Geografia historyczna: zarys problematyki
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawnictwo DiG
2014
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Nauki Pomocnicze Historii / Seria Nowa
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Historical geography |
| Beschreibung: | 354, [1] s. il. - Ill., Kt. 30 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788371815331 9788371818103 |
Internformat
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Wydawnictwo DiG |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a 354, [1] s. |b il. - Ill., Kt. |c 30 cm. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Nauki Pomocnicze Historii / Seria Nowa | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Historical geography | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152079802957824 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Część
1.
Wprowadzenie
.................................................................................................. 7
1.1.
Koncepcja opracowania
........................................................................................... 7
1.2.
Definicja geografii historycznej
............................................................................... 10
1.3.
O tradycjach wykładów z tematyki geograficzno—historycznej
.............................. 16
1.4.
Krótko o źródłach do badań geograficzno-historycznych
....................................... 24
1.4.1.
Źródła pisane
.................................................................................................. 24
1.4.2.
Źródła kartograficzne
..................................................................................... 29
1.4.3.
Źródła archeologiczne
.................................................................................... 35
1.4.4.
Źródła onomastyczne
..................................................................................... 42
1.4.5.
Źródła ikonograficzne
.................................................................................... 46
1.5.
Dokumentacja graficzna
........................................................................................... 50
Część
2.
Problemy i metody
........................................................................................... 57
2.1.
Krajobraz naturalny
................................................................................................. 57
2.2.
Krajobraz kulturalny (kulturowy)
............................................................................ 71
2.3.
Krajobraz historyczno-polityczny
........................................................................... 92
2.4.
Krajobraz gospodarczy
............................................................................................ 106
2.5.
Krajobraz komunikacyjny
........................................................................................ 122
2.6.
Krajobraz wojskowy
................................................................................................ 139
2.7.
Klęski elementarne i żywiołowe
.............................................................................. 158
2.8.
Znajomość świata, tzw. horyzont geograficzny
....................................................... 182
Część
3.
Nauki i dyscypliny wspomagające
................................................................... 205
3.1.
Ustalenia archeologii i prahistorii
............................................................................ 205
3.2.
Ustalenia językoznawstwa i onomastyki
................................................................. 223
3.3.
Ustalenia klimatologii
.............................................................................................. 240
3.4.
Ustalenia hydrologii
................................................................................................. 257
3.5.
Ustalenia w kręgu botaniki
...................................................................................... 280
3.6.
Ustalenia antropologii i ekologii człowieka
............................................................ 305
Zakończenie
.................................................................................................................... 326
SPIS TREŚCI
Abstract. Historical Geography. An introduction to the Discipline
................................ 332
Część
4.
Aneksy..............................................................................................................
335
Atlasy historyczne. Wybór
.............................................................................................. 335
Atlasy geograficzne i inne
............................................................................................... 337
Katalogi zbiorów kartograficznych
................................................................................. 338
Słowniki historyczno—geograficzne Polski
..................................................................... 340
Spis ilustracji
................................................................................................................... 342
Indeks nazw geograficznych i etnicznych
....................................................................... 345
Indeks rzeczowy
.............................................................................................................. 352
Abstract
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE
The study is divided into four parts.
The Introduction, which forms Part I of the study, discusses:
1)
the concept of this study,
2)
the definition of historical geography,
3)
the scope of historical geography,
4)
types
of sources for research in this field,
5)
comments on types of documentation. The scope
and methods of studying the natural environment in the past, of gaining insight into natural
conditions in which past societies lived need to be overhauled. Today s historians face a wide
variety of research fields and methodological needs. Our study is a concise outline and is to be
followed by an appropriate compendium, a textbook written by a team of authors. Historical
cartography does not fall within the scope of the present work. The intention was to devote
a separate part of the study to the discipline. A separate volume dedicated to historical
cartography will be a welcome addition to textbooks on auxiliary sciences of history.
Contemporary science sees the emergence of new research disciplines and the extension
of the scope of past ones. The key to successful historical research lies in historians ability
to adopt various scientific methods necessary to gain insight into the past natural environment
quickly and efficiently.
Historical geography is an auxiliary science of history which provides insight into the past
natural environment and its interactions with human societies. It relies heavily on natural
sciences. Historical geography also deals with general issues: the history of geographical
knowledge and discoveries, historical cartography, the phenomena of natural calamities
and disasters. The primary focus is traditionally established on learning methods and gaining
knowledge of the natural environment in the past, animate and inanimate. The most
important auxiliary sciences of modern historical geography are: geography, botany, ecology
and anthropology, as well as other sub-disciplines.
In mid-20th century, the scope of historical geography was limited to the reconstruction
of:
1)
the past natural environment,
2)
settlement processes,
3)
borders set by man,
4)
past
knowledge and geographical conceptions. This provided a conventional and incomplete
picture (W. Semkowicz
1946,
S. Arnold
1951).
Drawing on West-European terminology,
it was argued that the reconstruction should encompass: natural landscape
(Landschaft),
settlement landscape, political landscape and the so-called geographical horizon. Modern
geography and ecology study natural processes involving human societies which contribute
to major anthropogenic modifications and transformations. A historian should combine
forces with naturalists, as both areas of reality
—
nature and human beings
—
were and still
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE
333
remain interconnected and interrelated. Human societies create characteristic ecosystems,
into which both specialists in the humanities and naturalists can gain insight.
As far as historical geography in Poland is concerned, studies of past hydrography
date back to the
15
century
(Jan Długosz,
Annales),
of geographical and political
cartography to the 16th century (maps by
Makowski
and others), of road network, economic
and demographic statistics to the
1
б111—
17th century. Cartographic knowledge and skills, as
well as military geography were taught at the Corps of Cadets in Warsaw
(1765-1794).
J.
Lelewel
held lectures, engraved maps, wrote first scientific monographs on historical
geography
(1815-1860).
Historical cartography and natural calamities were studied by
F.
Bujak
and his students in the first half of the 20th century.
Historical geography was recognized as a separate discipline and included in a lecture
on auxiliary sciences of history by W. Semkowicz (Jagiellonian University,
1946).
The needs
of economic history prompted S. Arnold to hold a lecture on historical geography at
the University of Warsaw
(1950-1959).
Extensive monographs on historical cartography
(maps from before
1900)
were drawn up by: K.
Buczek
(1963)
and S. Aleksandrowicz(1971).
In
1928,
and on a larger scale in
1952,
ateam of employees of the Historical Atlas of Poland,
a separate unit of the Polish Academy of Sciences, began studies on the reconstruction
of economic environment, hydrography, settlement, road network and borders. S.
Herbst,
W. Pałucki,
J.
Janczak
and H.
Rutkowski made substantial contributions to subsequent issues
of The Historical Atlas.
Every historian should remember to rely on all types of sources available when attempting
to reconstruct a past landscape, its various elements, settlement forms, roads and borders,
vegetation,
hydrographie
and climatic changes. Depending on individual erudition
and knowledge, a scientist will make a good or poor use of extant sources: written, linguistic,
cartographic, archaeological and
iconographie, as
well as various materials and natural
findings. For every territory and every problem there is a separate set of various sources
which make it possible to reconstruct to a large extent past elements of reality. Separate maps
can chart the distribution of phenomena in space, their changes over time, variety and co¬
occurrence. Graphs and charts are key graphic tools used to present facts.
In Part II and Part III of our study we discuss issues concerning historical geography and its
methods on the basis of examples. This can be achieved through studying a selected territory
or place on the basis of source materials and
naturai
materials dating back to the same period
of time. As far as historical geography is concerned, natural materials should be regarded as
a specific type of sources providing insight into the past. We have limited the scope of our
study to the area of East-Central Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the Hungarian Plain, from
the drainage basin of the Elbe River to the drainage basin of the Dnieper River. On the basis
of examples, we have provided an overview of findings in primary types of historical
phenomena that occurred in past natural conditions.
In answer to the needs of historical science, our study attempts to broaden the scope
of historical geography. Part II
-—
Problems and methods
—
is divided into
8
chapters. They
focus on:
1)
natural landscape,
2)
settlement landscape (the so-called cultural landscape),
3)
political and administrative landscape (borders),
4)
past communication routes of all types,
5)
economic landscape, i.e. spatial units where production takes place,
6)
military landscape
334
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE
(elements that affect military operations),
7)
natural calamities and disasters in the past,
8)
the development of the so-called geographical horizon. New objectives in the field
of communicative actions, economic landscape, military landscape and natural calamities
are an essential addition to the traditional scope of historical geography as an auxiliary-
science of history. In each chapter, we try to provide factual justification for the existing
needs and point out possibilities. The highly diverse field of natural calamities has yet to be
studied in depth, in order to provide full understanding, historians need to carefully search
out, comprehend, evaluate and make use of historical sources and new findings in the field
of natural sciences.
Part III -Sciences and auxiliary disciplines
—
is divided into
6
chapters. Auxiliary sciences,
as they are currently understood, include: archaeology, linguistics, climatology, hydrology,
botany and anthropology; all broadly understood. Naturally, the scope of historical geography
lies at the intersection of geography and history. The chapters in Part III discuss methods used
in auxiliary sciences and ways in which their findings can be used by a historian (examples).
In addition to specialist knowledge, a modern historian should keep abreast of developments
in other sciences, which make it easier or allow him to work and attain his goals.
1.
Results of archaeological research provide much information about the past, past
culture and natural environment. Their usefulness in the work of a historian depends
on how accurate the used documentation is and how quickly the results of an excavation are
published.
2.
Linguists findings provide general insight into the earliest times, dating back
to the Bronze Age. Careful
onomastic
analysis (toponomastics, hydronymics, ethnonymics)
makes it possible to trace the settlement of East-Central Europe from the beginning of the first
millennium AD, from the 7th-9th century to be more precise. It provides information on various
types of past landscape.
Onomastic
data need to be confirmed by other sources and natural
facts.
3.
Paleoclimatology reconstructs a past climate and its changes on the basis of various
types of historical sources and natural materials (paleobotany, palynology).
4.
General
knowledge of geography and geology provides insight into past hydrological conditions
and
hydrographie
network. Archaeological and historical sources play an auxiliary role
in research.
5.
Botany and ecology provide the most profound insight into the past natural
environment. They make it possible to reconstruct past landscapes and ecosystems, sets
of living and non-living natural environment factors with a high degree of probability.
6.
Human anthropology and ecology provide insight into the impact of the surrounding
environment on man in the past. They rely on: paleoanthropological excavation materials,
historical sources and modern anthropological measurements. The content of the study is
briefly summarized in the Conclusion.
Part IV
—
Annexes
—
contains supplementary material. A general list of literature
on the subject has not been included. Instead, each chapter ends with a selected bibliography,
relevant to the issues discussed. Part IV includes:
1)
A list of selected atlases and a list
of catalogues of atlases,
2)
A list of illustrations and diagrams in the text,
3)
Geographical
index and
4)
Subject index.
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| language | Polish |
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| physical | 354, [1] s. il. - Ill., Kt. 30 cm. |
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| spelling | Tyszkiewicz, Jan 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)128923806 aut Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki Jan Tyszkiewicz Warszawa Wydawnictwo DiG 2014 354, [1] s. il. - Ill., Kt. 30 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nauki Pomocnicze Historii / Seria Nowa Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Historical geography Historische Geografie (DE-588)4025103-2 gnd rswk-swf Historische Geografie (DE-588)4025103-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027217301&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027217301&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Tyszkiewicz, Jan 1939- Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki Historische Geografie (DE-588)4025103-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4025103-2 |
| title | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki |
| title_auth | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki |
| title_exact_search | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki |
| title_full | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki Jan Tyszkiewicz |
| title_fullStr | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki Jan Tyszkiewicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geografia historyczna zarys problematyki Jan Tyszkiewicz |
| title_short | Geografia historyczna |
| title_sort | geografia historyczna zarys problematyki |
| title_sub | zarys problematyki |
| topic | Historische Geografie (DE-588)4025103-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Historische Geografie |
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