Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2014
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| Ausgabe: | 2., compl. rev. and updated ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 628 S Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527336524 9783527678167 9783527678150 9783527678143 9783527678136 |
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MARC
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CONTENTS
PREFACE XVII
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIX
PART I BASIC METHODOLOGY 1
'1 INFRARED AND RAMAN INSTRUMENTATION FOR MAPPING AND IMAGING 3
PETER R. GRIFFITHS AND
ELLEN V. MISEO
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO MAPPING AND IMAGING 3
1.2 MID-INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND MAPPING 4
1.2.1 DIFFRACTION-LIMITED MICROSCOPY 4
1.2.2 MICROSCOPES AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 6
1.2.3 DETECTORS FOR MID-INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY 9
1.2.4 SOURCES FOR MID-INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY 11
1.2.5 SPATIAL RESOLUTION 14
1.2.6 TRANSMISSION MICROSPECTROSCOPY 18
1.2.7 ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION MICROSPECTROSCOPY 19
1.3 RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND MAPPING 20
1.3.1 INTRODUCTION TO RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY 20
1.3.2 CCD DETECTORS 24
1.3.3 SPATIAL RESOLUTION 26
1.3.4 TIP-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 29
1.4 NEAR-INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 30
1.5 RAMAN HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 35
1.6 MID-INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 37
1.6.1 SPECTROMETERS BASED ON 2D ARRAY DETECTORS 37
1.6.2 SPECTROMETERS BASED ON HYBRID LINEAR ARRAY DETECTORS 43
1.6.3 SAMPLING 45
1.7 MAPPING WITH PULSED TERAHERTZ RADIATION 48
1.8 SUMMARY 52
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 54
REFERENCES 54
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1049503392
VII CONTENTS
2 CHEMOMETRIC TOOLS FOR IMAGE ANALYSIS 57
ANNA DE JUAN, SARA
PIQUERAS, MARCEL MAEDER,
THOMAS HANCEWICZ,
LUDOVIC DUPONCHEL,
AND ROMA TAULER
2.1 INTRODUCTION 57
2.2 HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES: THE MEASUREMENT 58
2.2.1 THE DATA SET AND THE UNDERLYING MODEL 58
2.3 IMAGE PREPROCESSING 60
2.3.1 SIGNAL PREPROCESSING 61
2.3.1.1 DE-NOISING 61
2.3.1.2 BASELINE CORRECTION
61
2.3.1.3 DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION OF ANOMALOUS PIXELS OR ANOMALOUS
SPECTRAL READINGS 63
2.3.2 DATA PRETREATMENTS 63
2.3.3 IMAGE COMPRESSION 64
2.4 EXPLORATORY IMAGE ANALYSIS 65
2.4.1 CLASSICAL IMAGE REPRESENTATIONS: LIMITATIONS 65
2.4.2 MULTIVARIATE IMAGE ANALYSIS (MIA) AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT
ANALYSIS (PCA) 66
2.5 QUANTITATIVE IMAGE INFORMATION: MULTIVARIATE IMAGE REGRESSION
(MIR) 70
2.6 IMAGE SEGMENTATION 73
2.6.1 UNSUPERVISED AND SUPERVISED SEGMENTATION METHODS 74
2.6.2 HARD AND FUZZY SEGMENTATION APPROACHES 78
2.6.3 INCLUDING SPATIAL INFORMATION IN IMAGE SEGMENTATION 79
2.7 IMAGE RESOLUTION 80
2.7.1 THE IMAGE RESOLUTION CONCEPT 80
2.7.2 SPATIAL AND SPECTRAL EXPLORATION 81
2.7.3 THE RESOLUTION PROCESS: INITIAL ESTIMATES AND CONSTRAINTS
86
2.7.4 IMAGE MULTISET ANALYSIS 91
2.7.5 RESOLUTION POSTPROCESSING: COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION, QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS, AND SUPERRESOLUTION 95
2.7.5.1 COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION 98
2.7.5.2 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 100
2.7.5.3 SUPERRESOLUTION 104
2.8 FUTURE TRENDS 106
REFERENCES 106
PART II BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 111
3 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF SOFT TISSUE 113
CHRISTOPH KRAFFT AND
JURGEN POPP
3.1 INTRODUCTION 113
3.1.1 EPITHELIUM 114
3.1.2 CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 115
3.1.3 MUSCLE TISSUE 116
CONTENTS VII
3.1.4 NERVOUS TISSUE 117
3.2 PREPARATION OF SOFT TISSUE FOR VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC
IMAGING 118
3.2.1 GENERAL PREPARATION STRATEGIES 118
3.2.2 VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF REFERENCE MATERIAL 120
3.2.3 PREPARATION FOR FT-IR IMAGING 121
3.2.4 PREPARATION FOR RAMAN IMAGING 123
3.3 APPLICATIONS TO SOFT TISSUE 125
3.3.1 COLON TISSUE 125
3.3.2 BRAIN TISSUE AND BRAIN TUMORS 130
3.3.2.1 MOUSE BRAINS 130
3.3.2.2 PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS 132
3.3.2.3 SECONDARY BRAIN TUMORS 134
3.3.2.4 CELLULAR RESOLUTION 137
3.3.3 CERVIX UTERI AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 139
3.3.4 ATHEROSCLEROSIS 143
3.4 CONCLUSIONS 145
REFERENCES 147
4 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF HARD TISSUES 153
SONJA GAMSJAEGER,
RICHARD MENDELSOHN, KLAUS KLAUSHOFER,
AND
ELEFTHERIOS P. PASCHALIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION 153
4.1.1 HARD TISSUE COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION 153
4.1.2 ELEMENTS OF HARD TISSUES, DETECTABLE BY VIBRATIONAL
SPECTROSCOPY 153
4.2 IMPORTANCE OF TISSUE AGE VERSUS SPECIMEN AGE 155
4.2.1 BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS THAT MAY BE ANSWERED BY THIS
TYPE OF ANALYSIS 155
4.3 FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY 156
4.3.1 SPECIMEN PREPARATION AND TYPICAL FT-IR SPECTRUM 156
4.3.2 EXAMPLES FROM PUBLISHED LITERATURE 158
4.4 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 160
4.4.1 INSTRUMENTAL CHOICES, SPECIMEN PREPARATION, AND TYPICAL RAMAN
SPECTRA 160
4.4.2 BONE: TYPICAL RAMAN BANDS AND PARAMETERS 161
4.4.3 EXAMPLES FROM PUBLISHED LITERATURE 163
4.5 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 165
REFERENCES 166
5 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED SPECTRAL IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL
CELLS 181
MAX DIEM,
JENNIFER SCHUBERT,
MILOS MILJKOVIC, KOSTAS PAPAMARKAKIS,
ANTONELLA I. MAZUR, ELLEN MARCSISIN,
JENNIFER FORE, BENJAMIN BIRD,
KATHLEEN LENAU, DOUGLAS
TOWNSEND, NORA LAVER,
AND MAX
ALMOND
VIII
| CONTENTS
5.1 INTRODUCTION 181
5.2 METHODS 183
5.2.1 CELL COLLECTION AND CULTURING METHODS 183
5.2.1.1 EXFOLIATED CELLS 183
5.2.1.2 CULTURED CELLS 183
5.2.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION 184
5.2.2.1 SAMPLE SUBSTRATES 184
5.2.2.2 SAMPLE FIXATION 184
5.2.2.3 SAMPLE DEPOSITION 184
5.2.3 DATA ACQUISITION 185
5.2.3.1 INFRARED INSTRUMENTATION 185
5.2.3.2 PAPMAP METHODOLOGY 185
5.2.4 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS 188
5.2.4.1 CORRECTION FOR R-MIE EFFECTS AND DATA PREPROCESSING 188
5.2.4.2 PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PC A) 190
5.2.4.3 DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS 190
5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 191
5.3.1 GENERAL ASPECTS OF SCP 191
5.3.2 FIXATION STUDIES 194
5.3.2.1 FIXATION STUDIES OF EXFOLIATED CELLS 195
5.3.2.2 FIXATION EFFECTS OF CULTURED CELLS 198
5.3.3 SPECTRAL GYTOPATHOLOGY: DISTINCTION OF CELL TYPES AND DISEASE IN
HUMAN URINE-BORNE CELLS AND ORAL, CERVICAL, AND ESOPHAGEAL
CELLS 200
5.3.3.1 SCP OF URINE-BORNE CELLS 200
5.3.3.2 SCP OF ORAL MUCOSA CELLS 202
5.3.3.3 SCP OF THE CERVICAL MUCOSA 210
5.3.3.4 SCP OF ESOPHAGEAL CELLS 212
5.3.4 SCP OF LIVE CELLS IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT 216
5.4 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SCP/CONCLUSIONS 218
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 219
REFERENCES 220
PART III AGRICULTURE, PLANTS, AND FOOD 225
6 INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC MAPPING AND IMAGING OF PLANT
MATERIALS 227
HARTWIG SCHULZ,
ANDREA KRAHMER, ANNETTE
NAUMANN, AND GENNADI
GUDI
6.1 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND PERSPECTIVE 227
6.2 APPLICATION OF MAPPING AND IMAGING TO HORTICULTURAL CROPS 229
6.2.1 CAROTENOIDS 229
6.2.2 POLYACETYLENES 232
6.2.3 FLAVONOIDS 234
6.2.4 ESSENTIAL OILS 236
6.2.5 TISSUE CONSTITUENTS 241
CONTENTS I IX
6.2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS AND PROCESSING 242
6.3 APPLICATION OF MAPPING AND IMAGING TO AGRICULTURAL CROPS 244
6.3.1 TISSUE-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL-GROUP ANALYSIS 245
6.3.2 CELL WALL MICROSTRUCTURE 246
6.3.2.1 CARBOHYDRATES AND THE ENDOSPERM 246
6.3.2.2 PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE 250
6.3.2.3 LIGNIN AND CELLULOSE 250
6.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROCESSING 251
6.3.4 UPTAKE AND FATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS/CROP PROTECTION
PRODUCTS 253
6.4 MAPPING AND IMAGING OF WILD PLANTS AND TREES 254
6.4.1 MAPPING AND IMAGING OF TREES 256
6.4.1.1 IR MAPPING AND IMAGING OF TREES 256
6.4.1.2 RAMAN MAPPING AND IMAGING OF TREES 258
6.4.2 MAPPING AND IMAGING OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 261
6.4.2.1 IR MAPPING AND IMAGING 261
6.4.2.2 RAMAN MAPPING AND IMAGING 262
6.4.3 MAPPING AND IMAGING OF WILD PLANTS 262
6.5 APPLICATION OF MAPPING AND IMAGING TO ALGAE 264
6.5.1 TAXONOMIC DIFFERENTIATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE 265
6.5.2 CELL WALL COMPOSITION AND COMPOUND DISTRIBUTION 266
6.5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON ALGAE METABOLISM 268
6.5.4 CHEMOMETRICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS 271
6.5.4.1 RAMAN TECHNIQUES 271
6.5.4.2 IR TECHNIQUES 272
6.6 INTERACTION BETWEEN PLANT TISSUE AND PLANT PATHOGENS 273
6.6.1 BACTERIAL PLANT PATHOGENS 274
6.6.2 FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS 275
6.6.3 FUNGAL DEGRADATION OF PLANT MATERIAL 279
6.6.4 INTERACTION WITH NONWOODY PLANTS 282
REFERENCES 282
7 NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 295
VERONIQUE BELLON-MAUREL
AND NATHALIE
GORRETTA
7.1 INTRODUCTION 295
7.1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NIR SPECTRAL IMAGERS 295
7.1.2 WHEN IS NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING USED FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS? 297
7.2 HSI AS A "SUPER" NIR ANALYZER 298
7.2.1 ASSESSMENT AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL OR SENSORY
PROPERTIES OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 298
7.2.2 CHEMICAL MAPPING 300
7.2.2.1 FRUIT 300
7.2.2.2 WOOD 301
7.2.2.3 FISH 301
X | CONTENTS
7.2.2.4 MEAT 303
7.2.2.5 LABORATORY BATCH CULTURES 304
7.2.2.6 KERNELS 305
7.2.2.7 OTHER APPLICATIONS: PROCESS MONITORING 305
7.2.2.8 CONCLUSION: SOME PITFALLS OF HSI WHEN USED FOR CHEMICAL
MAPPING 306
7.2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FOOD/AGRICULTURAL
ITEMS 308
7.3 NIR HS IMAGER AS A "SUPER" VISION SYSTEM 310
7.3.1 WHY HS IMAGING MAY REPLACE RGB CAMERAS FOR SORTING OR MIXTURE
CHARACTERIZATION 310
7.3.1.1 THE FAILURE OF RGB SYSTEMS IN FOOD QUALITY CONTROL 310
7.3.1.2 HOW DID ONLINE NIR IMAGING EMERGE? 311
7.3.2 EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION (FOREIGN BODIES, ADULTERATION) 312
7.3.2.1 FOREIGN BODIES 313
7.3.2.2 ADULTERATION AND NONCONFORMITIES 315
7.3.2.3 SURFACE CONTAMINATIONS 315
7.3.3 SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DEFECTS 317
7.3.3.1 HUMAN-DETECTABLE DEFECTS 318
7.3.3.2 POTENTIAL DEFECTS: CHILLING INJURIES, POTENTIAL GREENING AREA
320
7.3.4 DETECTION OF INTERNAL DEFECTS BY CANDLING 320
7.3.4.1 INTERNAL FOREIGN BODIES 321
7.3.4.2 INTERNAL TISSUE DEFECTS 322
7.3.5 CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS 323
7.3.5.1 INSPECTING SMALL OBJECTS 323
7.3.5.2 ROI IN MULTICOMPARTMENT PRODUCTS 324
7.3.6 CONCLUSION 325
7.4 CONCLUSION 326
7.4.1 WHEN IS NIR IMAGING WORTH USING IN ONLINE SETTINGS? 326
7.4.1.1 SOFTWARE 327
7.4.1.2 HARDWARE 327
REFERENCES 328
PART IV POLYMERS AND PHARMACEUTICALS 339
8 FT-IR AND NIR SPECTROSCOPIC
IMAGING: PRINCIPLES, PRACTICAL ASPECTS, AND
APPLICATIONS IN MATERIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 341
ELKE GROTHEER,
CHRISTIAN VOGEL,
OLGA KOLOMIETS,
UWE HOFFMANN,
MIRIAM
UNGER, AND
HEINZ
W. SIESIER
8.1 INTRODUCTION 341
8.2 INSTRUMENTATION FOR NIR AND FT-IR IMAGING 343
8.2.1 NIR IMAGING IN DIFFUSE REFLECTION 343
8.2.2 NIR IMAGING IN TRANSMISSION 345
8.2.3 FT-IR IMAGING 345
8.2.3.1 MICRO FT-IR IMAGING 346
CONTENTS XI
8.2.3.2 MACRO FT-IR IMAGING 347
8.2.3.3 MEASUREMENT OF AN FT-IR IMAGE 348
8.2.3.4 POSSIBLE ARTIFACTS ENCOUNTERED IN FT-IR/ATR IMAGING 349
8.2.3.5 SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF FT-IR IMAGING MEASUREMENTS 354
8.3 APPLICATIONS OF FT-IR AND FT-NIR IMAGING FOR POLYMER
CHARACTERIZATION 361
8.3.1 INVESTIGATION OF PHASE SEPARATION IN BIOPOLYMER BLENDS 361
8.3.2 IMAGING ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS WITH POLARIZED RADIATION 364
8.3.2.1 BLENDS OF PHB AND PLA 364
8.3.2.2 STRESS-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN POLY(VINYLIDENE
FLUORIDE) 368
8.3.3 APPLICATIONS OF FT-NIR IMAGING FOR DIFFUSION STUDIES 370
8.3.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL 372
8.3.3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 373
8.3.4 CONCLUSIONS 378
8.4 NIR IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF PHARMACEUTICAL
DRUG FORMULATIONS 378
8.4.1 QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN A
PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG FORMULATION 379
8.4.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN A PHARMACEUTICAL
DRUG FORMULATION 381
8.4.3 CONCLUSIONS 386
8.5 FT-IR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF INORGANIC MATERIALS 387
8.5.1 INTRODUCTION 387
8.5.2 EXPERIMENTAL 388
8.5.3 DETERMINATION OF P-FERTILIZER-SOIL REACTIONS 388
8.5.4 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL PHASES IN SOILS 392
8.5.5 CONCLUSION 393
REFERENCES 394
9 FT-IR IMAGING IN ATR AND TRANSMISSION MODES: PRACTICAL
CONSIDERATIONS AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS 397
JENNIFER ANDREW DOUGAN,
K. L. ANDREW
CHAN,
AND SERGEI
G. KAZARIAN
9.1 FT-IR IMAGING: INTRODUCTION 397
9.1.1 ATR FT-IR IMAGING 398
9.1.2 TRANSMISSION FT-IR IMAGING 400
9.2 FT-IR IMAGING: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 401
9.2.1 TRANSMISSION FT-IR IMAGING: MAPPING VERSUS FPA 401
9.2.2 ATR FT-IR IMAGING: MAPPING VERSUS FPA 401
9.2.3 ATR FT-IR IMAGING: FIELD OF VIEW 402
9.2.3.1 OVERVIEW OF ATR FT-IR IMAGING APPROACHES: MICRO (GE), MACRO
(DIAMOND, SI), EXPANDED FOV (ZNSE), VARIABLE ANGLE 402
9.2.3.2 MICRO-ATR FT-IR IMAGING 403
9.2.3.3 DIAMOND ATR FT-IR IMAGING 404
9.2.3.4 EXPANDED FOV (ZNSE) 406
XII
| CONTENTS
9.2.4 ATR FT-IR IMAGING: DEPTH OF PENETRATION 407
9.2.5 ATR FT-IR IMAGING: QUANTITATION 408
9.3 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 410
9.3.1 MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER INTERFACES AND BLENDS 410
9.3.1.1 INVESTIGATING A POLYMER: CARBON FIBER INTERFACE 410
9.3.1.2 POLYSTYRENE: POLYETHYLENE BLEND-IMAGING THE EFFECT OF A
COMPATIBILIZER 411
9.3.1.3 HYDROGELS 412
9.3.2 PHARMACEUTICALS: STUDYING TABLETS, DISSOLUTION, DRUG DIFFUSION,
AND
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 413
9.3.2.1 IMAGING OF COMPACTED TABLETS 413
9.3.2.2 ATR FT-IR IMAGING OF TABLET DISSOLUTION 415
9.3.2.3 ATR FT-IR IMAGING OF DRUG DIFFUSION ACROSS TISSUE SECTIONS:
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 419
9.3.2.4 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS DEVELOPMENT: OPTIMIZING PROTEIN
CRYSTALLIZATION 421
9.3.3 FORENSICS APPLICATIONS 424
9.3.3.1 IMAGING OF COUNTERFEIT TABLETS 424
9.3.3.2 DETECTION OF TRACE MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING 425
9.3.4 IMAGING OF LIVE CELLS 427
9.3.4.1 ATR FT-IR IMAGING OF LIVE CELLS 427
9.3.4.2 TRANSMISSION MODE FT-IR IMAGING OF LIVE CELLS IN MICROFLUIDIC
DEVICES 427
9.3.5 HIGH-THROUGHPUT STUDIES WITH ATR FT-IR IMAGING 430
9.3.5.1 TRANSMISSION MODE HIGH-THROUGHPUT IMAGING 432
9.3.5.2 IMAGING AND MICROFLUIDICS 433
9.4 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 436
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 437
REFERENCES 438
10 TERAHERTZ IMAGING OF DRUG PRODUCTS 445
MICHEL
ULMSCHNEIDER
10.1 INTRODUCTION 445
10.2 LOW WAVENUMBER REGION IN THE INFRARED SPECTRUM 446
10.2.1 FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 446
10.2.2 THZ SPECTROSCOPY 448
10.3 THZ-TDS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS 448
10.3.1 THZ PULSE GENERATION AND DETECTION 448
10.3.1.1 EMISSION 448
10.3.1.2 RECEPTION 449
10.3.1.3 SAMPLING 450
10.3.2 CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF THZ SPECTROSCOPY 450
10.3.3 CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THZ IMAGING 451
10.4 THZ IMAGING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 452
10.4.1 INTRODUCTION 452
CONTENTS XIII
10.4.2 IMAGING OF SOLID DOSAGE FORMS 453
10.4.3 INVESTIGATING PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES BY MEANS OF THZ
IMAGING 455
10.4.4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TO MEASURE SOLID DOSAGE FORMS 458
10.4.5 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS TO SOLID DOSAGE FORMS 460
10.4.6 DISCUSSION 468
10.5 GOING FORWARD 470
10.6 COMPETITION VERSUS COST: A CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE 471
10.7 CONCLUSION 472
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 472
REFERENCES 473
PART V IMAGING BEYOND THE DIFFRACTION LIMIT 477
11 SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USING NEAR-FIELD
METHODS 479
LUCAS LANGELUDDECKE, TANJA DECKERT-GAUDIG,
AND
VOLKER DECKERT
11.1 TIP-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING (TERS) 479
11.1.1 FROM SERS TO TERS 479
11.1.2 INVESTIGATION OF NONBIOLOGICAL SAMPLES WITH TERS 480
11.1.3 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF TERS 481
11.1.3.1 APPLICATION 481
11.2 DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULES 483
11.2.1 DIFFERENTIATION/IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE BIOMOLECULES 484
11.2.1.1 AMINO ACIDS 484
11.2.1.2 DNA/RNA NUCLEOBASES AND DERIVATIVES 487
11.2.2 DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL/CHEMICAL CHANGES ON A MOLECULAR
LEVEL 491
11.3 BIOPOLYMERS 494
11.3.1 DNA/RNA STRANDS 495
11.3.2 PROTEINS AND FIBRILS 496
11.4 MEMBRANES, VIRUSES, AND BACTERIA 500
11.5 CONCLUSION 505
REFERENCES 505
12 INFRARED MAPPING BELOW THE DIFFRACTION LIMIT 513
PETER R. GRIFFITHS AND ELLEN
V. MISEO
12.1 INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF EARLY WORK 513
12.1.1 NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY WITH SMALL APERTURES 513
12.1.2 SCANNING PHOTOTHERMAL MICROSCOPY AND MICROSPECTROSCOPY 515
12.1.3 FIRST DESCRIPTION OF AFM/FT-IR 518
12.2 NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY BY ELASTIC SCATTERING FROM A TIP 519
12.3 COMBINATION OF AFM AND PHOTOTHERMAL FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY 529
REFERENCES 538
XIV CONTENTS
PART VI DEVELOPMENTS IN METHODOLOGY 541
13 SUBSURFACE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN TURBID MEDIA 543
PAVEL MATOUSEK
13.1 INTRODUCTION 543
13.2 TECHNIQUES FOR DEEP NONINVASIVE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 544
13.2.1 SPATIALLY OFFSET RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (SORS) 544
13.2.2 INVERSE SORS 547
13.2.3 TRANSMISSION RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 548
13.2.4 RAMAN TOMOGRAPHY 549
13.2.5 SESORS 549
13.3 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION AREAS 550
13.3.1 PROBING OF BONES THROUGH SKIN FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS 550
13.3.2 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF CALCIFICATIONS IN BREAST CANCER
LESIONS 554
13.3.2.1 CANCER MARGINS 554
13.3.2.2 GLUCOSE DETECTION 555
13.3.3 PROBING OF PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN QUALITY
CONTROL 556
13.3.4 FORENSIC AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS 556
13.4 CONCLUSIONS 55
8
REFERENCES 558
14 NONLINEAR VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC MICROSCOPY OF CELLS AND
TISSUE 561
ROBERTA GALLI
AND GERALD
STEINER
14.1 INTRODUCTION 561
14.2 PRINCIPLES OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL IMAGING 562
14.2.1 IMPORTANT PROCESSES FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL IMAGING 562
14.2.2 COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING 563
14.2.3 CARS MICROSCOPY 567
14.3 INSTRUMENTATION FOR MULTIMODAL NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY 568
14.3.1 LASER SOURCES 568
14.3.2 OPTICS 570
14.3.3 SCANNING MICROSCOPE 571
14.4 APPLICATIONS 572
14.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF TUMOR TISSUE 572
14.4.2 BRAIN STRUCTURES AND BRAIN TUMORS 574
14.4.3 NORMAL AND INJURED SPINAL CORD 576
REFERENCES 580
CONTENTS | XV
15 WIDEFIELD FT-IR 20 AND 3D IMAGING AT THE MICROSCALE USING
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 585
ERIC C. MATTSON,
MIRIAM
UNGER,
JULIA SEDLMAIR,
MICHAEL NASSE, EBRAHIM
ABOUALIZADEH,
ZAHRASADAT ALAVI,
AND CAROL
J. HIRSCHMUGL
15.1 INTRODUCTION 5 85
15.1.1 SYNCHROTRON IR RADIATION SOURCES 585
15.1.2 SYNCHROTRON-BASED INFRARED RASTER-SCANNED (IR SR)
SPECTROMICROSCOPY 586
15.1.3 SYNCHROTRON-BASED INFRARED WIDEFIELD SPECTROMICROSCOPY 586
15.1.4 SYNCHROTRON-BASED INFRARED SPECTROMICROTOMOGRAPHY 588
15.2 OPTICAL EVALUATION 588
15.2.1 MICROSCOPY OPTICS AND DIFFRACTION-LIMITED RESOLUTION 588
15.2.2 EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATED POINT SPREAD FUNCTIONS 589
15.3 MATHEMATICAL EVALUATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL CUBES 590
15.3.1 HYPERSPECTRAL DECONVOLUTION 590
15.3.2 3D SPECTROMICROTOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION 593
15.4 WIDEFIELD VERSUS RASTER SCANNING GEOMETRIES 595
15.4.1 EFFECTS OF NUMERICAL APERTURE, SPATIAL OVERSAMPLING, AND
DECONVOLUTION ON SPATIAL RESOLUTION 595
15.4.2 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO COMPARISONS 597
15.4.3 TIME-AREA TRADE-OFF 598
15.4.4 NEW DIRECTIONS: SPECTROMICROTOMOGRAPHY 600
15.5 EXAMPLES 600
15.5.1 GENERAL APPLICATIONS 600
15.5.1.1 NANOCELLULOSE 600
15.5.1.2 MATISSE 603
15.5.2 INFLUENCE OF DECONVOLUTION 604
15.5.2.1 LABELED CELLS 604
15.5.2.2 LAYERED POLYMERS-TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION 604
15.5.3 TIME-DEPENDENT INFRARED IMAGING 609
15.5.3.1 ALGAL BIOCHEMISTRY: DIATOM RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN CARBON DIXIDE
SUPPLY 609
15.5.3.2 SURFACE CHEMISTRY: NH
3
ADSORPTION ON REDUCED GRAPHENE
OXIDE 611
15.5.4 INFRARED SPECTROMICROTOMOGRAPHY 611
15.5.4.1 HUMAN HAIR 611
15.5.4.2 POPULUS-CELL WALLS OF WOOD 613
15.6 CONCLUSIONS 615
REFERENCES 616
INDEX 619 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Salzer, Reiner 1942- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | r s rs |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1023937743 |
| author_facet | Salzer, Reiner 1942- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041818426 |
| classification_rvk | VG 9300 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)876170817 (DE-599)DNB1049503392 |
| dewey-full | 543.57 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 543 - Analytical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 543.57 |
| dewey-search | 543.57 |
| dewey-sort | 3543.57 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | 2., compl. rev. and updated ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV041818426 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-10T01:12:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527336524 9783527678167 9783527678150 9783527678143 9783527678136 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027263604 |
| oclc_num | 876170817 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| physical | XXV, 628 S Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging ed. by Reiner Salzer ... 2., compl. rev. and updated ed. Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2014 XXV, 628 S Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Raman-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4176916-8 gnd rswk-swf Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd rswk-swf Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 s Raman-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4176916-8 s Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 s DE-604 Salzer, Reiner 1942- (DE-588)1023937743 edt X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4624834&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027263604&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging Raman-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4176916-8 gnd Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4176916-8 (DE-588)4006617-4 (DE-588)4135411-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging |
| title_auth | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging |
| title_exact_search | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging |
| title_full | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging ed. by Reiner Salzer ... |
| title_fullStr | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging ed. by Reiner Salzer ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging ed. by Reiner Salzer ... |
| title_short | Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging |
| title_sort | infrared and raman spectroscopic imaging |
| topic | Raman-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4176916-8 gnd Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd Infrarotspektroskopie (DE-588)4135411-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Raman-Spektroskopie Bildgebendes Verfahren Infrarotspektroskopie Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4624834&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027263604&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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