Evine hčere: konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Nova Gorica
Univerza
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Humanistika
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliografija: str. 178-187 Kazali |
| Beschreibung: | 192 str. ilustr. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789616311564 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152207013052416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Kazalo
Uvod
5
»Mile sestre, drage Slovenke!«
Razprava
о
Slovenkah
v
narodnem preporodu
11
»Bodi mati pa vzgajaj decol«
Razprava
о
materinstvu
38
»Žena bodi možu najboljša prijateljica!«
Razprava
о
zakonu
58
»Vzgajajmo drugače naše hčerke!«
Razprava
o dekliški
vzgoji
71
»M nam na učenih ženskah
... «
Razprava
o ženském
izobraževanju
in
učiteljicah
89
»Čitajte mnogo, drage Slovenke«
Razprava
o bralkah
117
»Alije
res
tako grdo
in
silno nemoralno
viděti
lepo
žensko nogo?«
Razprava
о
seksualnosti
129
»Najnesrečnejši sloj naših
sester!«
Razprava
о
prostituciji
146
Sklepne
misli
164
Summary
170 -173
Kdo je kdo v razpravah o
ženskosti
174-177
Viri in
literatura
178-191
Imensko kazalo
188
Stvarno kazalo
192
Summary
This book will deal primarily with the construction of femininity within public
discourse in the
2nd
half of the 19th and the
ist
two years of the 20th century. It
will
exemine
magazines and journals, published in the period from
1848-1902
and
is to a great extend is limited to this period. The year
1902
marked the final year
of publication of
Slovenka
and until the end of the first world war there were no
other magazines within Slovenia that sought to consider and take into account
the contributions of women who wrote about issues pertinent to women. Given
this lack of women s voice in the public sphere during this time, I have chosen
to limit this research to the years between
1848
and
1902.
The year
1848
was an
important milestone as it also marks the beginning of the March Revolution, which
did as well mark the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. Prior to the
revolution years, there was no debate about the role of women within the public
sphere. Not until the March revolution national movement inspired by the March
revolution kicked into full swing, did Slovene patriots, who were influenced by their
contemporaries in other countries of the
Habsburg
monarchy, began to consider
women an integral part of national development.
The movement of ideas and people across the
Habsburg
monarchy created
conditions in which significance changes in the traditionally defined roles of
women were inevitable. The authors, who called Slovene women to work in the
public sphere, laboured diligently to explain, why cooperation of women was
important and why it needs to be placed in the larger context of gender roles in
general. Above all, opposition came from the
Catolic
church, where the authors of
the opposition against the participation of women in the national struggle stressed
that the calling of women into visibility in the public sphere was completely against
the will of god. An examination of Catholic publications of the time shows how
the role of the mother was persistently praised and these publications warned their
170
readers that neglecting motherly duties was the most severe of sins. A good mother
was presented as one who, in the interest of her children, relinquished all of her own
interests and desires, and devoted her time entirely to the well being of the family.
This meant that any activities she engaged in outside of the home meant neglecting
her duties as a mother. Numerous contributions and publications that promoted
the image of the sacrificial mother solidified this characterrization and compelled
and stimulated women toward this ideal. Through time and repetition this image
became internalized the only acceptable figure for the women to identify with.
Further, this ideological model which was used to raise and socialize women was
then passed down to their children, (the son, who is unable to become independent
of his mother and the homeland, is as was shown by
Slavoj Žižek,
a byproduct of this
ideology). Even, some of the more progressive authors of the time suggested that
the only proper calling for a woman was motherhood, and this repetition further
emphasized the role of mother
instiller
of national consciousness in children.
Within this line of rhetoric the educating of women was strongly discouraged, and
so it followed that there could not there were not many educated young women or
female artists.In response male and female writers were compelled to openly state,
that women were not less intelligent or capable than men. They argued that it was
the absence of opportunities through which women could actualize their talents that
hindered their full development in particular fields. In their publications they cited
examples of doctors, professors and artists from other countries, the professions
in which women had succeeded and excelled in. Opponents of emancipation
largely recognized these changing roles of women, but then sought to show how
the occupational success of women had directly diminished their ability to perform
their natural roles-that of mothers. Catholic writers relied heavily upon references
to what was natural and divine and were not at all interested in the situation of
women who were unable to marry.
There were only a handful of articles in which the authors acknowledged that not
all women were able to marry because there was simply not enough man. However,
171
the same writers also cited only a handful of employment for women in which they
would not be competing with men.
The publications and discussions analyzed within the course of this research
have show that many similarities exist in writers thought about, and engaged
with issues that pertained to women. At times it is even difficult to determine
one author from another and I was compelled to discuss certain themes over and
over again from a different perspective. The most complex discussions seemed to
be those concerning female sexuality, and most of the publications that dealt with
women s bodies considered them as spaces for inscribing different constructions of
femininity. Further in the Slovene public discourse in the 19th century there was
also almost no written discussion about women s voting rights. Among the first
to demand enfranchisement was
Ivanka Anžič,
for whom women were capable
of logical thought and reasoned decisions. In wider writing, arguments for the
introduction of women s voting rights were reiterated by Elvira Dolinar. Certainly
the first Slovene feminists were not forceful enough with regard to women s voting
rights. Until the year
1901,
when a woman s society was formed, there was no one
organization that would connect all Slovene women, and they probably felt as
though it would be difficult to achieve anything with mere words. For this reason
they wrote thematically, likely hoping to stimulate discussion, challenge stereotypes
and misconceptions, and lift the conscious of women with regard to their own
personal worth.
Another aspect of this research concerns the extent to which the authors of
these articles found in
Slovenka
magazine, who were many times praised for their
progressive outlook, responded to discussions and constructions of women in
other linguistic environments. Their own statements, citations, diction and ways
of argumentation show, that these women authors (above all Elvira Dolinar, Zofka
Kveder and
Ivanka Anžič),
followed closely the writings and public discourse of
other nations, though mostly those of German origin. Today it is difficult to judge,
how many of their publications were original, however it remains incontestable that
if they did indeed take ideas from other sources, they took the most current and
progressive of them even from today s point of view.
172
When trying to evaluate the themes that these authors chose to write about,
we can conclude that they were a group of forward thinking middle class citizens
(or city folk) were
enganging
with, and challenging, ideas about raising children,
women in education, about law, and notions of women s beauty. In the last issues of
Slovenka,
which were written in the new century, that they also began to voice their
opinions the problems that confronted women in the work place and prostitution.
These authors, who promoted progressive and so called alternative views about
women s issues left a significant mark on the history of the construction of
femininity. In oppostition to a notion of feminity that had been interwoven within
the social relations of power and performatively defined by certain characteristics:
her mildness, sensitivity, faithfulness, adaptability, submission, humility, devotion,
inexperience, ignorance, asexuality and the denial of her desires.
This research has also shown that the women authors who questioned the
above mentioned stereotypical roles and characteristics of women and opposed
the traditional morals and values were often laughed at.
Amazona
Marica,
»our
Bebei«
Danica,
emancipationist Zofka, anarchist
Ivanka
-
all these given names
were laden with sarcasm, intended to silence these women and hurt them. As long
as these writers had
Slovenka
as a kind of forum where they were able to express
their ideas they refused to be silenced. However, when the women for whom the
articles and discussions were intended, namely the women who read and bought
magazines, stopped showing interest, the authors placed their energy and strength
elsewhere. Regardless, the visionary and pioneering nature of the work of these
women produced cannot be stressed enough. Their tenacious fight for the rights
of women left an indelible trace and provided the foundation for the women who
began writing in magazines and journals created after the First World War.
Translated by Adam Rudder
173
|
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| author | Mihurko Poniž, Katja 1972- |
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| id | DE-604.BV041857117 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:07:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789616311564 |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027301435 |
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| physical | 192 str. ilustr. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Univerza |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Humanistika |
| spelling | Mihurko Poniž, Katja 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1236177363 aut Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 Katja Mihurko Poniž Nova Gorica Univerza 2009 192 str. ilustr. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Humanistika Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliografija: str. 178-187 Kazali Geschichte 1848-1902 gnd rswk-swf Ženskost / Slovenija / 1848-1902 ssg Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd rswk-swf Weiblichkeit (DE-588)4079101-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 g Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 s Weiblichkeit (DE-588)4079101-4 s Geschichte 1848-1902 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301435&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027301435&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mihurko Poniž, Katja 1972- Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 Ženskost / Slovenija / 1848-1902 ssg Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Weiblichkeit (DE-588)4079101-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043152-6 (DE-588)4079101-4 (DE-588)4055302-4 |
| title | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 |
| title_auth | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 |
| title_exact_search | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 |
| title_full | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 Katja Mihurko Poniž |
| title_fullStr | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 Katja Mihurko Poniž |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evine hčere konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 Katja Mihurko Poniž |
| title_short | Evine hčere |
| title_sort | evine hcere konstruiranje zenskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 1902 |
| title_sub | konstruiranje ženskosti v slovenskem javnem diskurzu 1848 - 1902 |
| topic | Ženskost / Slovenija / 1848-1902 ssg Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Weiblichkeit (DE-588)4079101-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ženskost / Slovenija / 1848-1902 Öffentliche Meinung Weiblichkeit Slowenien |
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