Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Siedlce
Siedleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe
2013
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 445-475 |
| Beschreibung: | 502 S. Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788362160167 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820595889545150464 |
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| adam_text |
Summary
Social aspects connected with functioning Polish political formations at Lithu-
anian Republic were introduced in this book. It made possible to show the social
meaning of the position of Polish minority in this country. The main point of exit
of analysis was the drawing of the present phenomena’s historical background what
causes the better understanding of problem. The change of borders, displacement,
political and the LSRR ideological conditions influenced on the status of the Polish
population in essential way, the possibility of its organization as well as its activity.
The processes of democratization in USSR called out not only the hope on increase
the range of liberty but it caused the liberation of the Poles activity, who realized
many projects in range of their organization and the reconstruction of social life.
The initiatives also started appearing gradually in the area of political activity, in
the participation in the rules and in the influence of the system of legal state forma-
tion. Poles’ activity escaped in time with process of Lithuanians’ national rebirth and
its endeavours to sovereignty, which stood the source of many insoluble problems
till nowadays. In the analysed period, especially during the years 1989 - 1994, it
characterized with numerous conflicts, tensions and the eruption of social emotions.
The endeavour of the Lithuanian population to form the independent state but about
the clear national character was the basic source from one side meanwhile it called
out the fear and defensive reflexes from Poles’ side waiting for the enlargement of
the law standard as well as free development of one’s community.
The atmosphere of the dispute and the mutual lack of confidence led to the
escalation of tension. The endeavour Polish minority to obtainment the autonomy
became one of the defensive mechanisms what deepened the distance from side
of the majority in fact. The obtainment the independence by the republic was ef-
fective in the Vilnius and Shalchininkai local government disbanding dominated
by Poles and also the row of the inquiry workings in the Polish minority as well
as the atmosphere of distrusts. This situation became broken really in 1994 r. after
the signature treaty between the Lithuanian Republic and the Republic of Poland.
The stimulation of Poles’ activity and awakening their ambition also in the
political as well as social sphere was one of the most essential results of changes. In
the effect Poles received the representation both council and parliamentary. It had
the profitable influence on the range of the Polish education and the development
441 -
Summary
of cultural works, the functioning of the native language as well as undertaking
the work on the issue not only their nationality, but also the local communities. It
was also perceived that the form of Association of Poles in Lithuania (ZPL) as the
social and political organization as it was satisfactory in range of the electoral fight,
it did not assure the expectation of effectiveness in the far working. It was the lack
of control over the chosen representatives, which acted with various ideological
premises, undertaking more than once different decisions. The decision of the crea-
tion the political party was not taken under consideration in fear before breaking
environment simultaneously.
The rise of the first Polish party representing also the part of national minorities
became however affected by change of the legislation. According to general opinion
the limitation the possibility of putting out candidates to councils for political forma-
tions had on the aim of elimination the ZPL from electoral fight. It was however the
opposite result. Poles created the Electoral Action. This formation gradually stood
the leader of the Polish environment and remaining national minorities. In effect the
Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania (AWPL) began playing the most important
part in range of protection Poles and different nationalities’ rights. It influenced also
on the focusing their activity and undertaking the row of initiatives or supporting
these, which were initiated by the different environments and it was recognized
as correct and proper. This Action had the essential influence at the organization
of the local life and the satisfying of collective needs on terrains of compact living
Polish population. Especially in Shalchininkai and the Vilnius regions, where it has
ruled unceasingly since 1995 and the symptoms of the alternation of authority even
do not appear. It is then the sensation in scale of whole Lithuania. Moreover, it got
also the representation in many different councils coming in the composition of
the ruling coalition periodically. At present from seven administrative individuals,
where the AWPL is represented, in six it is at power, what is the certificate of the
large acceptance from electors’ side as well as this is the isolation break by posses-
sion the coalition ability.
Having the influence on functioning the local communities, on its terrain it as-
sures the solving of current problems not only, but it ties special worry to the issue
of the native education, language and culture. This in the principal way influences
on the limitation of assimilative processes. It stimulates the social activity. It enlarges
also the chances of the social promotion of youth. The important meaning is of
showing the Poles’ postulates in scale of country and on the international arena by
the AWPL. This contributes to the solving of part of the problems, slowing the pace
of growth of different ones and taking under attention the opinion of the Polish
party during undertaking the decision by the authority. The Action produced the
mechanisms of defence, but it also undertook the row of initiatives going beyond
from matters of minority aiming to logging also the Lithuanian electorate. From here
there are many postulates due to the sphere of economy, underlining the necessity
— 442 —
Summary
of the active role of state, the elevation of standard of the least endowed life and the
protection of population groups at risk of the marginalization.
The activity of the AWPL was contested by some groups in the Polish or Russian
environment. It was received with large distance among Lithuanians. It was due
to the treatment of this party as the serious rival to the local government and the
leader of minority. The attempt to create the alternative formation of Polish character
which would take over the electorate, advocating the different slogans were however
short-lived and not enough effective. Both the Alliance of National Minorities - the
Alliance of Citizens of Lithuania, the Congress of Poles of Lithuania, Polish Peoples
Party, Polish subcommittee of New Union - Polish Club in Lithuania „ProLibera”, or
the individual attempts of realizing the career in the different formations by Poles
did not bring more considerable and long-lasting effects for Polish community.
They did not gain also the wider social support.
However, all initiatives, in spite of the mutual competition and sometimes even
the hostility, were the trials of the search of the mechanisms of changing of the Poles
position in the structure of the country and the stimulation of activity. This activ-
ity contributed to growth of the intensity of interaction, the protection of identity,
showing the essential social problems, ways of their solving, propagating the duties
to the group, the interests of the public matters. In effect the new political elite was
also shaped. The activity of these formations gave the possibility of professional
and social promotion, also for Poles who did not belong to them. Despite of the
competitiveness the strength of Polish electorate and its domination in Vilnius city
regions had been shown. Surely, with the lack of formations of the Polish character,
especially of the Polish party the AWPL, the Polish electorate would lose on meaning
and it was distracted. This it would limit the possibility of satisfying the community
needs. The activity of Action was not, as its enemies showed, the endeavour of the
autarky or creating the Polish ghetto’, but it made possible to active coming in the
social life and fulfilling the different roles, which would be unattainable without
own political representation.
The distance was clearly perceptible in relations of the majority and the minority
of society of Lithuania. It was caused by the secular history, the matter of formation
of the state and especially of the controversial territorial area, the concentration of
the spatial Polish population, the competition about domination on definite areas
and the mutual fears. The lack of the proper dialogue influenced on shaping the
antagonistic relations. Their breaking followed not in the result of the interstate
initiatives paradoxically, or the intervention from the side of Matrix, but first of all
with the growth of meaning of the leading Polish party. The feeling of the threat of
functioning as the national community, being with after-effect of pressure of vari-
ous political environments, undertaken administrative decisions and the legislative
changes, led to the consolidation, the realizing of common workings, focusing around
own political environment as well as even in extreme cases of the civil disobedience.
443 =
Summary
This did not cause, however, the restraint of the unfavourable processes as the as-
similation with the nation of the predominant one, although it influenced on the
slowing and limitation of some negative tendencies.
However, it should be taken under the consideration that in the result of activ-
ity of the Polish community and especially its political formations, Poles stood
the special leader of national minorities. Initially the third nationality at republic,
and then the second, satisfied its group needs by several organizations, the net of
educational places, the councils, the Lower House, the European Parliament. The
representatives role of the AWPL in the presidential choices showed the compact-
ness of the Polish environment, and it was also the factor of the mobilization. In the
consequence of activity of its electorate the Action broadened the parliamentary
representation and it entered in the composition of the coalition ruling. In spite of
that many problems were not solved, any different minority did not work out so ef-
ficient mechanisms of endeavour of the protection and extension of right standards.
In effect representatives of different nationalities joined especially with the AWPL to
act for the nation to which they belonged. It also influenced on the consolidation of
the Polish party and the enlargement of its electorate. The Electoral Action became
not only the leading formation of Polish community but also its activity reflected
in functioning of the different nationalities.
In the social dimension the Polish formations had meaning not only in aspect of
identity, identification, detains, activation and communities. They defined aims and
ambitions and also aroused, motivated to the team activity, they showed the value
and they led to the elevation of the rank of minority. Thanks to the national char-
acter they contributed to keep the Vilnius multicultural character. They influenced
on shaping the social arrangement by the participation in holding the power and
showing the directions of activities. They showed that Poles are the loyal citizens of
the Lithuanian Republic and they want actively to participate in the development
of country. They desire, however, to influence on the reigning system in the direc-
tion of the equally right standard as well as liberties for all citizens, with the respect
for the minority rights, peaceably with European standards. First of all the leading
formation the Poles’ Electoral Action in Lithuania, is the warrant of the defence of
group businesses in the situation of the very important dispute in the nationalistic
background. From its strength and activity the position and the future of the Polish
minority depends. However, the effects of participation in the ruling coalition of
the country and the range of the postulates satisfied thanks to it will have essential
influence for far functioning of this party.
= 444
Turinys
Pratarmė.^
I skyrius. Lenkai iietuvoje kovos už Respublikos nepriklausomybę metais.23
1. Lenkų gyventojų statusas LTSR.23
2. Perestroika ir permainų pradžia.31
3. Lietuvos nepriklausomybės Sąjūdis ir lenkai.35
4. Ginčai dė! valstybinės kalbos.46
5. Ėjimas j lenkų autonomiją.52
6. Lenkai ir Lietuvos nepriklausomybė.65
II skyrius. Lenkų veiklos įtakos didėjimo visuomeniniame gyvenime lenkų
visuomeninių ir politinių organizacijų veiklos dėka.83
1. Lietuvos lenkų sąjunga.84
2. Lietuvos lenkų kongresas.110
III skyrius. Lenkų politinių partijų vaidmuo ir svarba ir lenkų aktyvumo
problema kitose politinėse struktūrose.119
1. Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija.121
2. Lietuvos tautinių mažumų aljansas - Lietuvos piliečių aljansas.145
3. Lietuvos lenkų liaudies partija.152
4. Lenkų dalyvavimas kitose Lietuvos partijose.158
5. Naujosios sąjungos Lenkų pakomitetis - Lietuvos lenkų
klubas „ProLibera”.167
IY skyrius. Tarp atšķirties ir bendradarbiavimo. Lenkų partijos Lietuvos
Respublikos savivaldybėse.175
1. Atšķirties didinimo mėginimai ir lenkų savivaldos apribojimai
vietinės valdžios organuose.176
1.1.1990-1995 metų kadencija. Nuo savivaldos atgimimo iki tiesioginio
valdymo. LLS nesutikimas su visuomenine demobilizacija.176
1.2.1995-1997 metų kadencija. Savivaldybių įtraukimas į partijas.183
1.3.1997-2000 metų kadencija. Bandymas suskaldyti savivaldybes.193
2. LLRA vaidmens didėjimas savivaldoje.202
2.1. 2000-2003 metų kadencija. LLRA išėjimas iš izoliacijos.202
2.2.2003-2007 metų kadencija. LLRA pergalė rinkimuose prieš LLLP.211
3. LLRA ֊ svarbus savivaldos partneris kitų joje dalyvaujančių
Lietuvos partijų gretose.շշւ
3.1.2007-2011 metų kadencija. LLRA populiarumo augimas.221
3.2.2011-2015 metų kadencijos rinkimai. LLRA sėkmė.229
V skyrius. Sąlygos ir lenkų visuomeninio sambūrio atstovybės suformavimo
parlamente procesas ir jos vaidmuo lenkų tautinei mažumai.239
5 =
Turinys
1. Lenkų atstovybė parlamente Lietuvos atgimimo laikotarpiu
ir pirmaisiais Nepriklausomybės metais.242
1.1. 1990-1992 metų kadencija. Nepriklausomybės klausimas
ir lenkų postulatai.242
1.2. 1992-1996 metų kadencija. Lenkų parlamentarai permainų procese. 247
2. Naujų būdų paieška lenkų tautinės mažumos poreikių tenkinimui.254
2.1. 1996-2000 metų kadencija. Konkurencija dėl lenkų tautinės
mažumos atstovavimo mandato.254
2.2. 2000-2004 metų kadencija. LLRA pirmą kartą Vyriausybėje.261
2.3. 2004-2008 metų kadencija. LLRA antrą kartą Vyriausybėje.273
2.4. 2008-2012 metų kadencija. Gausesnis atstovavimas.281
3. Naujas visuomenių santykių lygmuo. 289
3.1. 2012-2016 metų kadencijos rinkimai. LLRA frakcija
Seime ir atstovavimo Vyriausybėje svarba.289
3.2. Dalyvavimas Lietuvos-Lenkijos nuolatinėse tarpparlamentinių
ryšių delegacijose bei dvišalėse grupėse.297
VI skyrius. Lenkai ir prezidento bei europos parlamento rinkimai.307
1. Prezidento institucijos sugrąžinimas. Algirdas Brazauskas
- pirmasis šalies prezidentas.307
2. Lenkų kalba kaip rinkiminio žaidimo elementas. Valdas Adamkaus
kadencijos metai.311
3. Nutrūkusi kadencija. Rolando Pakso prezidentavimo metai.316
4. Antroji Valdas Adamkaus kadencija.322
5. Lietuva prieš Valdemaro Tomaševskio kandidatūros kėlimo faktą
Lietuvos Prezidento rinkimuose. Dalia Grybauskaitės pergalė.324
6. Referendumas dėl stojimo į ES. Lietuva - Europos Sąjungoje.332
7. Pirmieji rinkimai į Europos Parlamentą.339
8. LLRA atstovas Europos Parlamente.346
VII skyrius. Tarp deklaravimo ir praktikos. Lenkų tautinės mažumos
problemos lietuvos valstybės politikos ir savojo visuomeninio
bei politinio aktyvumo kontekste .359
1. Lenkų kalba kaip vietinė kalba.360
2. Vardų ir pavardžių rašyba kaip visuomeninė ir identiteto problema.372
3. Lenkų švietimo funkcionavimo pavojai.378
4. Nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo problema.399
5. Lietuvos lenkai Lietuvos Respublikos ir Lenkijos Respublikos
tarpvalstybinių santykių kontekste. 413
Zakończenie.433
Santrauka. 437
Summary.441
Bibliografija. 445
Lentelių ir brėžinių sąrašas.476
Svarbiausių santrumpų sąrašas.477
Pavardžių rodyklė. 479
Lotynų abėcėlė.479
Rusų abėcėlė.500
= 6
Contents
Introduction.9
Chapter I. Poles in Lithuania in period of the faith of the Republic Independence. 23
1. Status of Polish population in LSRR .23
2. Perestroika and the beginning of changes.31
3. Lithuanian independence movement according to Poles.35
4. Dispute about official language.46
5. Endeavour of to Polish autonomy.52
6. Poles according to independence of Lithuania.65
Chapter II. Increasing the presence of the Poles in the public life through
the activities of the Polish socio-political formations.83
1. Association of Poles in Lithuania.84
2. Congress of Poles of Lithuania.110
Chapter III. Role and importance of the Polish political parties and the
issue of Polish people’s involvement in other political formations.119
1. Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania.121
2. Alliance of National Minorities of Lithuania - the Alliance
of Citizens of Lithuania.145
3. Polish Peoples Party.152
4. The issue of Poles’ activity in different Lithuanian parties.158
5. Polish subcommittee of New Union - Polish Club
in Lithuania „ProLibera”.167
Chapter IV. Between isolation and cooperation. Polish formations
at Councils of the Lithuanian Republic.175
1. The pursuit of isalation and limitations to the Polish local
government representatives in the municipal authorities.176
1.1. Term of office 1990-1995. From shaping self-government
to commissioner’s management. The combat of social
demobilization by the Association of Poles in Lithuania.176
1.2. Term of office 1995-1997. Party influences on the councils.183
1.3. Term of office 1997-2000. Attempts of the council crumbling.193
2. An increase in importance of the Electoral Action of Poles
in Lithuania in the local governments.202
2.1. Term of office 2000-2003. The exit of the AWPL from isolation.202
2.2. Term of office 2003-2007. An electoral victory of the Electoral
Action of Poles in Lithuania over the Polish Peoples’ Party.211
3. The Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania as an important
partner for the national parties in the local governments.221
3.1. Term of office 2007-2011. The growth of support for the AWPL.221
3.2. Elections on term of office 2011-2015. The success of the AWPL.229
Chapter V. Conditions and the process of shaping the parliamentary representa-
tion of the Polish formations and its initiatives for the Polish Minority.239
7
Contens
1. The Polish parliamentary representation during the reconstruction
of the Lithuanian statehood and in the early years of her sovereignty.242
1.1. Term of office 1990* 1992. The issue of sovereignty vs. Polish claims.242
1.2. Term of office 1992-1996. Polish deputies in the process
of transformation.247
2. In search of new ways of fulfillment of the Polish minority s needs.254
2.1. Term of office 1996-2000. Competition and social mandate
of the Polish community.·.254
2.2. Term of office 2000-2004. The AWPL the first time in the government. 261
2.3. Term of office 2004-2008. The AWPL the second time in the government. 273
2.4. Term of office 2008-2012. Enlargement of the representation.281
3. A new standard of mutual relationships.289
3.1. Elections on term of office 2012-2016. The fraction of the Electoral
Action of Poles in Lithuania in parliament and its significant
representation in the government.289
3.2. Membership to Lithuanian - Polish solid parliamentary delegations
and the bilateral groups.297
Chapter VI. Poles in the face to presidential and europarlamentary elections.307
1. Restoration of the presidents office. Algirdas Brazauskas
the first head of the state.307
2. Polish Language as the constituent of the electoral game.
Presidency of Valdas Adamkus.311
3. The broken term of office. Presidency of Rolandas Paksas.316
4. The renewed term of office of Valdas Adamkus.322
5. Lithuania facing the candidature of Waldemar Tomaszewski
for President. The victory of Dalia Grybauskaité.324
6. The access referendum. Lithuania in the European Union.332
7. The first elections to the European Parliament.339
8. Obtainment of the representation at the European Parliament
by the AWPL.346
Chapter VII. Declarations vs. real life. The problems of Polish Minority in the
perspective of the Lithuanian state policy and own social-political activity 359
1. The matter of Polish language as the auxiliary oneo.360
2. Spelling of names and surnames as the social and identity problem . 372
3. Threats to the Polish educational system.378
4. Problem of the reprivatisation.399
5. Poles in Lithuania in context of the interstate relations between
the Republic of Lithuania and the Polish Republic.413
Zakończenie.433
Santrauka. 437
Summary.441
Bibliography.445
The list of schedules and the graphs.476
List of more important shortcuts.477
Personal index. 479
Latin alphabet.479
Russian alphabet.500
8 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bobryk, Adam 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)108985076X |
| author_facet | Bobryk, Adam 1967- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bobryk, Adam 1967- |
| author_variant | a b ab |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041928997 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8280 NQ 8284 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)910297775 (DE-599)BVBBV041928997 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1989-2013 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1989-2013 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV041928997 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:12:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788362160167 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027372348 |
| oclc_num | 910297775 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 502 S. Diagramme 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Siedleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bobryk, Adam 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)108985076X aut Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 Adam Bobryk Siedlce Siedleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe 2013 502 S. Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 445-475 Zusammenfassung in polnischer, englischer und litauischer Sprache Geschichte 1989-2013 gnd rswk-swf Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd rswk-swf Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 s Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 s Geschichte 1989-2013 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027372348&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027372348&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bobryk, Adam 1967- Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044737-6 (DE-588)4046497-0 (DE-588)4074266-0 |
| title | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 |
| title_auth | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 |
| title_exact_search | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 |
| title_full | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 Adam Bobryk |
| title_fullStr | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 Adam Bobryk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 Adam Bobryk |
| title_short | Społeczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowań politycznych w Republice Litewskiej 1989 - 2013 |
| title_sort | spoleczne znaczenie funkcjonowania polskich ugrupowan politycznych w republice litewskiej 1989 2013 |
| topic | Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Partei Polen Volk Litauen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027372348&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027372348&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bobrykadam społeczneznaczeniefunkcjonowaniapolskichugrupowanpolitycznychwrepublicelitewskiej19892013 |