Bajończycy: polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Zarząd Główny Polskiego Związku Filatelistów
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 196, [2] s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. luzem il. - Ill. 6 Kt.-Beil. |
| ISBN: | 9788391051375 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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0 Bajończycy. Polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej
1914-1915
Summary
BAJOŃCZYCY
THE POLISH COMPANY
IN THE FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION
1914-1915
SELECTED MILITARY AND POSTAL DOCUMENTS
At the Congress of Vienna in
1814
the victorious anti-Napoleonic coalition
agreed on political and territorial changes in Europe. This alliance between the
Prussian King, Austrian Emperor and Russian Tsar, the essential aims of which
were to suppress Europe s independence movements and defend the established
division of the continent was soon joined by France. The outbreak of the First
World War in August
1914
revived Polish hopes for the
reestablishment
of an
independent Poland. The ultimate victory of the Allied powers led to the over¬
turning of the decisions of the Congress of Vienna and opened the way for the
formation of a Polish state on the ruins of the empires among which Poland had
been partitioned for
120
years.
Following the Polish national uprisings of the 19th century, Polish emigres
had streamed into France with revolutionary slogans on their lips. Particularly as
a consequence of their involvement in the defence of the Paris Commune, they
were regarded by the authorities of the Third Republic as meddlers in the internal
affairs of France who were to be tolerated, but simultaneously treated as suspi¬
cious foreign elements and prevented from engaging in any activity relating to
Polish independence while on French soil. When France and Russia signed a mi¬
litary alliance in
1891
to counteract the threat of Bismark s Germany, the position
of both allies on the Polish question remained unchanged. For France and Russia
the Polish question did not exist on the international stage.
In the early days of the First World War, with the start of the German offensi¬
ve when it seemed that the capture of Paris and the end of the war was just a mat¬
ter of time, France needed every volunteer, including every foreigner, who was
ready to fight in her defence. The Polish community in France made an attempt
Summary
11
to establish a Polish army on French soil. Thanks to the favourable attitude of
the French authorities, the Committee of Polish Volunteers in Paris commenced
recruitment to a Polish Legion which was to serve side by side with the French
Army (Photograph
22-03).
France wanted to convince foreign volunteers, and
demonstrate to the world, that the ideals of freedom and independence for which
they were fighting were not alien to her. Four national companies were formed in
Battalion C of the Second Marching Regiment of the French Foreign Legion.
The second, Polish, company of Battalion C was formed in Bayonne, whe¬
re the first group of Polish volunteers was sent in August
1914.
Interventions by
the Russian embassy led to the second and subsequent groups of volunteers being
directed to Rueilly, where they were assigned to various international companies
of the Foreign Legion. The Committee of Polish Volunteers in Paris, as well as
the Polish community in France as a whole, believed that the
Bajończycy
as the
Second Company was known, along with the Rueilczycy Company, which was
never actually formed, were to be the first Polish companies of the Polish Legion
of the French Army.
After a short and intense period of training, on
22
October
1914
the
Bajoń¬
czycy
Company, clothed in French uniforms bereft of any Polish national sym¬
bols and under French command, was directed to the front in the Champagne
region. However, they carried with them their own Polish company banner made
in Bayonne and blessed at the local church, with the approval, albeit tacit, of
the French military authorities who were bound by regulations not to become
involved in any pro-Polish gestures.
In the middle of November
1914,
the
Bajończycy
took over from the French
a stretch of the front line in the area of Sillery-Prunay above the Aisne-Aube
Canal and engaged in their first defence of these positions, which were makeshift
trenches and primitive dugouts full of damp and dirt. Sharp frost, snow, and wa¬
ter, which flooded the trenches, created terrible conditions at the front. The war
was initially expected by the French to be a short and victorious blitzkrieg , so
no preparations had been made for position warfare in winter. Practically every¬
thing essential for survival in winter was lacking: warm clothes and underwear,
blankets, and even gloves.
On
10
December while attempting to establish contact with Poles from the
Wielkopolska
region who were serving in the German army,
Władysław Szuj-
12
Bajończycy. Polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej
1914-1915
ski, the company s colour bearer, lost his life and the
Bajończycy
banner under¬
went its baptism of fire. For the first time, the French press contained reports of
a Polish hero in the French Foreign Legion.
At that time political verification was conducted in front-line units to iden¬
tify politically suspect foreigners. This often led to the internment of immigrant
Poles and so caused concern within the company as to what eventually was going
to happen to them. When they left the front in Champagne the
Bajończycy
did
not know whether they were going to be assigned to units of the French Foreign
Legion in Africa, or to internment camps or to another section of the front. They
felt that any of these variants could occur.
May
9, 1915
saw the start of a massive French offensive in
Artois (Map
4).
The main line of attack on Vimy Ridge through the fortified White Bastions
was led by the foreign regiments of the Foreign Legion. In sustained combat
over a distance of
4
kilometres on open ground, the Legionnaires broke through
the German defences and took the crest of Vimy Ridge. This success, achieved
at the expense of rivers of blood, was subsequently squandered. Through death
or injury, the
Bajończycy
lost their company commander and all their platoon
commanders. Over
120
of the Polish Legionnaires fell in battle that day and were
absent from the evening roll call.
In their second offensive on
16
June
1915
the few dozen surviving
Bajoń¬
czycy
conducted an assault on German positions running through the cemetery in
Souchez. The company was decimated by German artillery fire and subsequent
close combat with grenades and bayonets, and the
Bajończycy
ceased to exist as
an organized
subunit
of the French Foreign Legion. On
22
August
1915
the com¬
pany was officially disbanded.
The French political experiment of forming national companies in the French
Foreign Legion was over. An experiment which had given hope to foreign vo¬
lunteers that the day was approaching when their countries would be free had
now become inconvenient for France. A Polish company with a Polish banner in
the French Foreign Legion had become an ongoing impediment to harmonious
relations between France and her Russian ally. It was necessary in the interests
of France to remove this political splinter as quickly as possible. And so the
political will was lacking for a reconstructed Polish Company. In Paris one could
hear the opinion that the Germans, on behalf of France, had solved the problem
Summary
13
of the Polish
Bajończycy
Company, in line with the expectations of Russia.
The changing political situation in revolutionary Russia, the fall of the Rus¬
sian Empire and the stated intentions of the partitioning powers to organize Polish
armed forces could have posed a threat to French interests in Central Europe and
soon led to a change in the position of France on the Polish question. A strong
and independent Poland could become a natural ally of France in Eastern Europe.
In mid-
1917
when the process of forming a Polish army had started, France
proved not to have forgotten about the service rendered by the
Bajończycy.
In
August
1917
the president of the III Republic decorated the
Bajończycy
company
banner with the
Croix de
guerre with palm (Photograph
27-11),
and on
14
July
1919
during the Victory Day Parade in Paris when the Polish company marched
through the
Arche de Triomphe,
its colour guard carried the
Bajończycy
banner
(Photograph
27-12).
In December
1921
in now-independent Poland, the Chapter of the
Virtuti
Militari
War Order, Poland s highest war decoration, when reviewing the acti¬
vities and combat records of the various organizations which had fought for Po¬
lish independence, considered the conditions in which these had operated. The
Chapter concluded that the
Bajończycy
had fought in the most severe moral
conditions of any Polish unit and had also suffered the heaviest losses, amoun¬
ting to
70%
of their number.
The heroic story of the
Bajończycy
was of brief duration and ended without
securing lasting effects. The sacrifice of the lives of Polish volunteers in the ranks
of the French Foreign Legion did not bring about the expected reconstruction of
Polish armed forces in the West on the side of the Allies. Nevertheless the
Ba¬
jończycy
bore eloquent testimony to the fact that Poles have time and again been
willing to fight for the independence of their country even in the most unfavoura¬
ble circumstances.
SPIS TREŚCI
Od
Autora
6
Summary
9
Contents
12
Maps
14
1.0.
Wprowadzenie
17
1.1.
Francuska Legia Cudzoziemska
do
1914
r.
17
1.2.
Europa przed wybuchem Wojny Światowej
24
2.0.
Wojna Światowa we Francji w latach
1914-1918 31
2.1.
Legia Cudzoziemska w Dywizji Marokańskiej we Francji
31
2.2.
Komitet Ochotników Polskich w Paryżu
32
2.3.
Bajończycy
-
polscy ochotnicy w Legii Cudzoziemskiej
44
2.4.
Polska kompania Legii Cudzoziemskiej w Bayonne
49
2.5.
Sztandar polskiej kampanii Bajończyków
61
2.6.
Szampania. Front francusko —niemiecki zimą
1914/1915 71
2.7.
Artois.
Francuskie ofensywy na wiosnę
1915
r.
85
2.8.
Pułk Marszowy Legii Cudzoziemskiej (RMLE)
wiatach
1915-1918 99
2.9.
Pierwszy Pułk Strzelców Pieszych
(1
p s p)
Armii Polskiej
we Francji
104
3.0.
Armia Polska z Francji (APF) w Polsce
113
4.0.
Traktat
pokoj
owy
121
5.0.
Cmentarze wojskowe we Francji
125
5.1.
Szampania. Polski cmentarz w
Aubérive
125
5.2.
Artois.
Pomnik Odrodzenia Polski w
La Targette
128
Bajończycy. Polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej
1914 - 1915
5.3.
Cmentarze w rejonach walk Bajończyków
132
6.0.
Obsługa pocztowa Bajończyków w Legii Cudzoziemskiej
137
7.0.
Korespondenci a
B aj
ończykó w
141
8.0.
Bajończycy w pamięci Narodu
147
8.1.
Grób Nieznanego Żołnierza w Warszawie
147
8.2.
Order Wojenny
Virtuti Militari 148
8.3.
Wojsko Polskie
151
8.4.
Naczelny Wódz Józef Piłsudski
156
8.5.
Cmentarz Obrońców Lwowa
156
8.6.
Kopiec Mogiła Mogił (Kopiec Niepodległości) w Krakowie
158
8.7.
Stowarzyszenie Bajończyków
160
8.8.
Organizacje i stowarzyszenia polskie za granicą
165
9.0.
Źródła i bibliografia
165
9.1.
Źródła archiwalne i muzealne
165
9.2.
Publikacje źródłowe i historyczne
165
9.3.
Publikacje filatelistyczne
168
A. Wykaz ilustracji
170
B. Aneksy
181
C. Spis map
190
D. Indeks nazwisk
191
E. Wykaz skrótów
195
|
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| author | Gruszczyński, Jerzy 1931-2022 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)896293758 (DE-599)BVBBV041795127 |
| era | Geschichte 1914-1915 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1914-1915 |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:05:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788391051375 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027240661 |
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| physical | 196, [2] s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. luzem il. - Ill. 6 Kt.-Beil. |
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| publishDate | 2014 |
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| spelling | Gruszczyński, Jerzy 1931-2022 Verfasser (DE-588)1317954645 aut Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych Warszawa Zarząd Główny Polskiego Związku Filatelistów 2014 196, [2] s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. luzem il. - Ill. 6 Kt.-Beil. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Frankreich Légion étrangère (DE-588)1091212-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1914-1915 gnd rswk-swf Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Frankreich Légion étrangère (DE-588)1091212-5 b Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 s Geschichte 1914-1915 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240661&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gruszczyński, Jerzy 1931-2022 Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych Frankreich Légion étrangère (DE-588)1091212-5 gnd Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1091212-5 (DE-588)4291388-3 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_auth | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_exact_search | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_full | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_fullStr | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bajończycy polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_short | Bajończycy |
| title_sort | bajonczycy polska kompania w legii cudzoziemskiej 1914 1915 wybor dokumentow wojskowych i pocztowych |
| title_sub | polska kompania w Legii Cudzoziemskiej 1914 - 1915 : wybór dokumentów wojskowych i pocztowych |
| topic | Frankreich Légion étrangère (DE-588)1091212-5 gnd Polnischer Soldat (DE-588)4291388-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Frankreich Légion étrangère Polnischer Soldat Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240661&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gruszczynskijerzy bajonczycypolskakompaniawlegiicudzoziemskiej19141915wybordokumentowwojskowychipocztowych |