Pražští kupci na cestách: předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Czech |
Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Nakl. Mishkezy
2013
|
Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Prague before the battle at White Mountain and Central European markets |
Beschreibung: | 350 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
ISBN: | 9788087886014 |
Internformat
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650 | 7 | |a Obchodníci / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Obchodní stezky / Česko / 16.-17. stol |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Obchodní stezky / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Dějiny obchodu / Česko / 16.-17. stol |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Dějiny obchodu / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Commerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Commerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Businessmen / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Businessmen / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Trade routes / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
650 | 7 | |a Trade routes / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries |2 czenas | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text |
Obsah
Úvod
13
1.
Praha v době předbělohorské
31
Politický, kulturní a společenský- rozvoj města
31
Křesťanské ekonomické elity
33
Dvorští kupci
41
Ekonomické elity židovské společnosti
45
2.
Právní prostředí pro obchod v raně novověké Praze
52
Právo hostí a právo skladu
54
Vývoj právních norem do doby předbělohorské
54
Celnice v Týnském dvoře
60
Ungelt a městská cla
63
Stará rychta
67
Organizace pražských obchodníků
69
Středověká kupecká bratrstva
69
Cechovní korporace
16.
století
71
Živnosti svobodné
76
Privilegované skupiny obchodníků
79
Norimberčané
79
Chebané
82
Vratislavané
82
Právní prostředí pro obchod Židů
85
Celní systém v zemích Koruny české
92
Vývozní a dovozní clo
92
Židé a celní systém
96
Clo a tranzitní obchod přes české země
97
3.
Evropský dálkový obchod v raném novověku
102
Změny v evropském obchodě
16.
století
102
Polsko-litevské trhy ve světle změn
105
Proměna středoevropského trhu
109
Praha na dálkových obchodních trasách
110
Síť suchozemských cest
110
Vodní doprava
117
Zahraniční obchod předbělohorské Prahy
118
Norimberk
119
Augšpurk
122
Frankfurt nad Mohanem
125
Lipské veletrhy
128
Rakouské trhy
134
Linec
136
Křemže
139
Vídeň
141
Italské trhy
142
Uhry
147
4.
Obchodní vztahy mezi Prahou a Slezskem
150
Slezsko v evropském obchodě
150
Hlavní tendence zahraničního obchodu Vratislavi
154
Obchodní kontakty mezi Prahou a Vratislaví
158
Lucemburkové a jejich privilegia
158
Obchod mezi Prahou a Vratislaví v době předbělohorské
161
Tranzitní obchod mezi (Polskem), Slezskem a Norimberkem
166
5.
Obchodní vztahy mezi Prahou a Polsko-litevskou unií
174
Polsko-litevská unie na prahu novověku
174
Právo skladu a privilegované obchodní cesty
175
Celní politika polsko-litevského státuv
16.
století
177
Česko-poíský obchod do počátku
16.
století
180
Kontakty mezi pražskými a polskými Židy
181
Komunita českých Židů v Kaziměři
182
Pražští Židé v Poznani
185
Česko-polský obchod v
16.
století
187
Poznaň
188
8
6.
Dálkový obchod mezi Prahou a Krakovem
200
Krakov
—
rezidenční město na Visle
200
Obchod mezi Prahou a Krakovem v době rudolfínské
207
Krakovské celní rejstříky a jejich interpretace
207
Obchodníci mezi Prahou a Krakovem
216
Pobyt pražských kupců v Krakově
225
Spolupráce mezi kupci
227
Sortiment zboží
228
Analýza obchodu mezi oběma městy
232
7.
Obchodní praxe
238
Rozšíření nových technik finančnictví
238
Finanční úvěr
239
Křesťané a finanční úvěr
241
Židé a právní omezování jejich finančních úvěrů
243
Obchodní úvěr
245
Vzájemná směna zboží
248
Právní pojištění obchodu
249
Dlužní úpisy
250
Registrace do úředních knih
251
Zápis do obchodních knih
253
Mezinárodní bezhotovostní platební styk
255
Obchodní společnosti pražských obchodníků
258
Společnosti křesťanských obchodníků
258
Obchodní společnosti pražských Židů
260
Organizace prodeje
262
Komisní prodej
262
Faktorství
263
Kupecký personál
264
Účetnictví
265
Vzdělání a znalosti obchodníků
267
Média ve službách obchodu
273
Doprava zboží
277
Cesty a jejich stav v raném novověku
277
Technický pokrok v dopravě
278
Organizace přepravy zboží
284
Rizika a nebezpečí na cestách
286
8.
Závěr
292
9.
Přílohy
296
Resumé
Prague
merchants on the road.
297
Prague before the Battle at White Mountain
and Central European markets
297
Seznam zkratek
302
Peníze a peněžní početní jednotky v
16.
století
305
Staré váhy a míry
306
Seznam tabulek
307
Vyobrazení
308
Slovník pojmů
312
Přehled použitých pramenů
314
Výběrová bibliografie
318
Rejstřík (výběrový)
325
10
Resumé
Prague
merchants on the road.
Prague before the Battle at White
Mountain and Central European markets
The main topic of the publication is long-distance, foreign trade of Prague
at the Age before the Battle at White Mountain
(1526-1618)
with the
focus, above all, on Central European markets. The paper
-
a result of
the author's long-time research in Czech and foreign archives (Leipzig,
Wroclaw, Krakow and Warsaw)
—
points out long-distance trade between
Prague and Silesia, as well as business contacts between Prague and Poland.
This mutual trade is described in the context of other European markets
which the Prague merchants were connected to.
Prague's general social and cultural environment and, at the same time,
changes which were taking place in the local Christian and Jewish com¬
munities at the Age before the Battle at White Mountain are subject of
the chapter Prague at the Age before the Battle at White Mountain. The
concept of the following chapter Legal Environment of Trade in Early-
Modern Era Prague comes out of the authors opinion that it was the ruler,
town councils and merchants' guilds that were of supreme importance for
the formation of legal environment of trade in the early modern era. These
authorities whose interests were not necessarily identical but sometimes
rather in a direct conflict, created then the basic legislative framework
in which trade was pursued. In this context, the fundamental legislative
regulations are analyzed (right of guests, staple right, customs instructions,
business privileges, town councils' rulings, statutes of the guilds) which
were governing the trade in Prague, and, at the same time, the real extent
of their impact on everyday business practices and merchants* dealings is
explored.
Tlie
issue is viewed both, from the point of view of Christian and
Jewish merchants.
297
In the chapter European Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern Era,
Prague is put into broader context of the European trade. Results of the
research evidence that Prague's foreign trade was influenced in its major
features by turbulent development of this Central European metropolis,
which began before the mid— 16th century and culminated in the Rudolphine
time after the imperial court was removed to Prague
(1583).
The changes
were reflected in the demographic area when the number of city inhabitants
in the last third of 16th century is estimated at
60 000-70 000
people, and
also in the increased demand on everyday and consumable articles, as well
as luxurious goods, Prague's market responded to this demand in a very
flexible and sensitive way, which had an impact on increased import of the
goods from leading (Central) European markets.
Until the
60s
and
70
s
of
1
6th century, Prague's foreign trade had been
strongly influenced by its traditional connections to Nuremberg and Augs¬
burg. However, it gradually became influenced by changes in the European
trade proceeding since the end of 15th century. It was, above all, the change
of inland trade routes and the shift of business focal points to the shores
of the North Sea and the Adantic Ocean. In Central Europe such changes
manifested themselves in strengthening of the Via
Regia
trade route going
from Poland to the German lands throu^i Wroclaw and Leipzig, at the expense
of the old route leading from Eastern Europe through Prague to Nurem¬
berg. Far from convenient customs policy of the Habsburgs, this was one
of the factors causing diminished intensity of the Polish-Silesian-German
transit trade, which was going through the Czech lands in the second half
of 16th century. It was mainly rise of Leipzig whose markets achieved as
dominant position in the Central European region of the mid-
1
6th cen¬
tury as Frankfurt am Main in Rhineland. Beside Nuremberg, Leipzig was
one of the most visited places of the Prague merchants from which they
imported Eastern European goods (leather, fur) and Western European
goods (cloth, silk, Southern wines), as well as colonial articles and to where,
they exported wool, cloth, linen and paper. With its fairs, Leipzig, similarly
as Austrian
Linz, also
represented for Prague's merchants a place of making
deals with Western European, Dutch or Southern German companies, and
subsequently it was where they paid their commercial credits.
Ongoing economic changes had also impact on the Southern Europe
and the Mediterranean. Italian shops expanded to the areas north of the
Alps before the mid-16th century and gave a new character to the markets
in
Linz
and Kremtz; from
70s
and
80s
of 16th century they became the
298
main suppliers of grocer's and Mediterranean goods also for Prague. Prague's
merchants used to go to pick up the goods most often to
Linz
or Kremtz,
however, they also made deals with the Italian and Austrian merchants back
in Prague. At the same time, West German companies started to penetrate
Prague (Frankfurt am Main, Cologne, Hamburg), looking for new markets
in the Central Europe. The war with the Turks on Balkan, reducing contact
with Hungary, had also a significant effect on trade.
The mutual trade between Prague and Wroclaw, or Silesia, is a sub¬
ject of the subsequent chapter Trade Relations between Prague and Silesia.
The research results suggest that commercial relations between both towns
were rather weak, in comparison with connections of the Prague merchants
to companies from Nuremberg and Augsburg, and later Western Europe
and Italy. To a certain extent, this fact can be explained by fragments of
preserved sources (in Wroclaw), nevertheless Prague sources do not refer
to more frequent trade relations either. Such results therefore support the
hypothesis that despite legal and political belonging of Silesia to the Lands
of the Czech Crown, no bigger economic and business integration between
Wroclaw and Prague took place and merchants in both towns remained
oriented in their interests to geographically different regions. One of the
reasons of poor contacts could have also been the fact that merchants from
Prague and Wroclaw were, to some extent, competitors with regards to their
assortment of goods (cloth, linen, wool), and therefore they were naturally
looking for other markets to ensure their sales (Leipzig,
Naumburg,
Po¬
land). An important part also played good accessibility of Leipzig markets
which were offering the merchants of both towns a wide assortment of
Western and Eastern European and colonial goods, and so eliminated rea¬
sons for mutual trade exchange between Prague and Wroclaw. Transit trade
in cattle which was carried on through Silesia and the Czech lands (Prague)
was of a qualitatively different character. Therefore in 16th century, Prague
became a significant centre of such a trade and Prague cattle breeders had
a substantial share on supplying the town, as well as providing cattle for the
massive cattle trade.
Prague had much more intense trade contacts with business centres in
the Polish-Lithuanian state
(Poznan
and Krakow) which are summed up in
chapters Trade Relations between Prague and Polish-Lithuanian State and
Long-distance Trade between Prague and Krakow. Background material for
the research was partly royal customs registers in
Poznan
and Kalish, and
partly customs registers in Krakow, preserved in an almost complete series
299
between
1589-1688.
Regarding the volume of the resources, time specific
research principle was implemented and a total of
12
books from Krakow's
customs registers between
1589-1619
was gradually examined and subse¬
quently statistically processed. Especially comparison of Krakow's customs
book from
1597
with the only preserved Prague's customs book in the
Týn
Court from the same year uncovered interesting information.
Trade between both countries had been taking place from the Middle
Ages, however, the new impetus for its development was a forced migration
of the Czech Jews during the first half of 16th century. In Poland the Czech
Jews were settling in economically advantageous environment of big towns,
such as Krakow-Kazimierz or
Poznan,
and in several cases also in Lublin
or Lvov. Generally strong spirit of enterprise and mobility of the Jewish
merchants, as well as strong bonds between relatives and other contacts
among Prague and Polish communities were conditions contributing to
development of the Czech-Polish trade. Apart from the Jews, Christians
from both towns took part in the commercial exchange to a lower extent,
nevertheless in the second half of
1
6th century, Prague and Polish Jews
joined their force and completely overwhelmed this trade. Traded articles
for export were, above all, Czech linen, cloth, hats, caps and knives, whereas
various kinds of leather and fur were imported to Prague from the markets
in Krakow,
Poznan
or Kalish, as well as the goods of Mediterranean or
Turkish provenience transported to Krakow through Lvov from the Black
Sea region or through Port of Gdansk. The Jews also secured distribution
of books from the production of Hebrew printing works among individual
Ashkenazi centres in Europe. Trade between Krakow and Prague culmi¬
nated at the turn of 16th and 17th century, slowly but surely weakening
in the first decades of 17th century. The reason for that can be partly seen
in the growing expansion and popularity of Leipzig markets where East¬
ern European goods including fur were available in sufficient amounts and
assortment, and partly due to the political development before the Thirty
Years' War. Matters of different generations could have played their role,
too, as well as the fact that in the next generation of merchants, person¬
al contacts and relations between families from Prague and Krakow (or
Poznan)
Jewish communities were slowly weakening.
The final part of the book is dedicated to the chapter Commercial
Practices where individual forms of trade are analyzed (financial credit,
commercial credit), as well as legislative conditions for credit, payment
means (bills of exchange, obligations) and various forms of insurance used
300
in Prague environment by the Christians and Jews when making deals.
Other monitored topics are forms of commercial companies, methods of
sale organization (consignment sale, commission trade) or bookkeeping.
Attention is also given to education and knowledge of merchants, the role
of print media for the early Modern Era trade and issues of transport of
goods and connected risks.
Results of the research evidence that Prague of the Age before the Battle
at White Mountain represented an economic and commercial center, even
though it was neither crossroads for wholesale of the leading importance
within Europe nor seat of bank capital; thanks to its size and residential,
political and cultural importance with no competition in Central Europe,
it was predetermined to play the role of the major commercial-market, re¬
distribution and consumer centre of the Central European region. That
is proven by location of some foreign companies in Prague, as well as by
a rather strong community of Prague Christian and Jewish merchants who
operated on almost all international markets of broader Central Europe,
alone, or in connection with their foreign commission merchants they en¬
sured supplies and satisfied demand of this residential metropolis.
Translated by
Daniela
Vránová
301 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Buňatová, Marie 1970- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1017497222 |
author_facet | Buňatová, Marie 1970- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Buňatová, Marie 1970- |
author_variant | m b mb |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV041857148 |
classification_rvk | NR 8724 NW 3200 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)898044848 (DE-599)BVBBV041857148 |
discipline | Geschichte |
edition | Vyd. 1. |
era | Geschichte 1526-1618 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1526-1618 |
format | Book |
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geographic | Praha (Česko) / dějiny / 16.-17. stol czenas Prague (Czechia) / history / 16th-17th centuries czenas Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 gnd |
geographic_facet | Praha (Česko) / dějiny / 16.-17. stol Prague (Czechia) / history / 16th-17th centuries Böhmische Länder Mitteleuropa Prag |
id | DE-604.BV041857148 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-09-24T02:07:23Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788087886014 |
language | Czech |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027301465 |
oclc_num | 898044848 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-739 |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 |
physical | 350 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
publishDate | 2013 |
publishDateSearch | 2013 |
publishDateSort | 2013 |
publisher | Nakl. Mishkezy |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Buňatová, Marie 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1017497222 aut Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy Marie Buňatová Vyd. 1. Praha Nakl. Mishkezy 2013 350 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Prague before the battle at White Mountain and Central European markets Geschichte 1526-1618 gnd rswk-swf Obchod / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchod / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Commerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Commerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd rswk-swf Praha (Česko) / dějiny / 16.-17. stol czenas Prague (Czechia) / history / 16th-17th centuries czenas Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 g Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 s Geschichte 1526-1618 z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/e4e79d2e9d5f457cb1e1fead0435eb44 rezensiert in: Český časopis historický, 2015, 4, S. 1030-1034 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301465&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301465&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Buňatová, Marie 1970- Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy Obchod / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchod / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Commerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Commerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4023222-0 (DE-588)4069573-6 (DE-588)4039677-0 (DE-588)4076310-9 |
title | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy |
title_auth | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy |
title_exact_search | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy |
title_full | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy Marie Buňatová |
title_fullStr | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy Marie Buňatová |
title_full_unstemmed | Pražští kupci na cestách předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy Marie Buňatová |
title_short | Pražští kupci na cestách |
title_sort | prazsti kupci na cestach predbelohorska praha a stredoevropske trhy |
title_sub | předbělohorská Praha a středoevropské trhy |
topic | Obchod / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchod / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodníci / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Obchodní stezky / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Česko / 16.-17. stol czenas Dějiny obchodu / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol czenas Commerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Commerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Businessmen / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas Trade routes / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries czenas History of comerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries czenas Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Obchod / Česko / 16.-17. stol Obchod / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol Obchodníci / Česko / 16.-17. stol Obchodníci / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol Obchodní stezky / Česko / 16.-17. stol Obchodní stezky / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol Dějiny obchodu / Česko / 16.-17. stol Dějiny obchodu / Evropa střední / 16.-17. stol Commerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries Commerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries Businessmen / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries Businessmen / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries Trade routes / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries Trade routes / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries History of comerce / Czechia / 16th-17th centuries History of comerce / Europe, Central / 16th-17th centuries Handel Praha (Česko) / dějiny / 16.-17. stol Prague (Czechia) / history / 16th-17th centuries Böhmische Länder Mitteleuropa Prag |
url | https://www.recensio.net/r/e4e79d2e9d5f457cb1e1fead0435eb44 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301465&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301465&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bunatovamarie prazstikupcinacestachpredbelohorskaprahaastredoevropsketrhy |