Constitutional law of the EU member states:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Deventer
Kluwer
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXV, 1765 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789013091762 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA
II.
III.
IV.
V.
IHE
I.
2.
THE
I.
2.
3-
A.
5-
6.
7-
8.
9-
THE
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
7-
8.
9-
AUSTRIAN STATE
COUNTRY, PEOPLE, GOVERNMENT
A FEW ESSENTIAL POINTS FROM AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
GENERAL FEATURES OF AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
INTRODUCTION
THE CONSTITUTION
STATUTES
ORDINANCES
STANDING ORDERS
UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CASE LAW
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
THE HIERARCHY OF NORMS IN AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
AUSTRIAN SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
THE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT
THE AUSTRIAN PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
LEGISLATION
THE FEDERAL BUDGET
PARLIAMENTARY SCRUTINY OF GOVERNMENT POLICY
TREATY MAKING POWERS
AUSTRIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL ORGANS
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
INTRODUCTION
THE ORDINARY COURTS
THE INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS
THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT (VERWALTUNGSGERICHTSHOF- VWGH)
THE FEDERAL ASYLUM COURT {ASYLGERICHTSHOF- ASYLGH)
3
3
6
12
12
13
V
18
18
19
19
19
20
22
22
25
30
35
38
40
41
42
44
47
47
47
48
5
5
1
6. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
(VERFASSUNGSGERICHTSHOF - VFGH)
LAENDER, DISTRICTS, MUNICIPALITIES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LANDER
3. DISTRICTS
4. MUNICIPALITIES
52
55
55
55
58
59
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 60
VII. LITERATURE LIST 62
BELGIUM 63
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 65
1. FROM A UNITARY STATE TO BELGIAN FEDERALISM: A CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
65
2. STATE TERRITORY 70
3. THE POPULATION 71
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 72
1. PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 72
2. FORMAL SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 76
3. INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW 78
4. OTHER SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 79
5. HIERARCHY OF LEGAL RULES 81
III. FORM OF GOVERNMENT 83
1. HEAD OF STATE: THE BELGIAN MONARCHY 83
2. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 84
3. THE PARLIAMENT 86
4. THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM 90
5. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES 93
6. EXECUTIVE POWERS 96
7. AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL 97
IV. THE JUDICIARY 99
1. ORGANIZATION 99
2. POSITION AND STATUS OF JUDGES 100
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW 101
4. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 102
V. STATE STRUCTURE: THE BELGIAN FEDERAL STATE 106
1. THE ALLOCATION OF COMPETENCES 106
2. COOPERATION BETWEEN FEDERAL AND SUB-NATIONAL AUTHORITIES AND
FEDERAL LOYALTY 108
3. PARTICIPATION AND BLOCKING INSTRUMENTS 109
4. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNITIES AND REGIONS 109
5. DECENTRALIZATION: PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES 112
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES 114
1. GENERAL RULES AND PRINCIPLES 114
2. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 116
3. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 116
4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN TREATIES AND EU LAW 117
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 119
LV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IX
THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY AND PEOPLE
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
I. SYSTEM
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
7-
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
MAIN PRINCIPLES
EU LAW AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
OTHER DOMESTIC LEGISLATIVE SOURCES
DECISIONS OF THE COURTS
LOCAL LEGISLATIVE ACTS
SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT
I. MAIN FEATURES OF THE CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN FORM OF
2.
3-
4-
GOVERNMENT AND MODEL OF DEMOCRACY
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
THE GOVERNMENT
THE PARLIAMENT
THE JUDICIARY
1. THE JUDICIAL POWER
2. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
1. TERRITORIAL DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER. THE REGION AND THE
REGIONAL GOVERNOR
2. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
I. GENERAL RULES AND PRINCIPLES
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
CONSTITUTIONAL DUTIES
VII. SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY
121
123
127
127
I27
128
131
132
133
I34
135
138
*43
149
164
164
170
176
176
176
181
181
182
187
188
190
REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONSTITUTION AND THE RULE OF LAW
2. CONSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIC LAWS
3. PROCEDURES FOR AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
4. REVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
191
193
193
195
195
196
196
197
: TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. THE PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION 201
6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION 202
7. EUROPEAN UNION LAW 209
8. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 211
III. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT 212
1. THE PARLIAMENT: FRAMER OF THE CONSTITUTION,
LEGISLATURE, AND SUPERVISOR OF THE EXECUTIVE 212
2. REFERENDA AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FORM OF A DIRECT DEMOCRACY 214
3. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA: NON-PARTISAN CHIEF
OF STATE, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, GUARANTOR OF GOVERNMENT STABILITY AND A
PARTICIPANT IN POLICY FORMULATION 215
4. THE GOVERNMENT 217
5. THE STATE ADMINISTRATION EXECUTES LAWS, ENACTS REGULATIONS AND
DECIDES ON RIGHTS 219
IV. THE JUDICIARY 220
1. BASIC PROVISIONS 220
2. THE NATIONAL JUDICIAL COUNCIL 221
3. THE OFFICE OF THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR IS AUTHORIZED TO PROCEED
AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF PUNISHABLE OFFENCES 221
4. THE PEOPLE S OMBUDSMAN REPRESENTS CITIZENS BEFORE GOVERNMENTAL
BODIES AND BODIES OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL
SELF-GOVERNMENT 222
5. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT: THE GUARDIAN OF CONSTITUTIONALITY AND
LEGALITY 223
V. LOCAL AND REGIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT 225
VI. PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS 227
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS: THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION
IN THE ENJOYMENT OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 227
2. NATIONAL RIGHTS AND THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES 227
3. LEGAL LIMITATIONS TO RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 228
4. THE SAFEGUARD OF THE REPUBLIC SHALL BE THE SUPREME LAW :
RESTRICTING RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN SITUATIONS OF PUBLIC DANGER 229
5. WITHOUT THE MEANS OF ITS PROTECTION, THERE IS NO RIGHT
TO SPEAK OF: THE RIGHT TO AN APPEAL AND TO A FAIR
DECISION RENDERED IN REASONABLE TIME 231
6. PERSONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 232
7. ECONOMIC RIGHTS 240
8. SOCIAL RIGHTS 242
9. CULTURAL RIGHTS 245
10. ECOLOGICAL RIGHTS 245
11. INTERNATIONAL GUARANTEES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
AND DOMESTIC LAW 246
VII. SELECTED LITERATURE 247
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XI
THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS
249
I.
11.
IN.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
7-
8.
9-
THE
1.
2.
GENERAL
THE TREATY OF ESTABLISHMENT
THE DRAFTING OF THE CONSTITUTION
THE TWO COMMUNITIES COMPRISING THE PEOPLE OF CYPRUS
SHARING OF POWER BETWEEN THE TWO COMMUNITIES
THE CRISIS
THE PRESERVATION OF THE STATE
THE LAW OF NECESSITY
TERRITORY
* SOURCES AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
THE SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
THI
1.
2.
3-
HEAD OF STATE
THE GOVERNMENT
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
THE INDEPENDENT OFFICERS OF THE REPUBLIC
THE INDEPENDENT COLLECTIVE ORGANS ESTABLISHED BY THE CONSTITUTION
1 JUDICIARY
GENERAL
THE PRESIDENT AND JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT
THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT
DECENTRALIZATION
1.
2.
GENERAL
LEGAL BASIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
1.
2.
3-
4-
5-
GENERAL
THE PARTICULAR RIGHTS SAFEGUARDED BY THE CONSTITUTION
ALIENS
OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
CASE LAW OF THE SUPREME COURT
EMERGENCY POWERS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
251
251
251
251
252
252
253
253
254
254
2
55
255
268
277
277
284
287
298
300
301
301
301
302
307
307
307
308
308
308
315
315
315
317
319
XII TABLE OF CONTENTS
CZECH REPUBLIC 321
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 323
1. CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS IN
THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT 323
2. STATE TERRITORY 333
3. STATE POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, CITIZENSHIP 334
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 336
1. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC, THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER
AND FUNDAMENTAL CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES 336
2. LEGISLATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL IMPORTANCE 338
3. STANDING ORDERS/SUBORDINATE RULES 339
4. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EU LAW IN THE CONSTITUTION 339
5. CASE LAW AS A SOURCE OF LAW 342
6. UNWRITTEN LAW, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTIONS 342
7. HIERARCHY OF LEGAL NORMS, THEIR INTERPRETATION AND CODIFICATION 343
III. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT 345
1. HEAD OF STATE 345
2. GOVERNMENT 352
3. PARLIAMENT 355
4. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM (RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND
PARLIAMENT) 361
5. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE 363
6. EXECUTIVE POWERS AND THEIR APPLICATION 366
7. AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL 370
IV. THE JUDICIARY 372
1. JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION IN GENERAL 372
2. THE POSITION AND STATUS OF JUDGES AND COURTS 373
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF STATUTES AND OTHER LEGAL REGULATIONS 374
4. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATION 374
5. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 375
V. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS 379
1. UNITARY STATE AND TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT 379
2. INDEPENDENT AND DELEGATED COMPETENCE OF TERRITORIAL
SELF-GOVERNING UNITS 379
3. COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNING UNITS
380
4. SUPERVISORY POWERS OF THE STATE 381
5. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNING UNITS 381
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 383
1. GENERAL RULES AND PRINCIPLES 383
2. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 385
3. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 387
4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN TREATIES AND EU LAW 389
VII. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
39
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XIII
THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK
I. THE STATE
1. BRIEF CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
2. BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION
3. NATIONALITY
4. TERRITORY
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. THE GRUNDLOV (GL)
2. AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
3. OTHER SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
III. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
1. GENERAL PROFILE
2. HEAD OF STATE
3. PRIME MINISTER; MINISTERS; MINISTRIES
4. FOLKETING
5. RELATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT
6. ENACTMENT OF GENERALLY BINDING REGULATIONS
7. ADVISORY BODIES
8. FINANCES, BUDGET, GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS
IV. THE JUDICIARY
V. STRUCTURE OF THE STATE
1. REGIONALIZATION, DECENTRALIZATION, DECONCENTRATION
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
1. GENERAL PROFILE
2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
3. LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
4. PARLIAMENTARY OMBUDSMAN
5. PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
395
397
397
398
399
400
401
401
401
402
405
405
408
409
411
413
417
418
418
420
423
423
425
4
2
5
425
434
436
437
438
THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
I. HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE
1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
2. THE TERRITORY
3. THE PEOPLE
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. GENERAL
2. THE CONSTITUTION
3. STATUTES AND REFERENDUM LAWS
4. REGULATIONS, DECREES AND ORDERS
441
443
443
448
448
449
449
449
454
455
XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND EU LAW 456
6. CASE LAW 457
7. UNWRITTEN LAW 457
III. SYSTEM AND FORM GOVERNMENT 45G
1. HEAD OF STATE 459
2. THE GOVERNMENT 468
3. PARLIAMENT 475
4. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT 484
5. FOREIGN AFFAIRS 487
6. EMERGENCY STATE POWERS 489
7. THE HIGH ORGANS OF STATE 491
IV. THE COURTS 494
494
494
498
THE
1.
2.
3-
THE
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
COURTS
GENERAL
ORDINARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS
THE SUPREME COURT
STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
GENERAL
COUNTIES
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
COOPERATION
SUPERVISION
V. 1HE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS 5OI
5OI
5OI
5O2
5O2
503
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 504
1. GENERAL RULES AND PRINCIPLES 504
2. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 505
3. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS 505
4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND EU LAW 506
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 507
THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND 509
I. INTRODUCTION 511
II. A BRIEF HISTORY C
T
3
1. FINLAND BEFORE 1809 513
2. FINLAND AS A GRAND DUCHY OF RUSSIA 514
3. FINLAND AS AN INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC 516
III. THE SOURCES OF FINNISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 522
1. THE CONSTITUTION 522
2. STATUTES AND LOWER REGULATIONS 523
3. CASE LAW 523
4. UNWRITTEN LAW 524
5. EU LEGISLATION
6. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
7. HIERARCHY OF NORMS 525
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XV
IV. THE HEAD OF STATE
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XL
XII.
THE CABINET
CHANCELLOR OF JUSTICE AND OMBUDSMAN
1. THE CHANCELLOR OF JUSTICE
2. THE OMBUDSMAN
PARLIAMENT
I. GENERAL
POLITICAL PARTIES
WORKING METHODS
DUTIES
FINNISH REPRESENTATION IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
2.
3-
4-
5-
I.
2.
3-
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
RELATIVE PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
CONTENT OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
4. SPECIAL MATTERS
5. TREATIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS
THE JUDICIARY
PROVINCES AND DISTRICTS
SELF-GOVERNING ENTITIES
1. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
2. RELIGIOUS AND OTHER FORMS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
THE ALAND DISTRICT
1. HISTORY
2. GOVERNMENT, PARLIAMENT AND ALAND LEGISLATION
XIII.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
527
531
536
536
537
539
539
540
540
543
55
552
552
55
2
553
555
557
559
561
562
562
563
564
564
565
567
THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
THE TERRITORY
1.
2.
3. THE PEOPLE
II. THE SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. GENERAL
2. THE CONSTITUTION OF 4 OCTOBER 1958
3. THE ORGANIC LAWS AND ORDONNANCES
4. THE STANDING ORDERS
5. UNWRITTEN LAW
569
571
571
575
575
576
576
576
579
579
579
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS
6. CASE LAW 580
7. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 580
III. THE HEAD OF STATE 581
1. GENERAL 581
2. A. THE ORGAN 581
2. B. POWERS 583
IV. THE GOVERNMENT 590
1. GENERAL 590
2. A. THE ORGAN 590
2. B. POWERS 592
3. THE ADMINISTRATION 595
V. PARLIAMENT 596
1. GENERAL 596
2. A. THE ORGAN 596
2. B. POWERS 602
3. LEGISLATION 603
VI. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT 610
1. THE FORMATION OF A GOVERNMENT 610
2. SCRUTINY BY PARLIAMENT 611
3. THE RIGHT OF DISSOLUTION 613
VII. THE HIGH ORGANS OF STATE; PERMANENT ADVISORY BODIES 615
1. THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL 615
2. THE COUNCIL OF STATE 615
3. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL 616
VIII.
THE COURTS
618
618
618
621
624
627
627
627
628
IX. DECENTRALIZATION AND DECONCENTRATION 629
1. GENERAL 629
2. THE REGIONS 629
3. THE DEPARTMENTS 630
4. THE COMMUNES 630
5. COOPERATION 630
6. SUPERVISION 631
X. FOREIGN POLICY 632
1. GENERAL 632
THE
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
7-
8.
COURTS
GENERAL
THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL
THE ORDINARY COURTS
THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS
HAUTE COUR
COUR DE JUSTICE DE LA REPUBLIQUE
CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DE LA MAGISTRATURE
THE DSFENSEUR DES DROITS
TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII
2. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS 632
3. TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS THAT ARE CONTRARY TO THE CONSTITUTION 632
4. THE POSITION OF TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS IN NATIONAL LAW 633
5. THE EUROPEAN UNION 633
XL FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 635
1. SOURCES 635
2. RULES CONCERNING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 636
XII. EMERGENCY POWERS OF THE STATE 637
1. GENERAL 637
2. ARTICLE 16, CONSTITUTION 637
3. MARTIAL LAW 638
4. THE ETAT D URGENCE 638
XIII.
CONCISE BIBLIOGRAPHY
639
THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 643
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 645
1. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY 645
2. GERMAN UNIFICATION 647
3. COMPOSITION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 648
4. CITIZENSHIP 648
II. THE SOURCES OF GERMAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 650
1. GENERAL 650
2. THE CONSTITUTION, FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 651
3. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EU LAW 653
III. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AT FEDERAL LEVEL 657
1. THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT 657
2. THE BUNDESTAG 659
3. THE BUNDESRAT 665
4. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, FEDERAL CHANCELLOR, FEDERAL MINISTERS 667
5. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND BUNDESTAG 669
6. THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 671
7. POLITICAL PARTIES 673
8. ADVISORY BODIES 674
9. EMERGENCY POWERS LEGISLATION 675
IV. THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AS A FEDERAL STATE 678
1. BASES OF FEDERALISM 678
2. DIVISION OF POWERS BETWEEN FEDERATION AND LANDER 680
3. THE FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE FEDERATION 682
4. THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE LAENDER 683
5. MUNICIPALITIES 684
XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
V. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND SAFEGUARDING OF LEGAL RIGHTS 687
1. THE JUDICIARY AND REMEDIES 687
2. THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 691
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 696
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 701
1. PRINTED WORKS 701
2. INTERNET 702
THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC 703
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 705
1. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY 705
2. CITIZENSHIP 709
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 711
1. THE CONSTITUTION 711
2. CONSTITUTIONAL ACTS OF THE EXECUTIVE AND RESOLUTIONS OF PARLIAMENT
713
3. STANDING ORDERS OF PARLIAMENT 713
4. STATUTES 714
5. ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS 715
6. PRESIDENTIAL DECREES WITH THE FORCE OF STATUTES 71S
7. CASE LAW 716
8. UNWRITTEN LAW 717
9. EUROPEAN UNION LAW 718
10. INTERNATIONAL LAW 720
11. THE CHALLENGE OF CODIFICATION AND SIMPLIFICATION OF LEGAL RULES 721
III. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT 722
1. HEAD OF STATE 722
2. THE GOVERNMENT 725
3. THE PARLIAMENT 729
4. THE RELATION BETWEEN PARLIAMENT AND GOVERNMENT 734
5. THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 737
6. EXECUTIVE POWERS 739
7. ADVISORY COUNCILS AND SUPERVISORY AGENCIES 742
IV. THE JUDICIARY JAA
1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION 744
2. STATUS OF JUDGES 746
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF LAWS 747
V. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS 750
1. DECENTRALIZATION 750
2. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT 751
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES 754
1. GENERAL ASPECTS: THE LIBERAL READING OF THE CONSTITUTION 754
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XIX
2. THE CONSTITUTIONALIZATION OF JURISPMDENTIAL INTERPRETATIVE
RULES ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
3. CORNERSTONES OF THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS SYSTEM: HUMAN DIGNITY,
LIBERTY, AND EQUALITY
4. FREEDOMS
5. POLITICAL RIGHTS
6. SOCIAL RIGHTS
7. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
VII. SELECTED LITERATURE
756
758
760
765
766
768
771
HUNGARY
HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE
1. ELEMENTS OF HUNGARIAN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
2. TERRITORY AND PEOPLE. CITIZENSHIP. NATIONAL MINORITIES
II. SOURCES AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
INTRODUCTION
THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW
THE TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
HISTORICAL CONSTITUTION
LAWS
HOUSE RULES OF THE PARLIAMENT
7. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW
8. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS
III. THE PARLIAMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ELECTION AND PARLIAMENTARY TERM
3. PARLIAMENTARY COMPETENCES
IV. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
1. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROCEDURE
2. PRESIDENTIAL COMPETENCES
V.
VI.
THE
THE
1.
2.
GOVERNMENT
JUDICIARY
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
THE PROSECUTION OFFICE
VII. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
1. THE ORIGINAL POSITION
2. CURTAILING THE COURT
3. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW
VIII.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
1. THE SYSTEM OF RIGHTS
773
775
775
779
783
783
784
789
790
79
1
794
794
795
79S
796
796
801
807
807
808
811
814
814
8I
7
818
818
820
821
823
823
XX TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. THE CATALOGUE OF RIGHTS 824
3. DUTIES 827
4. INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 827
IX. RELATIONS WITH OTHER STATES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 830
X. EMERGENCIES 832
XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 834
IRELAND 837
I. THE COUNTRY, THE PEOPLE, THE HISTORY AND THE SOURCES OF IRISH
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 839
1. POLITICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND UP TO 1916 839
2. FROM THE EASTER RISING OF 1916 TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1937 842
3. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1937 847
4. THE NORTHERN IRELAND QUESTION 853
II. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT 857
1. THE PRESIDENT 857
2. THE GOVERNMENT 861
3. THE OIREACHTAS (THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT) 869
4. THE PUBLIC SERVICE AND ADVISORY BODIES 879
III. THE LEGAL SYSTEM 882
1. ORGANIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY 882
2. LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT 885
3. REVIEW OF LEGISLATION 887
IV. DECENTRALIZATION 890
V. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 894
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 898
VII. LIST OF IRISH WORDS 901
THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC 903
I. THE FOUNDATIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 905
1. POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT 905
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 913
1. THE CONSTITUTION
913
2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS 914
3. EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 015
4. OTHER INTERMEDIATE NORMS
IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
III. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT 919
1. PARLIAMENT 919
2. DIRECT DEMOCRACY 927
3. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 928
4. THE GOVERNMENT 932
5. SUPREME AND AUXIEARY BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC 939
IV. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 942
1. THE DUTIES OF THE COURTS 942
2. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY 942
3. ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE 944
4. SPECIAL JUDICIAL BODIES 945
5. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 946
6. THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE JUDICIARY 949
7. THE PUBLIC PROSECUTION SERVICE 949
V. A NON-CENTRALIZED STATE 951
R. THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY 951
2. THE REGIONS SINCE THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT OF 2001 953
3. PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES 956
VI. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 957
1. CLASSIC FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 957
2. FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL RIGHTS 962
VII. SOURCES FOR FURTHER STUDY 963
THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA 967
I. HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 969
1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION - THE SATVERSME 969
2. THE TERRITORY 973
3. THE PEOPLE 974
II. THE SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 979
1. THE SATVERSME 9,79
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW 980
3. CASE LAW 980
4. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 981
III. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT 982
1. THE STATE PRESIDENT 982
2. THE GOVERNMENT 984
3. PARLIAMENT - THE SAEIMA 989
4. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SAEIMA, THE STATE PRESIDENT
AND THE CABINET 1000
5. EMERGENCY STATE POWERS 1003
XXII TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. THE JUDICIARY 1005
1. GENERAL 1005
2. ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 1005
3. COURTS OF GENERAL JURISDICTION 1006
4. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1010
V. THE STATE AND TTS SUBDIVISIONS 1014
1. COMPOSITION 1014
2. POWERS 1015
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 1017
VII. LITERATURE 1022
THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA
1025
I. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 1027
1. THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF
TWO NATIONS 1027
2. THE FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION 1027
3. BIRTH OF THE MODERN STATE 1028
4. THE SOVIET OCCUPATION 1028
5. THE 1992 CONSTITUTION 1029
6. THE TERRITORY AND POPULATION 1030
II. THE 1992 CONSTITUTION AND THE SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1032
1. INTRODUCTION 1032
2. AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION 1034
3. THE 2004 CONSTITUTIONAL ACT ON THE MEMBERSHIP TO THE EU 1035
III. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT 1038
1. THE SOVEREIGN POWER 1038
2. POLITICAL REGIME AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT
IO
39
3. SEPARATION BETWEEN THE STATE AND CHURCH 1040
4. THE HEAD OF STATE 1043
5. THE GOVERNMENT (VYRIAUSYBE) 1051
6. THE PARLIAMENT (SEIMAS) 1053
7. AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL
IV. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT (KONSTITUCINIS TEISMAS) 1061
1. SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF THE JUSTICES 1061
2. THE RIGHT TO ADDRESS THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1061
3. COMPETENCE OF THE LITHUANIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1062
4. STYLE AND METHOD OF REASONING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1065
5. EFFECT OF A RULING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECLARING ALL OR PART
OF
A LEGAL ACT UNCONSTITUTIONAL 1066
6. DECISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1067
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXIII
V. THE JUDICIARY (TEISMAS)
1. THE ORDINARY COURTS
2. ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS (ADMINISTRACINIAI TEISMAI)
VI. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
1. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY AND DEVOLUTION
2. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (VIETOS SAVIVALDA)
VII. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
1. THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
2. CATALOGUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE LITHUANIAN CONSTITUTION
VIII.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1069
1070
1072
1075
1075
1075
1078
1078
1079
1083
THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG
I. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
1. THE 1841 CONSTITUTION OF ESTATES
2. THE LIBERAL CONSTITUTION OF 1848
3. THE COUP D ETAT OF 1856
4. THE 1868 CONSTITUTION
5. THE 1919 AMENDMENT
6. THE 1948 AMENDMENTS
7. THE 1956 AMENDMENTS
8. THE 26 AMENDMENTS ADOPTED SINCE 1972
9. THE GENERAL REVISION PROPOSAL OF 21 APRIL 2009
II. THE CONSTITUTION
1. SUBSTANTIVE SUPERIORITY
2. FORMAL SUPERIORITY
3. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONALITY
4. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW BEYOND THE WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
III. BASIC CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND VALUES
A. REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
B. RULE OF LAW (ETAT DE DROIT)
C. SEPARATION OF POWERS
IV. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
V. THE GRAND DUKE
1. SUCCESSION
2. INVIOLABILITY OF THE SOVEREIGN
3. POWERS OF THE GRAND DUKE
VI. THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES
1. ELECTIONS
2. DEPUTIES
1085
1087
1088
1088
1089
1090
1091
1091
1092
1092
1094
1096
1096
1097
1097
1099
1100
IIOO
IIOI
IIO2
1104
1107
1107
1109
1109
1113
1113
1114
XXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. POLITICAL PARTIES 1116
4, POWERS OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES 1119
VII. THE GOVERNMENT 1125
1. COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION 1125
2. THE FORMATION OF GOVERNMENT 1125
3. THE LEGAL POSITION OF MINISTERS 1126
4. MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY 1126
5. GOVERNMENT POWERS AND PROCEDURE 1128
6. THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 1128
7. GOVERNMENT STABILITY 1129
VIII.
THE ADVISORY ORGANS
1130
A. COUNCIL OF STATE (CONSEIL D ETAT) 1130
B. THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COUNCIL (CONSEIL ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL) 1133
C. THE COMMERCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHAMBERS (CHAMBRES
PROFESSIONNELKS) 1133
IX. THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 1135
A. THE ORDINARY COURTS 1135
B. THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 1138
C. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
X. DECENTRALIZATION 1141
A. TERRITORIAL DECENTRALIZATION
IIAI
B. ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION 1143
XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY N^
THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA 1147
I. INTRODUCTION 1149
1. COUNTRY AND LEGAL SYSTEM 114 9
2. SOME BASIC FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION 1150
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1154
III. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1159
IV. ORGANIZATION OF GOVERNMENT 1161
1. THE GOVERNMENT 1161
2. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 1166
3. THE PARLIAMENT 1167
V. THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM 1176
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXV
VI. JUDICIARY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
VII. THE OMBUDSMAN
VIII.
THE COMMISSIONS
IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY
X. THE CONSTITUTION OF MALTA - APPENDIX
79
1182
1183
1184
1185
THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS
I. INTRODUCTION: CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS
1. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2. A BRIEF CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
3. PERENNIAL CONTROVERSIES
II. THE SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. HIERARCHY OF NORMS
2. SOME FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOURCES
III. FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1. THE HEAD OF STATE AS A HEREDITARY OFFICE
2. THE GOVERNMENT
PARLIAMENT
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATURE
EXECUTIVE POWERS
INDEPENDENT BODIES AND AGENCIES
IV.
V.
VI.
3-
4-
5-
6.
7-
THE JUDICIARY
1. JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION
2. ACCESS TO JUSTICE: DIVISION OF JUDICIAL COMPETENCE
3. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW
4. THE ROLE OF COURTS IN THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
1. THE KINGDOM AND ITS COUNTRIES
2.
DECENTRALIZATION WITHIN THE NETHERLANDS
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
1. RIGHTS
2. RESTRICTING THE EXERCISE OF RIGHTS
3. JUSTICIABILITY
4. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS
5. HORIZONTAL EFFECT AND COLLISION OF RIGHTS
1187
1189
1189
1191
1201
1203
1203
1206
1211
1211
1212
1215
1217
1219
1220
1221
1225
1225
1225
1226
1227
1230
1230
1231
1234
1234
1235
1235
1236
1237
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1240
XXVI TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND 1243
II.
IN.
IV.
V.
VI.
1 OLL
I.
2.
ISH CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY AND PEOPLE
BRIEF CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
COUNTRY AND PEOPLE
SOURCES OF POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1.
2,
3-
4.
5-
6.
7-
8.
9-
CONSTITUTION
THE CLOSED NATURE OF THE SYSTEM OF SOURCES OF LAW
STATUTES
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EU LAW
DECREE-LAWS
ORDINANCES
ACTS OF LOCAL LAW
ACTS OF AN INTERNAL NATURE
OTHER SOURCES OF LAW
SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
THE
1.
2.
3-
THI
1.
2.
3-
4-
5-
THE HEAD OF STATE
THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
PARLIAMENT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT
LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE
AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL
I JUDICIARY
COURTS
TRIBUNALS
THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE JUDICIARY
: STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
GENERAL
COMMUNES
DISTRICTS
PROVINCES
SUPERVISION
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1245
1245
1249
1250
1250
1254
1256
I2
57
1260
1260
1261
1262
1262
1264
1264
1268
127,2
1276
1280
1282
1286
1286
1288
1289
1290
1290
1291
1292
1292
1293
1294
1298
THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC 1299
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE 1301
1. INTRODUCTION 13
OR
2. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
I
3
02
3. TERRITORY I
3
O
3
4. PEOPLE
I3
O
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXVII
II. SOURCES OF LAW
1. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
2. INTERNATIONAL LAW
3. EU LAW
4. LEGISLATION
5. CASE LAW
6. CUSTOMARY LAW, CONVENTIONS, TECHNICAL NORMS AND PRIVATE NORMS
III. FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
3. GOVERNMENT
4. ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC (PARLIAMENT)
5. EXECUTIVE POWER
6. AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL
IV. THE JUDICIARY
1. JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION
2. INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY
3. PUBLIC PROSECUTOR S OFFICE (MINISTERIO PUEBLICO)
4. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT (TRIBUNAL CONSTITUTIONAL)
V. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
VI.
VII.
VIII.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
GENERAL RIGHTS AND PRINCIPLES
RIGHTS, FREEDOMS AND GUARANTEES
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND EU LAW
1.
2.
3-
4-
EMERGENCY POWERS
BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCES ON PORTUGUESE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1305
1305
1307
1308
1308
1312
1312
1314
1314
1315
1318
1319
1326
1327
1330
1330
1331
1331
1332
1339
1342
1342
1343
1344
1346
1347
1348
ROMANIA
I. THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE ROMANIAN
STATE
1. HISTORICAL ROOTS OF THE MODERN CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME IN WALLACHIA
AND MOLDAVIA (1831-1866)
2. THE DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONS (1866 AND 1923 CONSTITUTIONS)
3. THE AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES (1938-1944)
4. FAILURE OF THE ATTEMPTS TO RETURN TO A DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL
REGIME (1944-1947)
5. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES AFTER THE REVOLUTION OF DECEMBER 1989
II. THE ROMANIAN STATE. TERRITORY. PEOPLE
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROMANIAN STATE
2. TERRITORY
3. GOVERNING FORM
1351
1353
1356
1356
1358
1360
1360
13 61
1361
4-
5-
THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE CITIZEN
THE PEOPLE
SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
7-
8.
THE CONSTITUTION
STATUTES
PARLIAMENTARY STANDING ORDERS
GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
CASE LAW
UNWRITTEN LAW
XXVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
1362
1363
III. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1364
1364
1365
1366
1366
1366
1366
1366
1367
IV. IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW ON ROMANIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1368
1. IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY SPHERE 1368
2. RELATION BETWEEN NATIONAL LAW AND EU LAW 1368
3. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENT AND GOVERNMENT IN
EUROPEAN AFFAIRS. 1369
V. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT 1372.
1. THE PRESIDENT OF ROMANIA 1372,
2. GOVERNMENT AND MINISTRIES 1380
3. THE PARLIAMENT 1385
VI. LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1406
VII. THE COURTS 1408
1. GENERAL 1408
2. FORMS OF JURISDICTION 1408
3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 1409
4. SYSTEM OF THE COURTS OF JUSTICE 1410
5. THE PUBLIC MINISTRY 1410
6. THE SUPERIOR COUNCIL OF MAGISTRACY 1411
7. THE STATUTE OF MAGISTRATES 1412
8. DEONTOLOGICAL CODE OF THE MAGISTRATES 1413
9. PLACE AND ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1413
10. ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND JUDGES STATUS 1414
11. COMPETENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1416
12. ACTS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1422
VIII.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
*4
2
3
1. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY S CONCEPTION OF CITIZENS
RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 1423
2. CLASSIFICATION OF CITIZENS RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
J
4
2
4
3. PEOPLE S ADVOCATE (OMBUDSMAN)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXIX
II.
III.
IV.
THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
HISTORY
1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
2. TERRITORY
3. PEOPLE
SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC OF 1992
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
CONSTITUTIONAL ACTS, ORDINARY LAWS
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
UNWRITTEN LAW
CASE LAW
LEGAL DOCTRINE
SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
REFERENDUMS
HEAD OF STATE
GOVERNMENT OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL
AGENCIES OF STATE CONTROL
THE JUDICIARY
1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
2. OTHER COURTS AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
3-
THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR S OFFICE
V. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1427
1429
1429
1432
1432
M33
1433
1434
1435
1436
1436
1436
*437
1437
1442
1443
1446
1448
1449
1452
1452
1455
H57
1458
1459
1461
THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
I. HISTORY, TERRITORY, PEOPLE
1. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
2. TERRITORY
3. PEOPLE
II. SOURCES OP CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. GENERAL
2. THE 19 91 CONSTITUTION
3. CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS
4. ORDINARY LAWS
5. DECREES WITH THE BINDING FORCE AND EFFECT OF LAW
1463
1465
1465
1467
1467
1468
1468
1468
1472
1472
1472
XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS
6. RULES OF PROCEDURE 1473
7. REGULATIONS 1473
8. ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AND ORDERS 1473
9. AUTONOMOUS REGULATIONS H74
10. CASE LAW 1475
11. TREATIES 1475
12. UNWRITTEN LAW 1476
III. THE HEAD OF STATE 1478
1. POWERS 1478
2. ELECTION 1479
3. ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 1479
IV. THE GOVERNMENT 1481
1. GENERAL 1481
2. COMPOSITION, ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF FORMATION 1481
3. LEGAL STATUS 1482
4. POWERS 1482
5. RESPONSIBILITY 1484
V. THE PARLIAMENT 1485
1. GENERAL 1485
2. BODIES OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION AND THE REPRESENTATIVE
FORM OF GOVERNMENT 1485
3. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AS A GENERAL REPRESENTATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE
BODY I486
4. THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF DEPUTIES 1487
5. A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE 1488
6. THE RULES OF QUORUM AND MAJORITY 1490
7. THE MANDATORY INTERPRETATION OF A LAW 1491
8. THE PUBLIC NATURE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 1491
9. THE PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY
I
49
I
VI. THE NATIONAL COUNCIL 1492
1. GENERAL
X
49
2
2. COMPOSITION
I
49
2
3. ELECTIONS 1493
4. PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY OF OFFICE 1493
5. POWERS 1493
6. VOTING IN THE NATIONAL COUNCIL H94
VII. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT 1495
1. THE FORMATION OF A GOVERNMENT *495
2. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE GOVERNMENT 1405
3. SCRUTINY BY PARLIAMENT 1496
4. THE RIGHT OF DISSOLUTION 1497
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXXI
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
1HE
I.
2.
THE
I.
2.
3-
4-
HIGH ORGANS OF STATE; PERMANENT ADVISORY BODIES
THE STRATEGIC COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
THE STRATEGIC COUNCIL FOR CULTURE, EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
JUDICIARY
GENERAL
COURTS
COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION
POWERS
DECENTRALIZATION AND DECONCENTRATION
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
GENERAL
THE SYSTEM IN FORCE
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
FINANCING
DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS BETWEEN THE STATE AND MUNICIPALITIES
SUPERVISION
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
TREATY-MAKING POWER
POWERS OF THE PARLIAMENT
POWERS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
POWERS OF THE JUDICIARY
POWERS OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
I.
2.
3-
4-
GENERAL
CONTENT
THE TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OR RESTRICTION OF RIGHTS
THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION
1499
1499
1499
1500
1500
1500
1505
1506
1508
1508
1508
1508
1509
1509
1510
1511
1511
1511
1512
1512
1512
1512
1513
1513
1513
1514
1515
XIII.
EMERGENCY POWERS
XIV. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
1517
15*9
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN
I. THE SPANISH STATE
1. COUNTRY, PEOPLE, GOVERNMENT
2. A FEW ESSENTIAL POINTS FROM SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
II. THE SOURCES OF SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE CONSTITUTION
3. LAWS
4. STANDING ORDERS
1521
1523
1523
1528
1534
1534
1538
1538
XXXII TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
L
539
6. CASE LAW I 39
7. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
J
539
III. THE KING 154
1. INTRODUCTION J)^
0
2. SOME RULES CONCERNING THE CROWN 1541
3. THE POWERS OF THE KING
IV. THE GOVERNMENT
X
544
1. INTRODUCTION
I
544
2. THE COMPOSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT
J
544
3. GOVERNMENT FORMATION 1546
4. THE POWERS OF THE GOVERNMENT 1548
5. THE ADMINISTRATIVE APPARATUS 1550
6. THE COUNCIL OF STATE 1551
7. THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COUNCIL 1551
V. THE PARLIAMENT 1552
1. INTRODUCTION 1552
2. RULES COMMON TO BOTH HOUSES 1553
3. THE CONGRESS 1555
4. THE SENATE 1556
VI. THE WORKING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT 1558
1. INTRODUCTION 1558
2. POLITICAL PARTIES 1558
3. THE CONFIDENCE OF THE CONGRESS IN THE GOVERNMENT:
INVESTIDURA, MOCION DE CENSURA, CUESTION DC CONFIANZA, DISOLUCION 1560
4. LEGISLATION 1562
5. PARLIAMENTARY SCRUTINY OF GOVERNMENT POLICY 1567
VII. THE COURTS AND OTHER JUDICIAL ORGANS 1568
1. INTRODUCTION 1568
2. THE JUDICIARY 1568
3. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 1571
VIII.
REGIONAL, PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
1575
1. INTRODUCTION 1575
2. THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES 1576
3. CEUTA EN MELILLA 1579
4. THE PROVINCES 1580
5. THE MUNICIPALITIES 1580
IX. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 1582
1. INTRODUCTION 1582
2. THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE 1978 CONSTITUTION 1582
X. LITERATURE 1586
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXXIII
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, TERRITORY AND PEOPLE
1. GENERAL
2. FROM THE MIDDLE AGES UNTIL THE 1809 CONSTITUTION
3. FROM THE 1809 INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT TO WORLD WAR II
4. TOWARDS A GENERAL REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION
5. TERRITORY AND PEOPLE
6. ACQUIRING AND LOSING SWEDISH NATIONALITY
SOURCES AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SWEDISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
2. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SWEDISH CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
3. AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
4. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
THE
1.
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
7-
8.
PARLIAMENT
GENERAL
NUMBER OF SEATS AND PARLIAMENTARY TERM
SUFFRAGE
ELECTORAL SYSTEM
ALTERNATE MEMBERS
INCOMPATIBILITIES
LEGAL STATUS OF RIKSDAG MEMBERS
ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES OF THE RIKSDAG
THE HEAD OF STATE
1. GENERAL
2. POWERS OF THE KING RESTRICTED TO REPRESENTATIVE DUTIES
3-
SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE
THE GOVERNMENT
1. GENERAL
2. FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT
3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT
4. INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES
RELATION BETWEEN PARLIAMENT AND GOVERNMENT
1. GENERAL
2. POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT TOWARDS THE RIKSDAG
3. SUPERVISION BY THE COMMISSION ON THE CONSTITUTION
4. PARLIAMENTARY OMBUDSMEN AND THE CHANCELLOR OF JUSTICE
5. THE AUDITORS OF THE RIKSDAG
LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY PROCESS
1. GENERAL
2. LEGISLATIVE FIELD OF THE RIKSDAG
3. RULE-MAKING POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT
1589
1591
I59
1
1591
1593
1596
1596
1598
1598
1598
1599
1600
1601
1601
1601
1602
1602
1604
1604
1604
1605
1608
1608
1608
1610
1611
1611
1611
1614
1616
1618
1618
1618
1620
1621
1622
1623
1623
1624
1624
XXXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
4. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE 1625
5. CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 162,7
VIII.
THE RIKSDAG AND PUBLIC FINANCE
1629
1. GENERAL 1629
2. TAXATION 1629
3. BUDGET 1629
4. OTHER FINANCIAL POWERS OF THE RIKSDAG 1630
IX. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 1631
1. GENERAL 1631
2. THE ORDINARY JUDICIARY 1631
3. THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIAL SYSTEM 1632,
X. DECENTRALIZATION 1634
1. GENERAL 1634
2. DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES IN A HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE 1635
3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES 1635
XL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1638
1. GENERAL 1638
2. MAKING TREATIES 1638
3. THE EFFECT OF TREATIES IN DOMESTIC LAW 1638
4. TRANSFER OF POWERS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1639
XII. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 1640
1. GENERAL 1640
2. FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL RIGHTS 1640
3. FREEDOM RIGHTS 1641
4. RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM RIGHTS 1643
5. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS ON THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS AND THE
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 1645
XIII.
STATE AND CHURCH
1647
XIV. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY 1648
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 1649
I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 1651
1. BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
2. EU MEMBERSHIP
3. THE COMMONWEALTH SS
4. SOME PRINCIPLES OF UK CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1656
5. SOVEREIGNTY OF PARLIAMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXXV
II. SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1. ACTS OF PARLIAMENT
2. DELEGATED / SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION
3. CASE LAW
4. CUSTOM
5. CONVENTIONS
6. LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP
III. SYSTEM AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT
1. THE HEAD OF STATE
2. THE GOVERNMENT
3. PARLIAMENT
4. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT
5. LEGISLATION
IV. THE COURTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND JURISDICTION
2. SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES
3. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE
4. TRIBUNALS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
5. THE HIGHEST COURTS
V. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS
1. COMPLEXITIES
2. THE ENGLISH QUESTION
3. LOCAL GOVERNMENT
VI. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
VII. LITERATURE
INDEXES
1658
1658
1658
1658
1659
1659
1660
1662
1662
1664
1669
1677
1678
1681
1681
1682
1682
1683
1683
1685
1685
1686
1687
1689
1692
1695
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Constitutional law of the EU member states eds. Leonard Besselink ... By Bogusław Banaszak ... Deventer Kluwer 2014 XXXV, 1765 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd rswk-swf Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 s Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 s Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 s DE-604 Besselink, Leonard F. M. 1955- (DE-588)133390969 edt Banaszak, Bogusław 1955-2018 Sonstige (DE-588)131694049 oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285831&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Constitutional law of the EU member states Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4170174-4 (DE-588)4115712-6 (DE-588)4062801-2 |
| title | Constitutional law of the EU member states |
| title_auth | Constitutional law of the EU member states |
| title_exact_search | Constitutional law of the EU member states |
| title_full | Constitutional law of the EU member states eds. Leonard Besselink ... By Bogusław Banaszak ... |
| title_fullStr | Constitutional law of the EU member states eds. Leonard Besselink ... By Bogusław Banaszak ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constitutional law of the EU member states eds. Leonard Besselink ... By Bogusław Banaszak ... |
| title_short | Constitutional law of the EU member states |
| title_sort | constitutional law of the eu member states |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Mitgliedsstaaten Rechtsvergleich Verfassungsrecht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285831&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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