Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich: polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica"
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. s. 203-212. Indeks |
| Beschreibung: | 316, [1] s. il. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788375811476 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie |v 2 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 203-212. Indeks | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152182682943488 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wstęp
................................................................9
Rozdział I
Starania o utworzenie polskiej formacji wojskowej w Turcji
w latach
1853-1855................................................21
1.
Nadzieje emigracji
................................................21
2.
Tradycje legionowe
...............................................24
3.
Przyczyny konfliktu. Sprawa polska
..................................26
4.
Rywalizacja między Hotelem Lambert a demokratami. Wyjazd Wysockiego
. . 28
5.
Inicjatywa Czajkowskiego.
1.
Pułk Kozaków Sułtańskich
.................35
6.
Misja W. Zamoyskiego na Wschodzie. Rywalizacja o prawo reprezentowania
sprawy polskiej w wojnie krymskiej
.................................39
7.2.
Pułk Kozaków Sułtańskich
—
początki organizacji
....................50
8.
W stronę zbliżenia z Anglią
.........................................57
Rozdział
II
Powstanie i organizacja Dywizji Kozaków Sułtańskich
....................67
1.
Rozmowy w Londynie
—
utworzenie dywizji
..........................67
2.
Nadzieje i obawy
.................................................70
3.
Początki organizacji
..............................................76
4.
Agencje dywizji na Zachodzie. Werbunek ochotników
...................78
5.
Zakład dywizji w Skutari. Organizacja piechoty i artylerii
.................84
6.
Hadyrcza
—
organizacja jazdy
......................................87
7.
Nominacje do Sztabu Dywizji. Wyjazd Zamoyskiego do Turcji
............88
8.
Transporty do dywizji
..............................................89
9.
Zmiany w działalności Agencji
......................................94
10.
Podział pułków i służba obozowa
...................................96
Rozdział III
Losy Dywizji Kozaków Sułtańskich po kongresie paryskim
................ 103
1.
Traktat pokojowy a położenie sprawy polskiej
......................... 103
2.
Położenie dywizji
............................................... 104
3.
Problem przyszłości dywizji
—
koncepcje jej utrzymania
................ 110
4.
Bunt Kamieńskiego
—
kryzys w dywizji
............................. 112
5.
Przygotowania do rozwiązania formacji
.............................. 120
6.
Rozwiązanie dywizji
-—
dalsze losy
................................. 125
Spis treści
Rozdział
IV
Portret zbiorowy żołnierzy Dywizji Kozaków Sułtańskich
................ 131
1.
Kryteria i zakres badań
............................................ 131
2.
Region pochodzenia
..............................................139
3.
Narodowość
....................................................143
4.
Wyznanie
......................................................150
5.
Wiek żołnierzy
..................................................153
6.
Stan cywilny
...................................................155
7.
Wykształcenie i kwalifikacje zawodowe
.............................. 157
8.
Doświadczenie wojskowe
.........................................159
9.
Kadra oficerska
.................................................161
10.
Początki służby w Dywizji Kozaków Sułtańskich
......................165
11.
Drogi ochotników do dywizji
......................................170
12.
Miejsce pobytu po rozwiązaniu dywizji
.............................175
13.
Zakończenie służby
............................................. 186
Zakończenie
........................................................193
Bibliografia
........................................................203
Źródła rękopiśmienne
...............................................203
Źródła drukowane
.................................................207
Opracowania:
.....................................................208
Wykaz skrótów
.....................................................213
Aneks
..............................................................215
Summary
...........................................................307
Indeks osobowy
......................................................311
Summary
The study is concerned with the history of the Sultan Cossacks Division, the Polish
military unit established by the government of Great Britain on
16
November
1855.
The formation of the Division was the
resuit
of the efforts undertaken by
the political circles associated with the Czartoryski Family. The political leaders
of the Czartoryski Family faction hoped that the unit would help to restore the
independence of Poland and, in the case of a swift termination of the conflict, it
would become an instrument of pressure on the governments of the European
powers to induce them to discuss the question of Polish independence in a peace
conference after the war. The organizer and the commander of the Division
was
Władysław
Zamoyski, the nephew of Prince Adam
Jerzy
Czartoryski and
a leading politician of the Hotel Lambert. The funding for the maintenance
of the troops were guaranteed by the government of the Queen. The Division
formed part of the 20,000-strong corps composed of the Turkish regiments under
General Robert Vivian. However, it had never taken part in any military action
and, following several months of forming efforts, was disbanded on
31
July
1856,
and the soldiers would disperse afterwards. Likewise, the attempt to submit the
issue of Polish independence to the agenda of the future peace congress would
end in failure. The diplomatic efforts of the Czartoryski Family suffered a serious
setback, which would lead to the further
dedine in
the political stature of the
party among the Polish
émigré
circles.
To date, the present subject has not been discussed in detail in scholarly
literature and historians have only referred to this question in connection with
some other topics. It is however worth noting that the Division had played an
important role in the forming of the Polish national aspirations in the 19th century,
while the fates of the unit may serve as an example of the difficult situation of the
Polish
émigré
movement struggling for the cause of Polish independence.
The study consists of four chapters, as well as introduction, epilogue, and
an appendix listing the names of
1,794
officers, non-commissioned officers, and
soldiers of the Division, as well as a certain number of individuals presumed to
have been members, including a short overview of this military formation.
Chapter
1
is concerned with the position of the Polish emigre circles on the
Crimean War and the issue of the establishment of a Polish legion. The matter
307
Summary
would become a contested point between the politicians of the Hotel Lambert and
the democrats represented by the party known as
Polskie Koło
(Polish Circle)
in Paris, and personally between W. Zamoyski and J. Wysocki. They failed to
reach an agreement because of their differences on who should be chosen as
commander of the Polish troops and the procedure to be applied. From then on,
each party would undertake to act separately for the cause of the Polish legion.
The reluctance of France and Britain to tackle the Polish issue would force the
Czartoryski faction to become involved in military initiatives that could have been
considered, at least in part, as Polish units. The outcome was the collaboration
with
Michał Czajkowski
(Sadyk Pasha), the former agent
of Prince Adam
Czartoryski in the East. In October
1853,
the Turkish authorities permitted Sadyk
Pasha to form the
1st
Regiment of the Sultan Cossacks. This multi-ethnic unit
also comprised many Polish soldiers, mostly officers. However, the regiment
would not prove to be very popular among the emigre soldiers, who regarded it as
a culturally alien formation. Another step towards the creation of a Polish legion
was the establishment of the
2nd
Regiment of the Sultan Cossacks, where most
of the soldiers were Poles. It would still form part of the Turkish army and its
commander was formally Sadyk Pasha but the person in charge of the regiment
was
Władysław
Zamoyski. The complete independence from Sadyk s command
would only come with the British approval of the establishment of the Sultan
Cossacks Division. The creation of the new Polish unit thwarted Sadyk Pasha s
political plans and would lead to the break-up of the relations with Zamoyski.
Chapter
2
deals with the questions concerning the formation, organization,
and function of the Sultan Cossacks Division. Preliminary decisions establishing
the unit took place on
24
September
1855.
In a letter of that date, the British
Minister of War Lord Panmure notified W. Zamoyski of the British government s
willingness to provide arms, equipment, and uniforms for the Sultan Cossacks
Division made up of
1,000
cavalrymen and
3,000
infantrymen. Nonetheless, it
was only on
16
November
1855
that the British presented Zamoyski with the
document affirming the establishment of a new military formation. Despite the
fact that it was made up of Polish soldiers and under Polish command, the use
of Polish name or Polish national emblems was not allowed. The recruitment
was carried out through the Division s agencies active in Paris, Marseilles,
Strasbourg, and London, from where, following the verification procedure, the
volunteers would be dispatched to Turkey. In addition, there was a recruitment
camp at Scutari, near Constantinople, to which the Polish prisoners of war and
deserters from the Russian Imperial Army were directed.
In the early months of
1856,
Zamoyski proceeded to rearrange the
structure of the Division and appointed its commanders. General
Feliks Breański
and Colonel
Mikołaj Kamieński
were appointed as commanders of the Infantry
Brigade and the Cavalry Brigade, respectively. Their command would also extend
over the following new regiments:
1st
Frontline Infantry Reg.,
2nd
Cavalry
308
Riflemen Reg., 4th Infantry Riflemen Reg., 5th Lancers (Uhlan) Reg., and one
artillery battery. The latter unit would be incorporated in the Infantry Brigade.
In addition, the formation of the
3rd
Frontline Infantry Reg. was announced, but
very few officers would be enlisted in that unit. The chapter also deals with the
issues such as the functions of the staff and the individual regiments, duties at the
camp as well as the scope of duties of the officers at various work posts
.
The position of the Division following the signing of the peace treaty is
discussed in Chapter
3.
This event marked the turning point in the history of the
Polish legion. The lack of any political decision relating to Poland caused anxiety
and discontent among the soldiers. They would question the sense of continuing
to remain in service and voiced proposals to disband the unit. Moreover, there
were cases of desertion and requests for dismissal, which were motivated by the
fear of compulsory enlistment in the Ottoman army or forced conversion to Islam.
The growing tensions resulted in an unsuccessful mutiny led by Colonel
Mikołaj
Kamieński,
who would be subsequently discharged from military service.
The final weeks in the Division s existence were filled with the preparations
for its disbanding: drawing up lists with declarations on the prospective
whereabouts of the soldiers following the termination of their service, settling
soldiers pay and other accounts. The chapter ends with a description of the
circumstances of the disbanding of the Polish corps and deals with the situation
of the soldiers in the first months afterwards.
Chapter IV presents the results of the historical and sociological research on
the soldiers of the Division. It was focused on collecting the following data: place
of birth, nationality, religion, age, marital status, education, military experience,
the time of joining the service in Cossack detachments, the countries which the
volunteers had left before joining the Division, the whereabouts following the
dissolution of the unit, possible causes of departure from military service. It was
of particular importance to determine the number of the soldiers in the Division,
considering the fact that scholars disagree on this point and the incomplete records.
It has been possible to find out that
1,538
soldiers would have remained in active
duty, with the additional
216
presumably also enlisted. Thus, the overall number
would amount to
1,754
soldiers. The remaining categories include the individuals
recognized as soldiers of the Sultan Cossacks Division, but not in active service
(28)
and those who would have submitted their declaration to join the Polish
corps but no evidence of their departure for Turkey has been found
(12).
The names of the officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the
Sultan Cossacks Division, as well as of the persons presumably enlisted there, are
listed in an appendix at the end of the book. It states the date and place of birth,
the date of enlistment, rank, and regiment identification. It covers all the above-
mentioned categories of soldiers.
tłumaczenie Marcin
Fijak
309
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wierzbicki, Paweł 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1064842666 |
| author_facet | Wierzbicki, Paweł 1967- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wierzbicki, Paweł 1967- |
| author_variant | p w pw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041840845 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)900604876 (DE-599)BVBBV041840845 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV041840845 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:06:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375811476 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027285527 |
| oclc_num | 900604876 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 316, [1] s. il. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica" |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie |
| series2 | Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie |
| spelling | Wierzbicki, Paweł 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1064842666 aut Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) Paweł Wierzbicki Wyd. 1. Kraków Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica" 2013 316, [1] s. il. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie 2 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. s. 203-212. Indeks Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd rswk-swf Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd rswk-swf Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 s Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 s DE-604 Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie 2 (DE-604)BV041840844 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285527&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285527&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Wierzbicki, Paweł 1967- Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) Prace Naukowe Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4291388-3 (DE-588)4165750-0 |
| title | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) |
| title_auth | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) |
| title_exact_search | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) |
| title_full | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) Paweł Wierzbicki |
| title_fullStr | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) Paweł Wierzbicki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) Paweł Wierzbicki |
| title_short | Dywizja Kozaków Sułtańskich |
| title_sort | dywizja kozakow sultanskich polityczno wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej 1853 1856 |
| title_sub | polityczno-wojskowe koncepcje stronnictwa Czartoryskich w okresie wojny krymskiej (1853 - 1856) |
| topic | Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd Krimkrieg (DE-588)4165750-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polnischer Soldat Krimkrieg |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285527&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027285527&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV041840844 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wierzbickipaweł dywizjakozakowsułtanskichpolitycznowojskowekoncepcjestronnictwaczartoryskichwokresiewojnykrymskiej18531856 |