE-PARTICLE SOLUTIONS 406
7.19 PARITY OF PARTICLE AND ANTIPARTICLE 407
7.20 LEFT-HANDED AND RIGHT-HANDED FERMIONS 407
7.21 USEFUL RELATIONS 408
7.22 CURRENTS 409
7.23 APPLICATION OF THE DIRAC THEORY TO BETA DECAY 411
7.24 HCLICITY 411
7.25 FERMI'S THEORY OF YS-DECAY-REVISITED 412
7.25.1 ELECTRON ENERGY SPECTRUM 413
7.25.2 ELECTRON-NEUTRINO CORRELATIONS 413
XX
CONTENTS
7.25.3
'FT
VALUES'
A
ND COUPLING CONSTANTS 414
7.26 PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN /J-DECAY 415
7.27 /J-DECAY THEORY AFTER PARITY NON-CONSERVATION 416
7.28 HELICITY CONSERVATION IN VECTOR INTERACTIONS 417
7.29 HELICITY OF ELECTRON NEUTRINO 418
7.29.1 HELICITY OF MUON NEUTRINO 420
7.30 PION AND MUON DECAY 420
7.30.1 THE N -** \I AND IT -** E BRANCHING RATIOS 421
7.31 DECAY OF NEUTRAL KAONS 424
7.31.1 BEHAVIOUR OF NEUTRAL PARTICLES UNDER THE JOINT ACTION
OF CP 425
7.31.2 STRANGENESS OSCILLATIONS 427
7.31.3 THE AT
0
REGENERATION PHENOMENON 429
7.31.4 C P VIOLATION IN AT-DECAY 430
7.32 NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS 432
7.32.1 SOLAR NEUTRINO PROBLEM 433
7.32.2 STANDARD SOLAR MODEL (SSM) 433
7.32.3 SSM PREDICTIONS OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS ON EARTH 434
7.32.4 NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS 436
REFERENCES 438
8 ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS 439
8.1 NEUTRAL CURRENTS 439
8.2 LAYOUT OF NEUTRINO BEAM 440
8.3 THE BASIC VERTICES 441
8.4 THE GIM MODEL AND CHARM 443
8.5 THE CABIBBO-KOLAYASHI-MASKAWA (CKM) MATRIX 444
8.6 THE ELECTROWEAK UNIFICATION 446
8.6.1 WEAK SPIN 446
8.7 THE WEINBERG ANGLE 447
8.8 THE UNIFICATION CONDITION 448
8.9 W
AND Z BOSONS 449
8.9.1 DETECTION OF W
AND Z BOSONS 450
8.9.2 THE Z EVENTS 451
8.9.3 W
EVENTS 453
8.10 ELECTROWEAK REACTIONS 454
8.11 DECAYS OF THE Z BOSON 456
8.12 TYPES OF NEUTRINOS 458
8.13 DECAY OF W*
1
BOSONS 459
8.14 SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING 459
8.15 THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS 461
8.16 EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL 461
8.16.1 NEUTRAL CURRENT 461
8.16.2 WEAK-ELECTROMAGNCTIC INTERFERENCE IN, E
+
E~-+II
+
II~,
REACTION 461
CONTENTS
XXI
8.16.3 PARITY NON-CONSCRVATION IN INELASTIC ELECTRON
SCATTERING 462
8.16.4 EXPERIMENTAL DISCOVERY OF HEAVY BOSONS 464
8.17 GRAND UNIFICATION THEORIES (GUTS) 464
8.18 QUESTIONS 471
8.19 PROBLEMS 473
8.20 OPEN QUESTIONS 475
REFERENCES 477
APPENDIX A 479
A. 1 RELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS 479
A.2 EXPRESSIONS FOR PRODUCTION THRESHOLD 479
A.3 EXPRESSIONS FOR Y
C
AND Y* 480
A.4 RELATION BETWEEN LAB AND CMS ANGLES 480
APPENDIX B 483
B. 1 COMPOSITION OF ANGULAR MOMENTA AND THE CLEBSCH GORDON
COEFFICIENTS 483
REFERENCES 485
APPENDIX C 487
C. 1 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 487
C. 1.1 BESSEL FUNCTIONS 487
C. 1.2 ASYMPTOTIC EXPRESSIONS 488
C.1.3 SPHERICAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS 488
C.1.4 SPHERICAL HARMONICS 489
C. 1.5 ASSOCIATED LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS 490
C. 1.6 ORTHO-NORMAL PROPERTIES 490
APPENDIX D 491
D. 1 TABLE OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 491
APPENDIX E 493
E. 1 DALITZ PLOTS 493
E.L.L THREE SIMILAR PARTICLES 493
E.1.2 DALITZ PLOTS INVOLVING THREE DISSIMILAR PARTICLES . 498
REFERENCES 499
APPENDIX F 501
F. I PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PARTICLES AND RESONANCES 501
F. 1.1 GAUGE BOSONS (J = 1) 501
F. 1.2 LEPTONS (Y = 5) 501
F.1.3 BARYONS (J
P
= J
+
) 502
F.1.4 BARYON RESONANCES (J
P
= |
+
) 502
F. 1.5 MESONS (J
P
=0
_
) 502
F.1.6 MESONS (J
P
= 1") 503
XXII CONTENTS
APPENDIX G 505
G. 1 INTRODUCTORY ASTROPHYSICS 505
REFERENCES 515
APPENDIX H 517
REFERENCES 523
INDEX 527 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kamal, Ahmad Anwar 1934-2011 |
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| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kamal, Ahmad Anwar 1934-2011 |
| author_variant | a a k aa aak |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041936377 |
| classification_rvk | UO 1000 |
| classification_tum | PHY 410f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)859540705 (DE-599)DNB1034226967 |
| dewey-full | 539.72 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 539 - Modern physics |
| dewey-raw | 539.72 |
| dewey-search | 539.72 |
| dewey-sort | 3539.72 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041936377 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-10T01:18:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642386602 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027379534 |
| oclc_num | 859540705 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-20 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | XXII, 529 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Graduate Texts in Physics |
| spelling | Kamal, Ahmad Anwar 1934-2011 Verfasser (DE-588)1058769340 aut Particle physics Anwar Kamal Heidelberg [u.a.] Springer 2014 XXII, 529 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Graduate Texts in Physics Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd rswk-swf Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-38661-9 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4314608&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027379534&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kamal, Ahmad Anwar 1934-2011 Particle physics Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014414-8 |
| title | Particle physics |
| title_auth | Particle physics |
| title_exact_search | Particle physics |
| title_full | Particle physics Anwar Kamal |
| title_fullStr | Particle physics Anwar Kamal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particle physics Anwar Kamal |
| title_short | Particle physics |
| title_sort | particle physics |
| topic | Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Elementarteilchenphysik |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamalahmadanwar particlephysics |