Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis: concepts, strategies, and applications
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2014
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| ISBN: | 3527335838 9783527335831 9783527675906 |
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CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIX
1 ACID-BASE COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS FOR ORGANIC REACTIONS BY DESIGNED
SOLID SURFACES WITH ORGANOFUNCTIONAL CROUPS 1
KEN MOTOKURA, TOSHIHIDE BABA, AND YASUHIRO IWASAWA
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS POSSESSING BOTH ACIDIC AND BASIC ORGANIC
GROUPS 2
1.2.1 UREA-AMINE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST 2
1.2.2 SULFONIC OR CARBOXYLIC ACID-AMINE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST 3
1.3 BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS POSSESSING BASIC ORGANIC GROUPS AND ACID
SITES DERIVED FROM THEIR SUPPORT SURFACE 7
1.3.1 ORGANIC BASE-CATALYZED REACTIONS ENHANCED BY SI0
2
7
1.3.2 AMINE-CATALYZED REACTIONS ENHANCED BY ACID SITE ON
SILICA-ALUMINA 11
1.3.3 CONTROL OF ACID-BASE INTERACTION ON SOLID SURFACE 13
1.3.4 COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS OF ACID SITE, PRIMARY AMINE, AND TERTIARY
AMINE 18
1.4 PROSPECT 19
REFERENCES 20
2 CATALYTIC REACTIONS IN OR BY ROOM-TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS: BRIDGING
THE CAP BETWEEN HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 21
YOUQUAN DENG, FENG SHI, AND QINGHUA ZHANG
2.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 21
2.2 CATALYSIS WITH IL-SUPPORTED OR MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES 22
2.2.1 PREPARATION OF MNPS IN I LS 23
2.2.1.1 IL ITSELF AS THE REDUCING AGENT 24
2.2.1.2 MOLECULAR HYDROGEN AS REDUCING AGENT 24
2.2.1.3 NABH
4
AS THE REDUCING AGENT 26
2.2.1.4 OTHER REDUCING AGENTS 27
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1043456619
VI | CONTENTS
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
2.2.2.2
2.2.2.3
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.6.1
2.2.7
2.2.7.1
2.2.7.2
2.2.7.3
2.2.7.4
2.2.7.5
2.2.8
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.1.1
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
2.3.3.3
2.3.3.4
2.3.3.5
2.3.3.6
2.3.3.7
2.3.3.8
2.3.4
2.4
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2
CHARACTERIZATION OF IL-SUPPORTED OR MEDIATED MNPS 28
XPS AND NMR 28
SEMANDTEM 29
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS 30
HYDROGENATION REACTIONS 31
IL-SUPPORTED PD NPS 32
IL-SUPPORTED PT AND IR NPS 36
IL-SUPPORTED RU NPS 37
IL-SUPPORTED RH NPS 40
C-C COUPLING REACTIONS 42
SUZUKI REACTION 42
MIZOROKI-HECK REACTION 45
STILLE REACTION 47
SONOGASHIRA REACTION 48
ULLMANN REACTION 48
BRIEF SUMMARY 49
REACTIONS CATALYZED BY SOLID-SUPPORTED IL: HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
WITH HOMOGENEOUS PERFORMANCE 50
INTRODUCTION 50
DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND PROPERTIES OF SUPPORTED IL-PHASE
CATALYSIS 51
DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND PROPERTIES OF SILICA GEL-CONFINED IL
CATALYSTS 55
DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND PROPERTIES OF COVALENTLY SUPPORTED IL
CATALYSTS 56
CATALYTIC REACTION WITH SUPPORTED IL CATALYSTS 57
CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION 57
SELECTIVE OXIDATION 61
CATALYTIC CARBONYLATION REACTION 63
WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTION 70
ISOMERIZATION AND OLIGOMERIZATION 72
ALKYLATION AND ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS 73
ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS 74
ENZYME CATALYSIS 77
BRIEF SUMMARY 79
OUTLOOK 80
REFERENCES 80
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS 85
SANG-EON PARK AND EUN-YOUNG JEONG
INTRODUCTION 85
ORDERED MESOPOROUS SILICA 85
ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS 88
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 89
ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS 91
CONTENTS I VII
3.2.1 GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS 93
3.2.2 GRAFTING AND CO-CONDENSATION 93
3.2.2.1 AMINE GROUPS 91
3.2.2.2 IONIC LIQUIDS (ILS) 93
3.2.2.3 OTHERS 95
3.2.3 PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS (PMOS) 96
3.2.3.1 SYNTHESIS OF PMOS WITH SURFACTANTS 96
3.2.3.2 ALIPHATIC PMO 97
3.2.3.3 AROMATIC PMO 98
3.2.3.4 HYBRID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICA (HPMO) 98
3.3 CATALYSIS OF ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS 99
3.3.1 CATALYTIC APPLICATION OF ORGANIC-FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA
BY
GRAFTING AND CO-CONDENSATION METHOD 99
3.3.1.1 KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION 99
3.3.1.2 ALDOL CONDENSATION 99
3.3.1.3 ESTERIFICATION OF ALCOHOL 103
3.3.2 CATALYTIC APPLICATION OF PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICA 104
3.3.3 CHIRAL CATALYSIS 105
3.3.4 PHOTOCATALYSIS 106
3.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 107
REFERENCES 108
4 HOMOGENEOUS ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS USING IMMOBILIZED CHIRAL
CATALYSTS 111
LEI WU,JI LIU, BAODE MA, AND QING-HUA FAN
4.1 INTRODUCTION 111
4.2 SOLUBLE POLYMERIC SUPPORTS AND CATALYST SEPARATION METHODS 112
4.2.1 TYPES OF SOLUBLE POLYMERIC SUPPORTS 112
4.2.2 IMMOBILIZED CATALYST SEPARATION METHODS 114
4.3 CHIRAL LINEAR POLYMERIC CATALYSTS 114
4.4 CHIRAL DENDRITIC CATALYSTS 326
4.5 HELICAL POLYMERIC CATALYSTS 139
4.6 CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS 143
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 146
REFERENCES 146
5 ENDEAVORS TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS
ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS WITH ORGANOMETALLICS 149
XINGWANG WANG, ZHENG WANG, AND KUILING DING
5.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 149
5.2 COMBINATORIAL APPROACH FOR HOMOGENEOUS ASYMMETRIC
CATALYSIS 151
5.2.1 THE PRINCIPLE OF COMBINATORIAL APPROACH TO CHIRAL CATALYST
DISCOVERY 152
5.2.2 TI(IV)-CATALYZED ENANTIOSELECTIVE REACTIONS 153
VIII CONTENTS
5.2.2.1 SCHIFFBASE/TI(IV)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC HETERO-DIELS-ALDER
REACTION 153
5.2.2.2 BINOLATE/TI(IV)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC HETERO-DIELS-ALDER
REACTION 154
5.2.2.3 BINOLATE/TI-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC CARBONYL-ENE
REACTION 156
5.2.2.4 BINOLATE/TI-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC RING-OPENING AMINOLYSIS OF
EPOXIDES 158
5.2.3 ZN COMPLEX-CATALYZED ENANTIOSELECTIVE REACTIONS 159
5.2.3.1 CHIRAL AMINO ALCOHOL/ZN/RACEMIC AMINO ALCOHOL-CATALYZED
ASYMMETRIC DIETHYLZINC ADDITION TO ALDEHYDES 159
5.2.3.2 BINOLATE/ZN/DIIMINE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC DIETHYLZINC ADDITION
TO ALDEHYDES 162
5.2.3.3 BINOLATE/ZN/DIIMINE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC HETERO-DIELS-ALDER
REACTION 165
5.2.4 RU COMPLEX-CATALYZED ENANTIOSELECTIVE REACTIONS 168
5.2.4.1 ACHIRAL MONOPHOSPHINE/RU/CHIRAL DIAMINE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
HYDROGENATION OF KETONES 168
5.2.4.2 ACHIRAL BISPHOSPHINE/RU/CHIRAL DIAMINE-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
HYDROGENATION OF KETONES 171
5.3 SELF-SUPPORTING APPROACH FOR HETEROGENEOUS ASYMMETRIC
CATALYSIS 172
5.3.1 THE PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN AND GENERATION OF SELF-SUPPORTED
CATALYSTS 175
5.3.2 SELF-SUPPORTED BINOLATE/TI(IV)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
CARBONYL-ENE REACTION 178
5.3.3 SELF-SUPPORTED BINOLATE/TI(LV)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC SULFOXIDATION
REACTION 178
5.3.4 SELF-SUPPORTED BINOLATE/LA(III)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
EPOXIDATION 180
5.3.5 SELF-SUPPORTED BINOLATE/ZN(II)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
EPOXIDATION 183
5.3.6 SELF-SUPPORTED NOYORI-TYPE RU(LL)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
HYDROGENATION 185
5.3.7 SELF-SUPPORTED MONOPHOS/RH(I)-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC
HYDROGENATION
REACTIONS 187
5.3.7.1 COVALENT BONDED BRIDGING LIGANDS FOR SELF-SUPPORTED CATALYSTS
187
5.3.7.2 HYDROGEN-BONDED BRIDGING LIGANDS FOR SELF-SUPPORTED
CATALYSTS 190
5.3.7.3 METAL-COORDINATED BRIDGING LIGANDS FOR SELF-SUPPORTED
CATALYSTS 192
5.4 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 194
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 195
REFERENCES 195
CONTENTS
IIX
6 CATALYSIS IN AND ON WATER 201
SHIFTING LIU AND JIANLIANG XIAO
6.1 INTRODUCTION 201
6.2 CATALYTIC REACTIONS IN AND "ON" WATER 202
6.2.1 HYDROFORMYLATION 202
6.2.2 HYDROGENATION 208
6.2.2.1 ACHIRAL HYDROGENATION 209
6.2.2.2 ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION 215
6.2.3 C-C BOND FORMATION 220
6.2.3.1 DIELS-ALDER REACTION 220
6.2.3.2 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION 224
6.2.3.3 SUZUKI-MIYAURA COUPLING 226
6.2.3.4 HECK REACTION 234
6.2.3.5 ALCOHOL OXIDATION 238
6.3 CONCLUSIONS 244
REFERENCES 244
7 A GREEN CHEMISTRY STRATEGY: FLUOROUS CATALYSIS 253
ZHONG-XING
JIANG, XUEFEI LI, AND FENG-LING QING
7.1 HISTORY OF FLUOROUS CHEMISTRY 253
7.2 BASICS OF FLUOROUS CHEMISTRY 254
7.3 FLUOROUS METALLIC CATALYSIS 263
7.3.1 FLUOROUS PALLADACYDE CATALYSTS 264
7.3.2 FLUOROUS PINCER LIGAND-BASED CATALYSTS 265
7.3.3 FLUOROUS IMMOBILIZED NANOPARTIDES CATALYSTS 267
7.3.4 FLUOROUS PALLADIUM-NHC COMPLEXES 270
7.3.5 FLUOROUS PHOSPHINE-BASED PALLADIUM CATALYST 271
7.3.6 FLUOROUS GRUBBS' CATALYSTS 272
7.3.7 FLUOROUS SILVER CATALYST 273
7.3.8 FLUOROUS WILKINSON CATALYST 273
7.3.9 MISCELLANEOUS FLUOROUS CATALYSTS 274
7.4 FLUOROUS ORGANOCATALYSIS 275
7.4.1 ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTION 276
7.4.2 MORITA-BAYLIS-HILLMAN REACTION 277
7.4.3 ASYMMETRIC MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION 278
7.4.4 CATALYTIC OXIDATION REACTION 278
7.4.5 CATALYTIC ACETALIZATION REACTION 279
7.4.6 CATALYTIC CONDENSATION REACTION 279
7.4.7 CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC FLUORINATION REACTION 280
7.5 CONCLUSION 281
REFERENCES 281
X I CONTENTS
8 EMULSION CATALYSIS: INTERFACE BETWEEN HOMOGENEOUS AND
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 283
YAN LIU, ZONGXUAN JIANG, AND CAN LI
8.1 INTRODUCTION 283
8.1.1 WATER IN CHEMISTRY 283
8.1.2 WATER AS SOLVENT 283
8.1.3 EMULSION 285
8.1.4 EMULSION CATALYSIS 285
8.2 EMULSION CATALYSIS IN THE OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION 287
8.2.1 EMULSION CATALYTIC OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION USING H
2
0
2
AS
OXIDANT 287
8.2.2 EMULSION CATALYTIC OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION USING 0
2
AS
OXIDANT 296
8.3 EMULSION CATALYSIS IN LEWIS ACID-CATALYZED ORGANIC REACTIONS 297
8.4 EMULSION CATALYSIS IN REACTIONS WITH ORGANOCATALYSTS 303
8.4.1 ALDOL REACTION 303
8.4.2 MICHAEL ADDITION 309
8.5 EMULSION FORMED WITH POLYMER-BOUNDED CATALYSTS 312
8.5.1 EMULSION CATALYSIS PARTICIPATED BY METAL NANOPARTIDES STABILIZED
BY POLYMER 312
8.5.2 POLYMER-BOUNDED ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS IN EMULSION
CATALYSIS 315
8.6 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE 319
REFERENCES 320
9 IDENTIFICATION OF BINDING AND REACTIVE SITES IN METAL CLUSTER
CATALYSTS:
HOMOGENEOUS-HETEROGENEOUS BRIDGES 325
MICHAEL M. NIGRA AND ALEXANDER KATZ
9.1 INTRODUCTION 325
9.2 CONTROL OF BINDING IN METAL-CARBONYL CLUSTERS VIA LIGAND EFFECTS 332
9.3 IMAGING OF CO BINDING ON NOBLE METAL CLUSTERS 337
9.4 IMAGING OF OPEN SITES IN METAL CLUSTER CATALYSIS 339
9.5 ELUCIDATING KINETIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF OPEN SITES: KINETIC POISONING
EXPERIMENTS USING ORGANIC LIGANDS 340
9.6 MORE APPROACHES TO POISONING OPEN CATALYTIC ACTIVE SITES TO OBTAIN
STRUCTURE FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS 343
9.6.1 USING ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF AL
2
0
3
TO BLOCK SITES ON PD/AL
2
0
3
CATALYSTS 343
9.6.2 BROMIDE POISONING OF ACTIVE SITES ON AU/TI0
2
CATALYSTS FOR CO
OXIDATION REACTIONS 344
9.6.3 BROMIDE POISONING OF ACTIVE SITES ON AU/TI0
2
CATALYSTS FOR
WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTIONS 345
9.7 SUPPORTED MOLECULAR IRIDIUM CLUSTERS FOR ETHYLENE
HYDROGENATION 346
CONTENTS XI
9.8 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 348
REFERENCES 349
10 CATALYSIS IN POROUS-MATERIAL-BASED NANOREACTORS: A BRIDGE BETWEEN
HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 351
QIHUA YANG AND CAN LI
10.1 INTRODUCTION 351
10.2 PREPARATION OF NANOREACTORS BASED ON POROUS MATERIALS 352
10.2.1 MESOPOROUS SILICAS 353
10.2.2 METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS) 354
10.2.3 SURFACE MODIFICATION OF NANOREACTORS 355
10.2.3.1 SURFACE MODIFICATION OF MESOPOROUS SILICAS (MSS) 355
10.2.3.2 SURFACE MODIFICATION OF MOFS 358
10.3 ASSEMBLY OF THE MOLECULAR CATALYSTS IN NANOREACTORS 359
10.3.1 INCORPORATING CHIRAL MOLECULAR CATALYSTS IN NANOREACTORS THROUGH
COVALENT-BONDING METHODS 359
10.3.2 IMMOBILIZING CHIRAL MOLECULAR CATALYSTS IN NANOREACTORS THROUGH
NONCOVALENT BONDING METHODS 363
10.3.2.1 INTRODUCTION OF MOLECULAR CATALYSTS INTO NANOREACTORS THROUGH
NONCOVALENT BONDING METHODS 363
10.3.2.2 ENCAPSULATING MOLECULAR CATALYST IN NANOREACTORS BY REDUCING
THE
PORE ENTRANCE SIZE 366
10.4 CATALYTIC REACTIONS IN NANOREACTORS 369
10.4.1 PORE CONFINEMENT EFFECT 369
10.4.2 ENHANCED COOPERATIVE ACTIVATION EFFECT IN NANOREACTORS 377
10.4.2.1 THE KINETIC RESOLUTION OF EPOXIDES 377
10.4.2.2 WATER OXIDATION REACTIONS 380
10.4.2.3 EPOXIDE HYDRATION 381
10.4.3 ISOLATION EFFECT IN NANOREACTORS 382
10.4.3.1 SELECTIVITY CONTROL 382
10.4.3.2 INHIBITING DIMERIZATION OF MOLECULAR CATALYSTS 385
10.4.4 MICROENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING OF NANOREACTORS 385
10.4.5 INFLUENCE OF THE POROUS STRUCTURE ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF
NANOREACTORS 388
10.4.6 CATALYTIC NANOREACTOR ENGINEERING 390
10.5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 390
REFERENCES 392
11 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS BY COLD CLUSTERS 397
JIAHUI HUANG AND MASATAKE HARUTA
11.1 INTRODUCTION 397
11.2 PREPARATION OF GOLD CLUSTERS 399
11.2.1 CHEMICAL REDUCTION 399
11.2.1.1 PHOSPHORUS LIGANDS 401
11.2.1.2 SULFUR LIGANDS 401
XIII CONTENTS
11.2.1.3 AMIDE LIGANDS 402
11.2.2 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 403
11.2.3 ELECTRICAL REDUCTION 404
11.2.4 OTHER METHODS 404
11.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD CLUSTERS 405
11.4 CATALYSIS BY GOLD CLUSTERS 407
11.4.1 SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION 407
11.4.2 SELECTIVE OXIDATION 409
11.4.2.1 OXYGEN ACTIVATION 409
11.4.2.2 ALKANES 410
11.4.2.3 ALKENES 411
11.4.2.4 ALCOHOLS 414
11.4.3 CO OXIDATION 415
11.4.4 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 419
11.5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 420
REFERENCES 421
12 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 425
SHEN LI AND JUN-AN MA
12.1 INTRODUCTION 425
12.2 CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSTS 426
12.2.1 CHIRAL CROWN ETHERS - CATION-BINDING PHASE-TRANSFER
CATALYSTS 426
12.2.2 CHIRAL CATION PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSTS 428
12.2.2.1 CHIRAL QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS 428
12.2.2.2 CHIRAL QUATERNARY PHOSPHONIUM SALTS 440
12.2.3 CHIRAL ANION PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSTS 441
12.3 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYTIC REACTIONS AND
APPLICATIONS 443
12.3.1 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF GLYCINE IMINE
DERIVATIVES 443
12.3.1.1 ASYMMETRIC ALKYLATIONS 443
12.3.1.2 ASYMMETRIC CONJUGATE ADDITIONS 447
12.3.1.3 ASYMMETRIC ALDOL AND MANNICH CONDENSATIONS 448
12.3.2 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF 1,3-DICARBONYL
DERIVATIVES 450
12.3.3 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF OXINDOLES 454
12.3.4 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF NITROALKANES 455
12.3.5 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER CYCLIZATION REACTIONS 457
12.3.6 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER FLUORINATION AND TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION
REACTIONS 458
12.3.7 ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER CYANATION REACTIONS 459
12.3.8 OTHER ASYMMETRIC PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS 460
12.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 461
REFERENCES 461
CONTENTS | XIII
13 CATALYSIS IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS 469
ZHAOJU ZHANG, JUN MA, AND BUXING HAN
13.1 INTRODUCTION 469
13.2 FEATURES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS AND RELATED CATALYTIC REACTIONS
470
13.2.1 PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS 470
13.2.2 FEATURES OF REACTIONS IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS 471
13.3 EXAMPLES OF THE REACTIONS IN SCFS 472
13.3.1 HYDROGENATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES 472
13.3.2 HYDROGENATION OF C0
2
476
13.3.3 HYDROFORMYLATION REACTIONS 478
13.3.4 OXIDATIONS 479
13.3.5 ALKYLATION 481
13.3.6 C0
2
CYCLOADDITION TO EPOXIDE 482
13.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 483
REFERENCES 484
14 HYDROFORMYLATION OF OLEFINS IN AQUEOUS-ORGANIC BIPHASIC CATALYTIC
SYSTEMS 489
HUA CHEN, XUELI ZHENG, AND XIANJUN LI
14.1 INTRODUCTION 489
14.2 WATER-SOLUBLE RHODIUM-PHOSPHINE COMPLEX CATALYTIC SYSTEMS 490
14.3 MECHANISM 493
14.4 HYDROFORMYLATION OF LOWER OLEFINS 493
14.4.1 ETHYLENE 493
14.4.2 PROPENE 494
14.4.3 BUTENE 496
14.5 HYDROFORMYLATION OF HIGHER OLEFINS 497
14.5.1 SUPPORTED AQUEOUS-PHASE CATALYSTS 498
14.5.2 COSOLVENT 499
14.5.3 SURFACTANTS 500
14.5.4 CYDODEXTRINS 503
14.5.5 THERMOREGULATED INVERSE PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSTS 505
14.6 HYDROFORMYLATION OF INTERNAL OLEFINS 506
14.7 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 508
REFERENCES 508
15 RECENT PROGRESS IN ENZYME CATALYSIS IN REVERSE MICELLES 511
XIRONG HUANG AND LUYAN XUE
15.1 INTRODUCTION 511
15.2 ENZYME CATALYSIS IN MOLECULAR ORGANIC SOLVENT-BASED REVERSE
MICELLES 513
15.2.1 EFFECT OF INTERFACIAL PROPERTY OF REVERSE MICELLES ON ENZYME
CATALYSIS 513
15.2.1.1 EFFECT OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTY OF THE INTERFACE 523
15.2.1.2 EFFECT OF THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF SURFACTANT HEAD GROUP 516
XIV
| CONTENTS
15.2.2 EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON ENZYME CATALYSIS IN REVERSE MICELLES 521
15.2.2.1 IONIC LIQUIDS AS ADDITIVES 521
15.2.2.2 NANOMATERIALS AS ADDITIVES 525
15.2.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONFORMATION AND THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES
IN REVERSE MICELLES 528
15.2.4 PSEUDOPHASE MODEL AND ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTION KINETICS IN
REVERSE MICELLES 530
15.3 ENZYME CATALYSIS IN IONIC LIQUID*BASED REVERSE MICELLES 531
15.3.1 MICROEMULSIFICATION OF HYDROPHOBIC IONIC LIQUIDS 531
15.3.2 IONIC LIQUIDS AS SURFACTANTS 537
15.4 APPLICATION OF ENZYME CATALYSIS IN REVERSE MICELLES 537
15.4.1 APPLICATION IN BIOTRANSFORMATION 538
15.4.2 REVERSE MICELLE-BASED GEL AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ENZYME
IMMOBILIZATION 541
15.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 543
REFERENCES 544
16 THE MOLECULAR KINETICS OF THE FISCHER-TROPSCH REACTION 553
RUTGER A. VAN SANTEN, MINHAJ M. GHOURI, ALBERT J. MARKVOORT, AND EMIEL
J. M. HENSEN
16.1 INTRODUCTION 553
16.2 BASICS OF THE FISCHER-TROPSCH KINETICS 556
16.2.1 MECHANISTIC BACKGROUND OF THE CARBIDE-BASED MECHANISM 556
16.2.1.1 INITIATION 557
16.2.1.2 PROPAGATION 55 8
16.2.1.3 TERMINATION 559
16.2.2 GENERAL KINETICS CONSIDERATIONS 559
16.2.2.1 SOME MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS 559
16.3 MOLECULAR MICROKINETICS SIMULATIONS 564
16.3.1 ANALYSIS OF MICROKINETICS RESULTS - 576
16.3.1.1 MONOMER FORMATION LIMITED KINETICS LIMIT VERSUS CHAIN GROWTH
MODEL 576
16.3.1.2 METHANE FORMATION VERSUS FISCHER-TROPSCH KINETICS 583
16.4 THE LUMPED KINETICS MODEL 586
16.4.1 THE SINGLE REACTION CENTER SITE MODEL 586
16.4.2 THE DUAL REACTION CENTER SITE MODEL 592
16.5 TRANSIENT KINETICS 594
16.6 CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 599
REFERENCES 604
INDEX 607 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Li, Can |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | c l cl |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1050328949 |
| author_facet | Li, Can |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041841652 |
| classification_rvk | VE 7040 VK 5550 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)864645830 (DE-599)DNB1043456619 |
| dewey-full | 541.395 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 541 - Physical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 541.395 |
| dewey-search | 541.395 |
| dewey-sort | 3541.395 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041841652 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-10T01:13:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527335838 9783527335831 9783527675906 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027286309 |
| oclc_num | 864645830 |
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| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-188 DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXV, 623 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications ed. by Can Li ... Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2014 XXV, 623 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Homogene Katalyse (DE-588)4160579-2 gnd rswk-swf Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 s Homogene Katalyse (DE-588)4160579-2 s DE-604 Li, Can (DE-588)1050328949 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-67592-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-3-527-67591-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-527-67593-7 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4485869&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027286309&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications Homogene Katalyse (DE-588)4160579-2 gnd Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4160579-2 (DE-588)4123377-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications |
| title_auth | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications |
| title_exact_search | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications |
| title_full | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications ed. by Can Li ... |
| title_fullStr | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications ed. by Can Li ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts, strategies, and applications ed. by Can Li ... |
| title_short | Bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis |
| title_sort | bridging heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis concepts strategies and applications |
| title_sub | concepts, strategies, and applications |
| topic | Homogene Katalyse (DE-588)4160579-2 gnd Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Homogene Katalyse Heterogene Katalyse Aufsatzsammlung |
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