Earth system history:
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
W.H. Freeman and Company
2015
|
Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Previous edition: 2009 Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XXVI, 587 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 28 cm |
ISBN: | 9781429255264 9781319154028 |
Internformat
MARC
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020 | |a 9781429255264 |c pbk. |9 978-1-4292-5526-4 | ||
020 | |a 9781319154028 |c pbk. |9 978-1-319-15402-8 | ||
020 | |z 1429255269 |9 1429255269 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)884513486 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041935976 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
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084 | |a RB 10123 |0 (DE-625)142220:12624 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a TK 1000 |0 (DE-625)144149: |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Stanley, Steven M. |d 1941- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120486539 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Earth system history |c Steven M. Stanley ; John A. Luczaj |
250 | |a Fourth edition | ||
264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b W.H. Freeman and Company |c 2015 | |
300 | |a XXVI, 587 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |c 28 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Previous edition: 2009 | ||
500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
650 | 4 | |a Historical geology | |
650 | 4 | |a Physical geology | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geologie |0 (DE-588)4020227-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Historische Geologie |0 (DE-588)4025104-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geodynamik |0 (DE-588)4020212-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Paläogeografie |0 (DE-588)4132305-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Paläontologie |0 (DE-588)4044375-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Historische Geologie |0 (DE-588)4025104-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geodynamik |0 (DE-588)4020212-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
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689 | 2 | 0 | |a Paläontologie |0 (DE-588)4044375-9 |D s |
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689 | 3 | 0 | |a Geologie |0 (DE-588)4020227-6 |D s |
689 | 3 | |8 4\p |5 DE-604 | |
700 | 1 | |a Luczaj, John A. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1053177046 |4 aut | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027379143&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027379143 | ||
883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
883 | 1 | |8 2\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
883 | 1 | |8 3\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
883 | 1 | |8 4\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804152313411010560 |
---|---|
adam_text | PREFOCE
PART
I
L{ATERIALS,
PROTESSEL,
AND
PRINCIPLES
(IIAPTTR
I
EARTH
AS
A
SYSTEM
EXPLORING
THE
EARTH
SYSTEM
EARTH
IS
A
SPECIAL
PLANET
THE
COMPONENTS
OF
THE EARTH
SYSTEM
ARE
INTERRELATED
ASPECTS
OF
THE
EARTH
SYSTEM
ARE
FRAGILE
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF ACTUALISM
GEOLOGISTS
CONDUCT
RESEARCH
BASED
ON ACTUALISM
ACTUALISM
REPLACED
CATASTROPHISM
IN
THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY
THE
NATURE
AND
ORIGIN
OF
ROCKS
IGNEOUS,
SEDIMENTARY
AND
METAMOLPHIC
ROCKS
CAN
FORM
FROM
ONE
ANOTHER
BODIES
OF ROCK
ARE CLASSIFIED
INTO
FORMAL
UNITS
STENO S
THREE
PRINCIPLES
CONCERN
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
THE
ROCK CYCLE
RELATES
ALL KINDS
OFROCKS
TO
ONE
ANOTHER
GLOBAL DATING
OF THE
ROCK RECORD
FOSSILS
AND
PHYSICAL
MARKERS
INDICATE
THE
RELATIVE
AGES
OFROCKS
RADIOMETRIC
DATINGPROVIDES
ACTUAL
AGES
OF
ROCKS
THE
GEOLOGIC
TIME
SCALE
DIVIDES EARTH S
HISTORY
INTO
FORMAL
UNITS
INTERVALS
OF THE
GEOLOGIC
TIME
SCALE
ARE
DISTINCTIVE
LMAGING
EARTH
BELOW
EARTHH
DENSITY
INCREASES
WITH
DEPTH
SOLID,
BRITTLE
PLATES
OF LITHOSPHERE
MOVE
OVER
THE
SEMISOLID
ASTHENOSPHERE
PLATE
TECTONICS
PLATES
SPREAD APART
WHERE
THEY
FBRM,
SLIDE
PAST
ONE
ANOTHER,
AND
EVENTUALLY
SINK
HEAT FROM
RADIOACTIVE
DECAY
FIRES
THE ENGINE
OI
PLATE TECTONICS
X-LX
PLUMES
OF
MAGMA
RISE
INTO
THE CRUST
FROM
DEEP
WITHIN
THE
MANTLE
17
PLATE
TECTONICS
PLAYS
A
ROLE
IN
THE ROCK
CYCLE
17
THE
WATER
CYCLE
WATER
MOVES
BETWEEN
RESERVOIRS
THE
WATER
CYCLE
AND
THE ROCK
CYCLE
ARE
INSEPARABLE
DIRECTIONAL
CHANGE
IN EARTH S
HISTORY
EVOLUTION
RESHAPES
LIFE
DRASTICALLY
AND
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
MINERALS
AN
ELEMENT
CONSISTS
OF
A
UNIQUE
KIND
OF ATOM
ISOTOPES
OF
AN
ELEMENT
HAVE
DISTINCTIVE
ATOMIC
WEIGHTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PRODUCE
MINERALS
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
CREATE CHEMICAL
BONDS
CRYSTALS HAVE
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
MOLECULAR
STRUCTURES
IONS
OF
AN
ELEMENT
CAN
SUBSTITUTE
FOR
IONS
OF
ANOTHER
SIMILAR ELEMENT
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
MINERALS
CHEMICAL
BONDS
DETERMINE
HARDNESS
THE
WEIGHT
AND
PACHNG
OF
ATOMS
DETERMINE
DENSITY
FRACTURE
PATTERNS
REFECT
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
MINERALS
AND ROCKS
FORM
UNDER
PARTICULAR
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
CONDITIONS
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
18
18
19
I9
1
2
2
2
2
.)
,)
IRREVERSIBLY
20
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL FEATURES
OF
EARTH
HAVE
ALSO
CHANGED
20
LIFE
AND
ENVIRONMENTS
HAVE
CHANGED
IN
CONCERT
20
EPISODIC
CHANGE
IN
EARTH S
HISTORY
ZL
SEDIMENTATION
OCCURS
IN
PULSES
2L
DEPOSITION
CAN
BE
CATASTROPHIC
2L
UNCONFORMITIES
REPRESENT
LARGE
BREALA
IN
THE
ROCK
RECORD
22
LIFE
ON
EARTH
HAS
EXPERIEACEDPULSES
OF
CHARGE
22
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONL
ZS
4
5
5
8
I
I
T0
10
I1
11
T2
L3
13
L4
15
15
T7
28
28
28
29
29
FLTAPTFL
I
ROCK-FORMING
MINERALS
AND
ROCKS
A FEW FAMILIES OF MINERALS
FORM
MOST
ROCKS
TLPES
OF
ROCKS
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
FORM
WHEN
MOLTEN
ROCK
COOLS
SEDIMENTARRY
ROCKS
FORM FROM PARTICLES THAT
SETTLE THROUGH
WATER OR
AIR
METAMOQPHIC
ROCKS
FORM FROM
OTHER
ROCKS
AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES
AND
PRESSURES
[LRPTER
!UMMARYLIEVIEW
QUESTIONL
UEIAEPTTR
}
THE
DIVERSITY
OF
LIFE
FOSSILS
AND
CHEMICAL
REMAINS
OF
ANCIENT
LIFE
HARD
PARTS
ARE
THE
MOST
COMMONLY
PRESERVED
FEATURES OF
ANIMALS
SOFT
PARTS
OF
ANIMALS ARE
RARELY
PRESERVED
PERMINERALIZATION PRODUCES
PETRIFIED
WOOD
MOLDS
AND
IMPRESSIONS
ARE
IMPRINTS
TRACE FOSSILS ARE
RECORDS OF
MOVEMENT
THE
QUAL§
OF
THE
FOSSIL
RECORD
IS
HIGHLY
VARIABLE
BIOMARKERS
ARE
USEFUL CHEMICAL
INDICATORS
OF
LIFE
DEAD
ORGANISMS
DECAY
TO
FORM
FOSSIL
FUELS
TAXONOMIC
GROUPS
LDENTI{YING
CLADES
AND
THEIR
RELATIONSHIPS
ARCHAEA
AND
BACTERIA:
THE
TWO
DOMAINS
OF
PROKARYOTES
ARCHAEA CAN
TOLERATE
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS
BACTERIA
INCLUDE
DECOMPOSERS,
PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS,
CAUSES
OF
DISEASE,
AND
POLLUTERS
THE
PROTISTS: A
PARAPHYLETIC
GROUP
OF
EUKARYOTES
GREEN ALGAE
AND
LAND
PLANTS
SEEDLESS
VASCULAR
PLANTS
CAME
FIRST
SEED
PLANTS
INVADED DRY
LAND
OPISTHOKONTS:
FUNGI
AND
ANIMALS
FUNGI
ARE DECOMPOSERS
ANIMALS
ARE
MULTICELLULAR
CONSUMERS
SPONGES
ARE
SIMPLE
INVERTEBRATES
CNIDARIANS
INCLUDE THE
CORALS
LOPHOTROCHOZOANS
INCLUDE
MANY
HNDS
OF
ANIMALS
THAT
LACK
SKELETONS
ECDYSOZOANS
HAVE AN
EXTERNAL
SKELETON
35
JA
JD
3B
THE DEUTEROSTOMES
INCLUDE
INVERTEBRATES
AS
WELL
AS
VERTEBRATES
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
(IIAPTTR
I
ENVIRONMENTS
AND
LIFE
PRINCIPLES
OF
ECOLOGY
A SPECIES NICHE
IS
ITS
POSITION
IN
THE
ENVIRONMENT
A
COMMUNITY
OF ORGANISMS
AND ITS
ENVIRONMENT
FORM
AN
ECOSYNTEM
83
BIOGEOGRAPHY
IS
THE
STUDY
OFBROAD
PATTERNS
OFOCCURRENCE
85
THE
ATMOSPHERE
85
NITROGEN,
OXYGEN,
AND
CARBON
DIOXIDE
CONSTITUTE
MOST OF
THE
ATMOSPHERE
85
TEMPERATURE
VARIATIONS
AND EARTH S
ROTATION
GOVERN
CIRCULATION
IN
THE
ATMOSPHERE
86
THE
TERRESTRIAL
REALM
88
VEGETATION PATTERNS
PARALLEL
CLIMATIC
ZONES
88
CLIMATES
CHANGE
WITH
ELEVATION
91
LAND
AND
WATER
INFLUENCE
SEASONAL
TEMPERATURE
CHANGE
92
FOSSIL
PLANTS
REFLECT ANCIENT
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
94
THE MARINE
REALM
95
WINDS DRIVE
CURRENTS
AT
THE
OCEAN S
SURFACE
95
MARINE LIFE
VARIES
WITH
WATER
DEPTH
96
MARINE
LIFE
FLOATS,
SWIMS,
OR
OCCUPIES
THE
SEAFLOOR
98
WATER TEMPERATURE
INFLUENCES BIOGEOGRAPHIC
PATTERNS
100
SALINITY
IS
AN
IMPORTANT
LIMITING
FACTOR
NEAR
SHORE
FRESHWATER
ENVIRONMENTS
(HAPTER
5UMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
NONMARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
ANCIENT
SOILS CAN
POINT
TO
PAST
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
FRESHWATER
LAKES AND
GLACIERS
LEAVE CLUES
TO
ANCIENT
CLIMATES
DESERTS
AND
ARID
BASINS
ACCUMULATE
SALT
AND SAND
IT)
77
B2
83
45
47
49
52
52
52
53
DJ
54
54
54
54
55
57
61
61
61
62
64
66
66
67
67
67
67
68
69
7L
101
101
RO2
R06
106
L07
FITMIIR
T
SEDI
MENTARY
ENVIRONMENTS
109
BRAIDED
AND
MEANDERING
RIVERS
DEPOSIT
SEDIMENT
IN
MOIST
REGIONS
MARGINAL MARINE
AND
OPEN-SHELF
ENVIRONMENTS
A DELTA FORMS WHERE
A
RIVER
MEETS
THE
SEA
LAGOONS HE
BEHIND
BARRIER
ISLANDS
OF
SAND
OPEN-SHELF
DEPOSITS
INCLUDE
TEMPESTITES
FOSSILS SERVE
AS
INDICATORS
OF MARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
ORGANIC
REEFS
ARE
BODIES
OFCARBONATE
ROCK
CARBONATE
PLATFORMS
FORRR
IN
WARM
SEAS
DEEP-SEA ENVIRONMENTS
TURBIDITY
CURRENTS FLOW
DOWN
SUBMARINE
SLOPES
PELAGIC
SEDIMENTS
ARE
FINE-GRAINED
AND
ACCUMULATE SLOWLY
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
(I{APTTR
6
CORRELATION
AND DATING
OF THE
ROCK
RECORD
THE
CEOLOGIC
TIME
SCALE
FOSSIL
SUCCESSION REVEALED
THE RELATIVE
AGES
OF
ROCKS
GEOLOGIC
SYSTEMS
WERE FOUNDED
IN
THE
NINETEENTH
CENTURY
STRATIGRAPHIC
UNITS
THE
ROCK
RECORD
LS
DIVIDED INTO
TIME-ROCK UNITS
AND
GEOLOGIC
TIME INTO
TIME
UNITS
BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC
UNITS
ARE BASED ON
FOSSIL
OCCURRENCES
MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY
IDENTIFI
ES
POLARITY
TIME-ROCK
UNITS
ROCK
UNITS
ARE
DEFINED
BY
LITHOLOGY,
NOT
AGE
EARTH S
ABSOLUTE
AGE
EARLY
GEOLOGISTS
UNDERESTIMATED
EARTH S
ANTIQUITY
RADIOACTIVE
DECAY
PROVIDES ABSOLUTE
AGES
OF
ROCKS
FOSSILS
OFTEN
PROVIDE
MORE
ACCURATE
CORRELATION
THAN
RADIOMETRIC
DATING
CHANGES
IN
STABLE ISOTOPES
PERMIT
GLOBAL
CORRELATION
EVENT
STRATIGRAPHY
MARKER
BEDS
ALLOR,V
CORRELATION
OVER
WIDE
AREAS
BACK-AND-FORTH
SHIFTING
OF
FACIES
BOUNDARIES
CREATES
A
TIME LINE FOR
CORRELATION
UNCONFORMITIES
CAN
BE
DETECTED BY
SEISMIC
STRATIGRAPHY
SEQUENCES
RECORD
CHANGES
IN
SEA
LEVEL
CHANGES
IN
EARTH S
ROTATION
AND
THE
SHAPE
OF
ITS
ORBIT
CREATE
GEOLOGIC
CLOCKS
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
(IIFIPTTR
I
EVOLUTION
AND
THE
FOSSIL
RECORD
ADAPTATIONS
CHARLES DARWIN S
CONTRIBUTION
THE
VOYAGE
OF
THE
BEAGLE
PROVIDED
GEOGRAPHIC
EVIDENCE
FOR
EVOLUTION
DARWIN S
ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE
FOR
E.VOHRTION
WAS
BROADLY
BASED
NATURAL
SELECTION
IS
THE
PRIMARY
MECHANISM
OF EVOLUTION
CENES,
DNA,
AND CHROMOSOMES
161
762
162
PARTICULATE
INHERITANCE
IS
FUNDAMENTAL
TO
GENETICS
162
MUTATIONS
PROVIDE
RAW MATERIAL
FOR
NATURAL
SELECTION
163
GENETIC
RECOMBINATION
ALSO
PROVIDES
RAW
MATERIAL
FOR
NATURAL
SELECTION
163
HORIZONTAL
GENE
TRANSFER
IS
A
NOVEL
MECHANISM
OFGENETIC
CHANGE
764
REGULATORY
CENES
AND PATTERNS
OF DEVELOPMENT
164
POPULATIONS,
SPECIES,
AND
SPECIATION
764
RATES
OF
ORIGINATION
165
EVOLUTIONARY
RADIATIONS
RESULT
FROM
NEW
ECOLOGICAL
OPPORTUNITIES
AND
ADAPTIVE
BREALTHROUGHS
166
RAPID
SPECIATION
CAN
OCCUR
BY WAY
OF
SMALL,
ISOLATED
POPULATIONS
168
A
NEW
HIGHER
TAXON CAN
ARISE
THROUGH
A
SINGLE
SPECIATION
EVENT
L7L
THE
MOLECULAR
CLOCK AND
TIMES
OF
ORIGINATION
171
EVOLUTIONARY
CONVERGENCE
L72
EXTINCTION
173
RATES
OF
EXTINCTION VARY
GREATLY
173
A
MASS
EXTINCTION
IS
OCCURRING
TODAY
174
EVOLUTIONARY
TIENDS
175
ANIMALS
TEND
TO
EVOLVE TOWARD LARGER
BODYSIZE
L75
EVOLUTIONARY
TRENDS
CAN
BE
SIMPLE
OR
COMPLEX
EVOLUTION
IS
IRREVERSIBLE
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
T77
180
180
112
114
LT4
TT7
118
118
118
L2L
L24
L24
150
151
153
R55
R58
159
159
T25
126
R2S
132
R32
133
T34
T34
134
136
136
74{)
1.40
147
L44
146
146
T47
148
T48
F
**T
LLLHE
THEORY
OF
PLATE
TECTONICS
FHE
HISTORY
OF CONTINENTAL
DRIFT
THEORY
*,,
SOME
EARLY
OBSERVATIONS
WERE
MISINTELPRETED
,DL&ED WEGENER
WAS
A
TWENTIETH-CENTURY
N,,
PIONEER
ALEXANDER
DU TOIT
FOCUSED ON
THE
GONDWANA SELLUENCE
ILRI
C,ONTINENTAL
DRIFT
WAS
WIDELY
REJECTED
CHEMICAL
RESERVOIRS
226
FLUXES
ARE
RATES
OF
MOVEMENT BETWEEN
SMALL
LANDMASSES MAY
BE SUTURED
TO
CONTINENTS
TECTONICS
OF CONTINENTAL
LNTERIORS
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
GLACIERS
LOCK
UP
OXYGEN
16
OXYGEN
ISOTOPE
RATIOS VARY
WITH
SALINITY
WATER VAPOR
ACTS
AS A
GREENHOUSE
GAS
USE
OF
CARBON
LSOTOPES
TO
STUDY
CLOBAL
CHEMICALCYCLES
ATMOSPHERIC CARBON
RESERVOIR
PHANEROZOIC TRENDS
IN
ATMOSPHERIC
CARBON
DIOXIDE
183
186
186
187
188
T90
278
2L9
222
226
226
OON
227
228
228
228
229
231
2,T.5
234
235
235
PALEOMAGNETISMSHOWEDPUZZLINGPATTERNS
191
TH
RISE
OF
PLATE TECTONICS
T92
SEAFLOOR SPREADING EXPLAINED
MANY
PHENOMENA
192
PALEOMAGNETISM
PROVIDED
A
DEFINITIVE
TEST
L94
F,AUHING
AND VOLCANISM
ALONG
PLATE
BOUNDARIES
195
OCEANIC CRUST
FORMS
ALONG
MID-OCEAN
RIDGES
196
TRANSFORM
FAULTS OFFSET MID-OCEAN
RIDGES
196
LITHOSPHERE
IS
SUBDUCTED
ALONG DEEP-SEA
TRENCHES
PLATE
MOVEMENTS
PLATES MOVE
FOR
FOUR
REASONS
FREE
SLABS
SINK DEEP
INTO
THE
MANTLE
PLATE MOVEMENTS
ARE
MEASURABLE
FTAPTER
5UMMARYLIEVIEW
QUESTIONS
(IIAPITR
9
CONTINENTAL
TECTONICS
AND
MOUNTAIN
CHAINS
THE
RIFTING
OF
CONTINENTS
HOT
SPOTS
GIVE
RISE
TO
THREE-ARMED
RIFTS
RIFT
VALLEYS
FORM WHEN CONTINENTAL
BREAKUP
BEGINS
RIFTING
CREATES PASSIVE
MARGINS
BENDING
AND
FLOWING
OF
ROCKS
MOUNTAIN BUILDING
CONTINENTAL
COLLISION
PRODUCES
OROGENIES
OROGENIES
CAN
OCCUR
WITHOUT
CONTINENTAL
COLLISION
MOUNTAIN
BELTS
HAVE
A
CHARACTERISTIC
STRUCTURE
COMPRESSIVE
FORCES
CAUSE
DEFORMATION
THE WEIGHT OF
A
MOUNTAIN
BELT
CREATES
A
FORELAND
BASIN
THE ANDES EXEMPLLFY
MOUNTAIN
BUILDING
WITHOUT
CONTINENTAL
COLLISION
THE
PYRENEES
EXEMPLIF,
MOUNTAIN
BUILDING
BY
CONTINENTAL
COLLISION
RESELVOLRS
FEEDBACKS
AFFECT
FLUXES
CARBON
DIOXIDE,
OXYGEN,
AND
BIOLOGICAL
PROCESSES
PLANTS
EMPLOY
A
PHOTOSLNTHESIS-RESPIRATION
CYCLE
PHOTOSPTHESIS
PRODUCES
TISSUE
GROWTH
RESPIRATION
RELEASES
ENERG/
DECOMPOSERS EMPLOY
RESPIRATION
BURIAL
OF
PLANT
DEBRIS
ALTERS
ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY
MARINE
PHOTOSPTHESIS-RESPIRATION
CYCLES
RESEMBLE
THOSE
ON
LAND
OXYGEN
LSOTOPES, CLIMATE,
AND
THE
WATER
CYCLE
231
OXYGEN
ISOTOPE
RATIOS
IN
SKELETONS
REFLECT
TEMPERATURES
232
T97
198
198
199
199
201
203
206
206
207
209
209
2R2
272
2L2
213
213
2T4
2T5
2T7
CARBON
ISOTOPE RATIOS
RECORD THE CYCLING
OF
ORGANIC
CARBON
235
ISOTOPE
RATIOS
IN
LIMESTONES
AND DEEP-SEA
SEDIMENTS
RECORD
CHANGES
IN
RATES
OF
CARBONBURIAL
236
CARBON
AND
SULFUR BURIAL
ENLARGES
THE
ATMOSPHERET
OXYGEN
RESERYOIR
236
CARBON DIOXIDE
IS
REMOVED
FROM
THE
ATMOSPHERE
BY
WEATHERING
AND ENDS
UP
IN
LIMESTONE
237
CHANGES
IN
RATES OF
WEATHERING
AFFECT THE
ATMOSPHERIC
CARBON
RESERVOIR
238
CHANGES
IN
GLOBAL
TEMPERATURE
ALSO
AFFECT THE
240
FIT[PTRN
R0
MAJOR
GEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
24L
POSITIVE
FEEDBACKS
INFLUENCE
THE CARBON
CYCLE
NEGATIVE
FEEDBACKS
HOLD
CARBON
DIOXLDE
LEVELS
IN
CHECK
CARBON AND
OXYGEN
LSOTOPE
EXCURSIONS
CHANGES
IN
RESPIRATION
RATES
OF BACTERIA
INFLUENCE
CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS
CHANGES
IN
THE VOLUME
OF METHANE HYDRATES
INFLUENCE
CARBON
ISOTOPE
RATIOS
CHANGES
IN
PHYTOPLANKTON
PRODUCTIVITY
INFLUENCE
CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS
EPISODES
OF
MASSIVE
CARBON
BURIAL
CAN
OVERRIDE
OTHER
FACTORS
THAT INFLUENCE
CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS
OCEAN
CHEMISTRY
AND SKELETAL
MINERALOGY
VARIATIONS
IN
MAGNESIUM
AND
CALCIUM OVER
TIME
INFLUENCE
THE
PRODUCTION
OF MARINE
CARBONATES
VARIATIONS IN
POTASSIUM
AND
SULFATE
OVER
TIME
INFLUENCE
THE MINERALOGY
OF
EVAPORITES
ORGANISMS REMOVE
SILICA
FROM
THE
OCEAN
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/FLEVIEW
QUESTIONS
PART
IL
THE
STORY
OF
[ARTH
(IIAPTTR
II
THE
HADEAN
AND
ARCHEAN
EONS
OF
PRECAMBRIAN TIME
THE
AGES
OF
THE
PLANETS
AND
THE
UNIVERSE
THE
ORIGIN OF THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM
THE
SUN
FORMED
FROM
A
NEBULA
THE
PLANETS
FORMED
FROM
THE
SOLAR
NEBULA
THE
HADEAN
EON
EARLY
MELTING
PRODUCED
A
LAYERED
EARTH
THE MOON FORMED
FROM
A
COLLISION
THE
OCEAN S
WATER
CAME
FROM
VOLCANOES AND
COMETS, AND
ITS
SALTS
CAME
FROM
ROCKS
EARTH S
EARLY ATMOSPHERE MOSTLY
CAME
FROM
WITHIN
EARLY
EARTH
ERPERIENCED
MANY
METEORITE
IMPACTS
EARLY EARTH
WAS
HOT,
NND ITS
PLATES
WERE
SMALL
THE
ORIGIN OF CONTINENTAL
CRUST
FELSIC
CRUST
FORMED
BY
MELTING
OF
OCEANIC
LITHOSPHERE
CONTINENTAL
CRUST
APPEARED
EARLY
IN
EARTH S
HISTORY
242
242
243
244
244
243
THE
ARCHEAN
EON
ARCHEAN
CONTINENTS REMAINED
SMALL BECAUSE
OF EARTH S HOT
INTERIOR
THE
TOTAL
AMOUNT OF CONTINENTAL
CRUST
INCREASED
RAPIDLY
GREENSTONE
BELTS
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
11-1
LARGE CRATONS
A14:EAR
NECR
THE
END
OF
ARCLWAN
TINV
EVIDENCE
OF ARCHEAN
LIFE
CHEMICAL
EVIDENCE BEARING
ON
THE
ORIGIN
OF
LIFE
AMINO
ACIDS
FORMED
EASILY
PERHAPS
THERE
WAS AN
RNA
WORLD
LIFE
MAY HAVE
ORIGINATED
ALONG
MID-OCEAN
RIDGES
ATMOSPHERIC
OXYGEN
(HAPTER
5UMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONL
262
262
262
263
264
266
268
269
269
275
278
280
280
28T
283
283
287
287
288
244
244
244
247
247
247
269
272
272
249
254
:ZD5
256
256
257
258
258
259
259
259
260
260
26T
26T
0TLPFIN
N
THE
PROTEROZOIC
EON
OF
PRECAMBRIAN
TIME
A MODERN
STYLE
OF
OROGENY
GLOBAL
EVENTS
OF
THE
PALEOPROTEROZOIC
AND
MESOPROTEROZOIC
GLACIATION
WAS
WIDESPREAD
EARLY
IN
PROTEROZOIC
TIME
CYANOBACTERIA FLOURISHED
IN
THE
OCEANS,
AND
EUKARYOTES
JOINED
THEM
THE
BEGINNINGS
OF
ANIMAL
LIFE
ANIMALS
BURST
ON
THE
SCENE
A
BUILDUP
OF ATMOSPHERIC
OXYGEN
FAVORED
EUKARYOTES
TWICE
DURING
PROTEROZOIC TIME WIDESPREAD
GLACIATION
EXTENDED TO LOW LATITUDES
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
12-1
THE GREAT
UEXIDATIOU
7)UETFT
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
12-2
WOS
THERE
A
SNOWBNLL.
EAFTH L
2SUE
THE
DIVERSIFICATION OF
ANIMALS MAY HAVE
CHANGED
THE EVOLUTION
OFPHYTOPLANKTON
292
THE
EXPANSION
AND
CONTRACTION OF
CONTINENTS
292
THE ASSEMBLY
OF NORTH
AMERICA
293
CONTINENTAL
ACCRETION
EXPANDED
LAURENTIA
DURING
PROTEROZOIC
TIME
293
AN
EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT
PRODUCED
HUGE
ORE
DEPOSITS
294
-{
RIFT
FORMED
IN
CENTRAL
AND EASTERN
NORTH.{MERICA
296
THE GRENVILLE
OROGENY
BUILT
MOUNTAINS
IN
EASTERN
NORTH
AMERICA
THE ASSEMBLY
AND
BREAKUP
OF
NEOPROTEROZOIC
SUPERCONTINENTS
THE SUPERCONTINENT
NUNA
CONTAIN OED
ALL
OF
EARTH S
LARGE
LANDMASSES
THE SUPERCONTINENT
RODINIA
WAS
SMALLER
THAN
NUNA
THE SUPERCONTINENT
PANNOTIA, ALTHOUGH
IT
SOON
LOST LAURENTIA,
BECAME
PART
OF
GONDWANALAND
(HAPTER
5UMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONL
UETLPTIN
L3
THE
EARLY
PALEOZOIC
WORLD
3OL
THE
CAMBRIAN
EXPLOSION
OF
LIFE
304
THE
BASE
OF THE
CAMBRIAN
IS
DEFINED
BY
BURROWS
OF
COMPLEX
FORM
304
MANY
EARLY CAMBRIAN
GROUPS
EVOLVED
SKELETONS
304
EARLY CAMBRIAN
ANIMALS
HAD
FEW
MODES
OF
LIFE
SO7
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
13-1
SKELETANS
EAOLUE
IN
MUR TY
ANI,RNUL
GROU1TS
AS
PREDOLARS
DI,AERSIFU
308
LATER
CAMBRIAN
DIVERSIFICATION
PRODUCED
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUETTIONL
327
(IIAPTTR
II
THE
MIDDLE
PALEOZOIC
WORLD
RENEWED
DIVERSIFICATION
OF
LIFE
LIFE
RECOVERED AND
EXPANDED
IN
AQUATIC
HABITATS
332
PLANTS
INVADED
THE
LAND
338
ANIMALS
MOVED
ASHORE
341
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
14-1
PLC.RRTS
ALTERLANDSTT4TES
ANRL
OYTEN
THE
WAY
FORYERTEBRATAS
TO
CONQUER
THE
LNND.
342
THE
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
OF THE
MIDDLE
PALEOZOIC
WORLD
345
GLACIATION
AND
A MASS
EXTINCTION
346
REGIONAL
EVENTS
OF
MIDDLE
PALEOZOIC
TIME
347
EASTERN
NORTH
AMERICA
AGAIN
BECAME
A
PASSIVE
MARGIN
347
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
T4-2
T HE
EXPANSION OF
PLANTS
OUER
LA NCL
(LOUSES
GLOBAL
CLIMTTTIC
CHUNGE,
CKTC IATION,
AND
BLASS
EXTINC:TION
348
EURAMERICA
FORMED
DURING
THE
SECOND
APPALACHIAN
OROGENY
350
REEF
BUILDING
AND
OROGENY
OCCURRED
IN WESTERN
NORTH
AMERICA
353
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONS
S54
(IIAPTTR
I
THE
LATE
PALEOZOIC
WORLD
357
LATE PALEOZOIC
LIFE
360
NEW FORMS OF
LIFE
EMERGED
IN
PALEOZOIC
SEAS
361
ARAGONITIC
REEF BUILDERS
FLOURISHED
IN
ARAGONITE
SEAS
362
TREES
GREW
IN
SWAMPS
362
UPLANDFLORAS
EXPANDED
365
ANIMALS
DIVERSIFIED
ON
LAND
AND
INVADED
FRESHWATER
HABITATS
366
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
15
-
1
WEAKENECL.
C REENHANSE
WANNI,NGPREVR,L,TS
IN,
A
GREAT LCE
AGE
368
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
OF
THE
LATE
PALEOZOIC
WORLD
37L
WARM,
MOIST CONDITIONS
WERE WIDESPREAD
IN
EARLY CARBONIFEROUS
TIME
373
IN
MID-CARBONIFEROUS
TIME, CONTINENTS
COLLIDED
AND
A
GREAT
ICE
AGE
BEGAN
373
DRY
HABITATS
EXPANDED
IN
PERMIAN
TIME
374
297
297
297
298
299
299
329
332
VERTEBRATE
ANIMALS
ORDOVICIAN
LIFE
AMONG EARLY
PALEOZOIC
ANIMALS
WERE
FLOATERS
AND
SWIMMERS
A GREAT
RADIATION
OFLIFE
OCCURRED
LATER
IN
THE ORDOVICIAN
ANIMALS
CAUSED
STROMATOLITES
TO DECLINE
EXTINCTION
SET
BACK
MARINE
DIVERSIFFCATION
INVERTEBRATES
INVADED FRESH
WATER
AND
PLANTS
INVADEDLAND
316
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
OF
THE
CAMBRIAN
WORLD
316
EPISODIC
MASS
EXTINCTIONS
OF
CAMBRIAN
TRILOBITES
317
ORDOVICIAN
PALEOGEOGRAPHY,
CLIMATIC
CHANGE,
AND
MASS
EXTINCTION
319
CLIMATIC
COOLING
BROUGHT
ABOUT
AN
ICE
AGE
319
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
13-2
CLIURUTIC
COOLINGRESULTS
IN
GLACIATION
ANTL
MUSS
EXTIRTCTION
320
CLIMATIC
COOLING
ALSO
BROUGHT
ABOUT
A
MAJOR
311
312
,JIJ
JIOE
315
S15
322
322
MASS
EXTINCTION
REGIONAL
EVENTS
OF
EARLY
PALEOZOIC
TIME
THE
TACONIC
OROGENY
RAISED
MOUNTAINS
IN
EASTERN
LAURENTIA
322
A
PASSIVE
MARGIN PERSISTED
IN WESTEM
LAURENTIA
326
MASS
EXTINCTIONS
ENDED
THE
PALEOZOIC
ERA
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
15-2
THE
MOST DESTRUCTIUE
OF
ASS
H,IA SS
ERTINDTINTLS
ENDS
THE PALEOTIC
ERA
REGIONAL
EVENTS
OF
LATE PALEOZOIC
TIME
THE
ALLEGHENIAN
OROGENY
FORMED
THE
APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS
OROGENIES
ALSO
OCCURRED
IN
THE SOUTHWESTERN
UNITED
STATES
COAL
DEPOSITS
FORMED
WITHIN
CYCLOTHEMS
REEFS
FORMED
IN
THE
DELAWARE
BASIN
OF
WESTERN
TEXAS
384
THE
SONOMA
OROGENY
EXPANDED
THE
NORTH
AMERICAN
CONTINENT
386
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/LEVIRW
QUESTIONL
387
BENTHIC
LIFE
WAS ALSO
MODERNIZED
FLOWERING
PLANTS
EXPANDED
ON
LAND
DINOSAURS
DWARFED
EARLY
MAMMALS
375
376
379
381
382
426
428
429
LIFE IN
THE
OCEANS:
A
NEW BIOTA
THREE
MASS
EXTINCTIONS
SLOWED
THE
EARLY
TRIASSIC
RECOVERY
PELAGIC
LIFE
INCLUDED
NEW
GROUPS
OF
PHYTOPLANKON
AND
NUMEROUS
SWIMMING
PREDATORS
LIFE
ON
LAND
GYMNOSPERMS
DOMINATED
THE
MESOZOIC
FLORA
THE
AGE
OF DINOSAURS
BEGAN
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
16-1
THE
RISA
OFTHE
UEWSAURS:
WHY
WERE
T LRCQ SO
SUCCESSFUL?
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
16-2
YOLCNNISM
AND
IV{ASS
EXTINCTION
A
MASS
EXTINCTION
ENDED
THE
TRIASSIC
PERIOD
THE
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
OF
THE
EARLY
MESOZOIC
ERA
THE
SIZE
OF
PANGAEA
AFFECTED
CLIMATES
AND
DISTRIBUTIONS
OF
ORGANISMS
PANGAEA
BEGAN
TO
FRAGMENT
TROPICAL
AND
NONTROPICAL
ZONES
WERE
EVIDENT
TECTONIC
EVENTS
IN
NORTH
AMERICA
FAULT
BLOCK
BASINS
FORMED
IN
THE
EAST
NORTH
AMERICA
GREW WESTWARD
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONL
QTLPLTN
TI
THE
CRETACEOUS
WORLD
CRETACEOUS
LIFE
PELAGIC
LIFE
WAS
MODERNIZED
PALEOGEOGRAPHY
OF THE
CRETACEOUS
WORLD
4SS
CONTINENTS
FR.AGMENTED
AND
NARROW
OCEANS
EXPANDED
SSS
SEA
LEVEL
ROSE,
THE DEEP
OCEAN
STAGNATED,
AND
CLIMATES
WARMED
43G
THE
TERMINAL
CRETACEOUS
EXTINCTION
457
THE
TERMINAL
CRETACEOUS
IMPACT
SERVES
AS
A
WARNING
438
FOSSILS
DISGUISED
THE
TIMING
OF THE
EXTINCTION
438
OPPORTUNISTIC
SPECIES
FOURISHED
IN
THE
AFTERMATH
OF THE
EXTINCTION
438
NORTH
AMERICA
IN
THE
CRETACEOUS
WORLD
439
CORDILLERAN
MOUNTAIN
BUILDING
CONTINUED
439
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
17-1 DEATHFRAMOTTTERSPAC.E
44O
A
SEAWAY
CONNECTED
THE
GULF
OF MEXICO
AND
THE
ARCTIC
OCEAN
AN
ANCIENT
RIVER
EXCAVATED
THE
CHASM
THAT
BECAME
THE GRAND
CANYON
THE
MODERN
CONTINENTAL
SHELF FORMED
IN
EASTERN
NORTH
AMERICA
THE
CHALK
SEAS
OF
EUROPE
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUESTIONS
379
392
393
394
398
398
399
401
408
4TT
4TT
412
412
413
4L4
414
415
4TG
LIFE
OF
THE
PALEOGENE
MARINE
LIFE
RECOVERED
FLOWERING
PLANTS
ROSE
TO DOMINANCE
MAMMALS
RADIATED
DRAMATICALLV
IN
THE
PALEOCENE
AND
EOCENE
R
EARLY
PALEOGENE
BIRDS WERE
LARGE
MODERN
GROUPS
OF
HOOFED
ANIMALS,
CARNIVORES,
AND
PRIMATES
EXPANDED
IN
THE OLIGOCENE
FROGS
AND INSECTS
WERE MODERNIZED
IN
PALEOGENE
TIME
460
PALEOGENE
CLIMATES
460
THE
EOCENE
BEGAN
WITH
A
PULSE
OF
WARMING
460
WARMTH
EXTENDED
TO HIGH
LATITUDES
462
COOLING
AND
HIGH-LATITUDE
GLACIATION
BEGAN
IN
THE
MIDDLE
EOCENE
464
CLIMATIC
CHANGE,
GLACIAL
EXPANSION,
AND
A
MASS
EXTINCTION
MARKED
THE
EOCENE-OLIGOCENE
TRANSITION
REGIONAL
EVENTS
OF
PALEOGENE
TIME
445
446
447
448
452
452
454
454
457
458
464
465
42T
421
424
(IIAPTTR
I6
THE
EARLY
MESOZOIC
ERA
(IIAPTTR
I8
THE
PALEOGENE
WORLD
POSITIONS
OFLAND
AND
SEA
CHANGED
NEAR
THE
POLES
MOUNTAIN
BUILDING
CONTINUED
IN WESTERN
NORTH
AMERICA
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
18-1
GLOBULCOOLINGAND
DRYINGSSEGINS
A
RIFT
DEVELOPED
IN
THE AMERICAN
SOUTHWEST
SHALLOW
SUBDUCTION PRODUCED
VOLCANISM
IN
THE
YELLOWSTONE
REGION
DEPOSITION
CONTINUED
ALONG
THE GULF
COAST
A
METEORITE CREATED
THE
SITE
OF THE
CHESAPEAKE
BAY
(HAPTER
§UMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONS
(IIIPTTR
19
THE
LATE
CENOZOIC
WORLD
BEFORE
THE
HOLOCENE
LIFE
OF THE
NEOGENE
PERIOD
IN
THE
OCEAN,
WHALES
RADIATED
AND
FORAMINIFERA
RECOVERED
ON
LAND,
SPECIES
ADAPTED
TO
SEASONALLY
DRY
HABITATS
FLOURISHED
THE MODERN
LCE AGE
OF THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
EARLY
PLIOCENE
CLIMATES
WERE RELATIVELY
WARRN
CONTINENTAL
GLACIERS
FORMED
IN
THE
NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
THE
CHRONOLOG,U
OF GLACIATION
CAN
BE
READ
IN
ISOTOPE
RATIOS
CLIMATIC
CHANGES
ALTERED
FLORAS
GLACIERS
EXPANDED
AND
CONTRACTED
MANY
TIMES
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
19- 1
SLTOCKINGLY
RAPID
CLINWTIC
SHIFTS
OCRU,R
DURI,NGTHE
LCE
AGE
VEGETATION PATTERNS
CHANGED
DURING
GLACIAL
MAXIMA
CHANGES
IN
OCEANIC
CIRCULATION
MAY
HAVE
TRIGGERED
THE
ICE
AGE
CHANGES
IN EARTHT
ROTATIONAL
MOVEMENT
HAVE
AFFECTED GLACIAL
CYCLES
CHANGES
IN
THE
GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
RESULTED
FROM CLIMATIC
OSCILLATIONS
REGIONAL
EVENTS
OF
NEOGENE
TIME
MOUNTAINS
ROSE
UP
THROUGHOUT
THE
AMERICAN WEST
THE
APPALACHIANS
BOBBED
UP
AND SHED
SEDIMENT
EASTWARD
THE CARIBBEAN
SEA
WAS
BORN
NORTH
AND
SOUTH
AMERICA
EXCHANGED
MAMMALS
THE HIMALAYA
ROSE
TO
BECOME
EARTH S
HIGHEST
MOUNTAIN
RANGE
THE
TETHYS
SEAWAY
CAME
TO
AN
END
HUMAN
EVOLUTION
EARLY
APES
RADIATED
IN AFRICA
AND
ASIA
THE
EARLIEST
HOMINID
LIVED
ABOUT
6
MILLION
YEARS
AGO
THE AUSTRALOPITHECINES
RESEMBLED
BOTH
APES
AND
HUMANS
THE
HUMAN GENUS
MADE
A
SUDDEN APPEARANCE
HOMA
ERECTUS
RESEMBLED
US
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
19-2
THE
LHTNTOTT, CENUS
ARISES
UT
A
TIRNE
OF
SUD.D,EN
CLINMTIC
CHANGE
THE FLORES PEOPLE
WERE CURIOUS
DWARFS
HORUTHEIDEHERGENSI,S
WAS
MORE SIMILAR
TO
US
THAT
HOMO
ERECTUS
THE
NEANDERTHALS
EMERGED
IN
EURASIA
HOMO
SAPIENS
EVOLVED
IN AFRICA
AND
SPREAD
NORTH
(HAPTRR
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONS
465
506
508
509
509
509
509
511
513
514
516
516
577
518
519
465
466
47L
471
472
473
475
477
480
480
481
485
485
485
487
488
489
490
492
493
494
494
495
495
503
504
505
(IIIPTTR
ILL
THE
RETREAT
OF
GLACIERS
AND
THE
HOLOCENE
THE
RETREAT
OF
GLACIERS
525
ABRUPT
GLOBAL
EVENTS
OF
THE
LATEST
PLEISTOCENE
52L
AND
EARLY
HOLOCENE
THE
YOUNGER
DRYAS
EARTH
SYSTEM
SHIFT
2O- L
LIUIDSNCE
THAT A
CCSMET
STRU.CK
EAFTLZ,
CRUSINGTHE
YOUNGER
DTTLAS
EUENL,TLTE
EFUENCTI TN
OF
LARGE
MANTRW S, AND
TLW
DISTT.,PPEARANCE
AJ THE
CLOAI.S
CULTURE
THE
FIRST
AMERICANS
A
SUDDEN
EXTINCTION
OF
LARGE
MAMMALS
CLIMATIC
FLUCTUATIONS
OF
THE
LAST
10,000
YEARS
THE HYPSITHERMAL
INTERVAL
WAS
A
BRIEF PERIOD
OF
GLOBAL
WARMTH
HUMANS INVENTED
AGRICULTURE
GLACIERS,
TREE
LINES,
AND
TREE
RINGS
RECORD
CLIMATIC
CHANGE
TEMPERATURES
HAVE
FLUCTUATED
SINCE
THE
HLPSITHERMAL
INTERVAL
SEVERE
DROUGHTS
HAVE
OCCURRED
DURING
HOLOCENE
TIME
536
SEA
LEVEL
CHANGES
538
SEA
LEVEL
ROSE
RAPIDLY
IN
THE EARLY
HOLOCENE
538
526
526
528
531
5S2
533
534
534
DJD
536
COASTLINES
HAVE
SHIFTED
DURING
THE
PAST
7000
YEARS
THE
TWENTIETH
AND
TWENTY-FIRST
CENTURIES:
THE LMP;RCT
O{
L- NUMANS
ANTHROPOGENIC
GASES
IN
THE
ATRNOSPHERE
ARE
CAUSING
GREENHOUSE
WARMING
FUTURE
CLIMATIC
CHANGE
WILL
HAVE
SERIOUS
CONSEQUENCES
INCREASED
CARBON
DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS
IN
THE
OCEANS
ARE
INHIBITING
CALCIFICATION
BY RNARINE
ORGANISMS
SEA
LEVEL
IS
RISING
POSITIVE
FEEDBACKS
MAY
SPEED
CLIMATIC
CHANGE
(HAPTER
SUMMARY/REVIEW
QUELTIONS
GLOSSARY
LNDEX
543
O+D
546
549
553
569
538
540
540
541
543
APP
ENDIX
:
STRATIGRAPHIC
ST
AGES
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Stanley, Steven M. 1941- Luczaj, John A. |
author_GND | (DE-588)120486539 (DE-588)1053177046 |
author_facet | Stanley, Steven M. 1941- Luczaj, John A. |
author_role | aut aut |
author_sort | Stanley, Steven M. 1941- |
author_variant | s m s sm sms j a l ja jal |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV041935976 |
classification_rvk | RB 10123 TK 1000 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)884513486 (DE-599)BVBBV041935976 |
discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
edition | Fourth edition |
format | Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
id | DE-604.BV041935976 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:08:44Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781429255264 9781319154028 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027379143 |
oclc_num | 884513486 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-188 |
physical | XXVI, 587 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 28 cm |
publishDate | 2015 |
publishDateSearch | 2015 |
publishDateSort | 2015 |
publisher | W.H. Freeman and Company |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Stanley, Steven M. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)120486539 aut Earth system history Steven M. Stanley ; John A. Luczaj Fourth edition New York, NY W.H. Freeman and Company 2015 XXVI, 587 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 28 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Previous edition: 2009 Includes bibliographical references and index Historical geology Physical geology Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd rswk-swf Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd rswk-swf Geodynamik (DE-588)4020212-4 gnd rswk-swf Paläogeografie (DE-588)4132305-1 gnd rswk-swf Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 s Geodynamik (DE-588)4020212-4 s 1\p DE-604 Paläogeografie (DE-588)4132305-1 s 2\p DE-604 Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 s 3\p DE-604 Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 s 4\p DE-604 Luczaj, John A. Verfasser (DE-588)1053177046 aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027379143&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Stanley, Steven M. 1941- Luczaj, John A. Earth system history Historical geology Physical geology Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd Geodynamik (DE-588)4020212-4 gnd Paläogeografie (DE-588)4132305-1 gnd Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4020227-6 (DE-588)4025104-4 (DE-588)4020212-4 (DE-588)4132305-1 (DE-588)4044375-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
title | Earth system history |
title_auth | Earth system history |
title_exact_search | Earth system history |
title_full | Earth system history Steven M. Stanley ; John A. Luczaj |
title_fullStr | Earth system history Steven M. Stanley ; John A. Luczaj |
title_full_unstemmed | Earth system history Steven M. Stanley ; John A. Luczaj |
title_short | Earth system history |
title_sort | earth system history |
topic | Historical geology Physical geology Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd Geodynamik (DE-588)4020212-4 gnd Paläogeografie (DE-588)4132305-1 gnd Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Historical geology Physical geology Geologie Historische Geologie Geodynamik Paläogeografie Paläontologie Lehrbuch |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027379143&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT stanleystevenm earthsystemhistory AT luczajjohna earthsystemhistory |