Autecology: organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics
"This book spells out the theoretical structure, methodology and philosophy of the science of autecology. The autecological approach focuses on the interactions of individual organisms (and their species-specific adaptations) with the spatio-temporal dynamics of their environment as a basis for...
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton
Taylor & Francis
2014
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Cover image Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | "This book spells out the theoretical structure, methodology and philosophy of the science of autecology. The autecological approach focuses on the interactions of individual organisms (and their species-specific adaptations) with the spatio-temporal dynamics of their environment as a basis for interpreting patterns of diversity and abundance in natural systems. This organism-based approach to ecological interpretation provides a strong alternative to more traditional approaches and relates mechanistically to the underlying disciplines of anatomy, physiology, and behavior. The book includes illustrations, specific examples, graphs, maps, and other diagrams".. |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XV, 467 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9781482214147 |
Internformat
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650 | 7 | |a NATURE / Ecology |2 bisacsh | |
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650 | 4 | |a Philosophie | |
650 | 4 | |a Ökologie | |
650 | 4 | |a Ecology |x Philosophy | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | AUTECOLOGY
Organisms, Interactions
and
Environmental Dynamics
Gimme H Walter
School of Biological Sciences
The University of Queensland
Brisbane QLD
Australia
Rob Hengeveld
Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen
Vrije Universiteit
HV Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Taylor amp; Francis Croup
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor amp; Francis Croup, an informa business
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
•••• ••••
Li1fJ • J • • •
Contents
Preface vii-x
CHAPTER 1
Introduction—An Outline and Justification for Autecology 1-8
CHAPTER 2
Two Alternative Approaches in Ecology 9-20
1 Introduction 9
2 Outbreaks of Australian Psyllids 10
3 The Demographic Approach 11
3 1 Analysis and Interpretation 11
3 2 Evaluation 13
4 The Autecological Approach 15
4 1 Analysis and Interpretation 15
4 2 Evaluation 16
5 Extending Each of the Psyllid Studies 18
6 Inferences for General Ecological Interpretation 19
CHAPTER 3
Basic Ecological Processes and the Autecological Generalization 21-88
1 Introduction 21
2 Individual Organisms and Their Ecological Interactions 25
2 1 Resource Acquisition—-Foraging in Birds 29
2 2 Resource Acquisition—Feeding in Tropical Fruit Flies
(Tephritidae) 35
2 3 Plant-Microbial Interactions in the Soil 37
2 4 Respiratory Mechanisms in Plants 39
2 5 Localization of Hosts and Mates 43
2 6 Adaptations for Movement 48
2 7 Conclusions—Environmental Interactions and Evolutionary
Change 55
xii Autecology—Organisms, Interactions and Environmental Dynamics
3 Examples of Specifically Structured Lifelines 56
3 1 Plants 56
3 2 Adelie Penguins—Birds of the Pack Ice 62
3 3 Large Terrestrial Mammals 66
3 4 Invertebrates With Discrete Phases to the Life Cycle 74
3 5 Conclusions—Conceptual Developments 82
4 The Galton Board Metaphor 82
5 The General Aim and Structure of Autecology 85
CHAPTER 4
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics—Climatic Variables and the
Response Rates of Organisms 89-136
1 Introduction 89
2 Climate in Ecological Perspective 92
2 1 The Diversity of Climatic Influences 92
2 2 An Analysis of Climate Variabilityin Europe 92
2 3 Climate Variability and Its Ecological Consequences 98
3 Ecological Dynamics 101
3 1 The Quaternary Perspective—Beetles 102
3 2 Dutch Ground Beetles 105
3 3 Beech Trees in the Holarctic 114
3 4 Spatio-Temporal Perspective on Breeding Bird Densities 118
3 5 Tropical Systems 124
3 6 Rates of Change 129
4 Ecological Dynamics and Autecology 130
4 1 Nature of Autecological Theory 131
4 2 Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Species—
The Primary Pattern for Explanation 131
4 3 Understanding Species and Ecological Interpretation 132
4 4 Climatic Influences 133
4 5 Movement of Organisms—Spatial Adjustment to
Environmental Change 134
5 Conclusion—General Aims for Autecological Theory 136
CHAPTER 5
Environmental Matching—Individuals, Species and
Scales in Ecology 137-164
1 Introduction 137
2 The Environment in Autecology—Variables, Structure and
Heterogeneity 139
3 The Requirements and Tolerances of Organisms are
„ Species-Specific and Species-Wide 142
4 Structured Processes and Environmental Matching 150
5 Ecological Adjustment—Scales and Locality of Ecological
Investigation 152
5 1 Spatial Scales of Variation 153
5 2 Temporal Scales of Variation 155
Contents xiii
5 3 The Relevance of Species in Ecology—
The Specification of Scale 157
5 4 Autecology and Scales of Variation 158
6 Autecology, Adaptation and Speciation 159
7 Overview 163
CHAPTER 6
Environmental Response Systems of Organisms—
Co-Determinants of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics 165-192
1 Introduction 165
2 Autecology in Relation to Ecophysiology,
Ecomorphology and Ethology 167
3 The Questions that Define Autecology 169
3 1 Relationships Between Sub-Disciplines in Biology 169
3 2 Ecology as a Sub-Discipline in Biology—
Patterns and Questions 172
4 Environmental Response Systems 177
4 1 Understanding the Environmental Response System 177
4 2 Autonomic and Active Response Systems 180
4 3 Individuals and Adaptive Mechanisms 181
4 4 Species and Adaptive Change 185
4 5 Ecological Generalization and Prediction 188
5 Species-Specificity and Ecological Context 190
6 Conclusion 192
CHAPTER 7
Quantifying Autecology—
Survival, Reproduction and Movement 193-224
1 Introduction 193
2 Studying Population Dynamics 195
3 The Intrinsic Rate of Population Increase, r,
and Constraining Exponential Growth 197
4 The Underlying Assumptions—The Paradox of Retaining the
Logistic 201
5 Structuring the Ecological Response Process 204
5 1 R0 and Structuring the Ecological Response Process 205
5 2 Consequences for Ecological Understanding and Applied
Ecology 211
5 3 Extending R0 Through the Diffusion Parameter D 214
5 4 Ecological Insights 216
5 5 Risk Analysis 218
6 Some Methodological Remarks 219
6 1 Modeling Aims 219
6 2 Retrospective versus Prospective Explanation 220
7 Conclusion 222
xiv Autecology—Organisms, Interactions and Environmental Dynamics
CHAPTER 8
Research in Ecology—Patterns and the Scientific Exploration
and Reconstruction of Ecological Processes 225-269
1 Introduction 225
2 Process Structure and Approaches to its Analysis in Ecology 229
3 Pattern Identification and Justification (Phase 1) 232
3 1 The Pattern of Discrete Species 232
3 2 Population Stability 237
3 3 Null Models in Tests of Pattern 239
34 Curve Fitting and Simulation Procedures 242
4 Exploration of Candidate Variables (Phase 2) 243
4 1 Statistical Analysis 244
4 2 Population Dynamics and Community Ecology are Still in
Exploration Phase 247
5 Reconstruction (Modeling of Ecological Processes to Test
Interpretation) (Phase 3) 249
5 1 Mechanistic Modeling 250
5 2 Types of Models for Analyzing Ecological Processes 252
5 3 Deterministic Models and Their Limitations in Ecology 253
5 4 Chaos Dynamics and Determinism 255
5 5 Stochastic Processes 258
6 A Worked Example—The Reconstruction of Biological
Invasions 264
7 Conclusion 268
CHAPTER 9
Organisms Across Space and Over Time—
Deterministic Structures, Stochastic Influences,
Environmental Gradients and Risk Analysis 270-326
1 Introduction 270
2 Adaptive Mechanisms and the Environment—Deterministic Structure
and Stochastic Influences 274
3 Individual Organisms, Ecological Dynamics and Ecological
Intensity 278
3 1 Individuals and Movement—Defining the Problem 278
3 2 Environmental Dynamics—Spatial and Temporal
Variation 282
3 3 Ecological Intensity (Relative to Concepts of Population) 292
3 4 Ecology and the Significance of Species 300
4 Autecological Analysis 302
4 1 Markovian Habitat Tracking, Stochastic Dynamics and Risk
Analysis 302
4 2 Dealing With Spatial Variation in Terms of Risk 305
4 3 Environmental Stochasticity, Adaptations and Risk
Analysis 309
4 4 Risk Distributions and Reductionist Methodology 316
Contents xv
5 Autecological Synthesis—Examples of Dynamic Ecological
Matching 317
5 1 Bluebell Life Cycle and Seasonal Structure of the
Environment 318
5 2 Variation in Growing Conditions During an Organism s
Lifetime 320
5 3 Risk Analysis in Scottish Oats 322
5 4 Conclusion 325
6 The Development of Autecology— Central Questions 325
CHAPTER 10
Contrasting the Ecological Paradigms—Principles, Related
Sub-Disciplines, General Laws and Prediction 327-366
1 Introduction 327
2 Coherence in Ecological Theory 331
3 Basic Approach and Principles of Each Paradigm 332
3 1 Demographic Ecology 334
3 2 Autecology 336
3 3 Section Summary 340
4 Communities, Ecosystems and Hierarchy —Paradigmatic
Perceptions 340
4 1 Community Ecology 340
4 2 Ecosystem Ecology 342
4 3 Why Ecological Systems are Not Hierarchical 343
5 Relationships of the Two Paradigms to Other Sub-Disciplines 344
5 1 Demographic Ecology 345
5 2 Autecology 351
6 Resolving the Ambivalence in the Term Autecology 356
7 Scientific Laws, Prediction and the Two Ecological Paradigms 358
7 1 Demographic Ecology and Laws Aimed at Prediction 360
7 2 Autecology and Laws Aimed at Interpretation 362
8 Conclusions 364
Appendix
Glossary
References
Index
367-370
371-384
385-440
441-467
|
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spelling | Walter, Gimme Hugh Verfasser aut Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics Gimme H. Walter, Rob Hengeveld Boca Raton Taylor & Francis 2014 XV, 467 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "This book spells out the theoretical structure, methodology and philosophy of the science of autecology. The autecological approach focuses on the interactions of individual organisms (and their species-specific adaptations) with the spatio-temporal dynamics of their environment as a basis for interpreting patterns of diversity and abundance in natural systems. This organism-based approach to ecological interpretation provides a strong alternative to more traditional approaches and relates mechanistically to the underlying disciplines of anatomy, physiology, and behavior. The book includes illustrations, specific examples, graphs, maps, and other diagrams".. NATURE / Ecology bisacsh SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution bisacsh Philosophie Ökologie Ecology Philosophy Biotic communities Paleoecology NATURE / Ecology SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd rswk-swf Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 s DE-604 Hengeveld, Rob Verfasser aut http://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/websmall/978148221/9781482214147.jpg Cover image HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027331350&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Walter, Gimme Hugh Hengeveld, Rob Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics NATURE / Ecology bisacsh SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution bisacsh Philosophie Ökologie Ecology Philosophy Biotic communities Paleoecology NATURE / Ecology SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4143684-2 |
title | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics |
title_auth | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics |
title_exact_search | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics |
title_full | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics Gimme H. Walter, Rob Hengeveld |
title_fullStr | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics Gimme H. Walter, Rob Hengeveld |
title_full_unstemmed | Autecology organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics Gimme H. Walter, Rob Hengeveld |
title_short | Autecology |
title_sort | autecology organisms interactions and environmental dynamics |
title_sub | organisms, interactions and environmental dynamics |
topic | NATURE / Ecology bisacsh SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution bisacsh Philosophie Ökologie Ecology Philosophy Biotic communities Paleoecology NATURE / Ecology SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd |
topic_facet | NATURE / Ecology SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Evolution Philosophie Ökologie Ecology Philosophy Biotic communities Paleoecology Autökologie |
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