Gimson's pronunciation of English:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 8. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Frühere Aufl. u.d.T.: Gimson, Alfred C.: An introduction to the pronunciation of English Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 381 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780415721745 9781444183092 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cruttenden, Alan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gimson's pronunciation of English |c Alan Cruttenden |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Pronunciation of English |
| 250 | |a 8. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 381 Seiten |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Frühere Aufl. u.d.T.: Gimson, Alfred C.: An introduction to the pronunciation of English | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152072430419968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword to the First Edition
(1962) xiv
Foreword to the Eighth Edition
(2014) xvi
List of figures
xviii
List of tables
xx
List of text boxes
xxi
List of phonetic symbols and signs and abbreviations
xxiii
PART
і
Language and speech I
1
Introduction
3
1.1
Language and linguistics
3
1.1.1
Phonetics as part of linguistics
3
1.1.2
Phonetics, phonology and phonemics
3
1.1.3
Pronunciation and spelling
4
1.2
Change and variation
4
1.3
Learning
5
1.3.1
Functional load, phonetic cues and redundancy
5
1.3.2
Acquiring English as an LI
6
1.3.3
Acquiring English as an additional language
6
2
The production of speech: the physiological aspect
8
2.1
The speech chain
8
2.2
The speech mechanism
8
2.2.1
Sources of energy
—
the lungs
9
2.2.2
The larynx and the vocal cords
9
2.2.3
The resonating cavities
12
2.2.3.1
The pharynx
12
2.2.3.2
The mouth
14
vi
Contents
3
The sounds of speech: the acoustic and auditory aspects
18
3.1
Sound quality
18
3.2
The acoustic spectrum
20
3.2.1
Fundamental frequency: pitch
22
3.2.2
Intensity: loudness
23
3.2.3
Duration: length
24
3.2.4
Stress
24
3.3
Hearing
25
4
The description and classification of speech sounds
27
4.1
Phonetic description
27
4.2
Vowel and consonant
27
4.3
Consonants
28
4.3.1
Egressive pulmonic consonants
29
4.3.2
Voicing
29
4.3.3
Place of articulation
29
4.3.4
Manner of articulation
30
4.3.5
Obstruents and sonorants
31
4.3.6
Fortis and lenis
31
4.3.7
Classification of consonants
32
4.3.8
Ingressive
pulmonic consonants
32
4.3.9
Egressive glottalic consonants
32
4.3.10
Ingressive
glottalic consonants
32
4.3.11
Ingressive velane
consonants
34
4.4
Vowels
34
4.4.1
Difficulties of description
35
4.4.2
Cardinal Vowels
36
4.4.3
Nasality
38
4.4.4
Relatively pure vowels vs gliding vowels
38
4.4.5
Articulatory classification of vowels
39
5
Sounds in language
41
5.1
Speech sounds and linguistic units
41
5.2
The linguistic hierarchy
42
5.3
Phonemes
43
5.3.1
Diversity of phonemic solutions
44
5.3.2
Distinctive features
44
5.3.3
Allophones
45
5.3.4
Neutralisation
47
5.3.5
Phonemic systems
47
Contents
vii
5.4
Transcription
49
5.5
Syllables
50
5.5.1
The sonority hierarchy
50
5.5.2
Syllable constituency
51
5.5.3
Syllable boundaries
52
5.6
Vowel and consonant
53
5.7
Prosodie
features
54
5.8
Paralinguistic and extralinguistic features
54
PART II
The sounds of English
57
6
The historical background
59
6.1
Evidence for phonetic reconstruction and change
59
6.1.1
Latin and Runic as base
59
6.1.2
Intervening values
60
6.1.3
Rhymes and metre
60
6.1.4
Direct evidence
60
6.2
Sound change
61
6.2.1
Phonemic change
61
6.2.2
Contextual change
61
6.2.3
Lexical change
62
6.2.4
Foreign imports
62
6.2.5
Accentual change
62
6.2.6
The influence of spelling
63
6.3
Old English (OE)
63
6.3.1
Classical Old English sound system
64
6.4
Middle English (ME)
65
6.4.1
Late Middle English sound system
65
6.5
Early Modern English (eModE)
66
6.5.1
Early Modern English sound system
68
6.6
Towards current General British
(GB)
69
6.6.1
Direct evidence
69
6.6.2
Changes since Shakespeare
70
6.7
Overview of changes from OE to current General
British
(GB)
*~
71
6.7.1
Categorical change, gradual change and variation
71
6.7.2
Vowel changes
72
6.7.3
Consonantal changes
73
viii Contents
7
Standard and regional
accents
74
7.1
The emergence
of a standard
74
7.2
Early uses of received and received pronunciation
16
7.3
Daniel Jones, the BBC, RP and
GB
77
7.4
Modern RP
78
7.5
Other names for RP
78
7.6
General British
(GB)
80
7.7
Conspicuous General British (CGB)
81
7.8
Regional General British (RGB)
81
7.9
GB
and foreign learners
82
7.10
Recent changes in
GB
83
7.10.1
Changes almost complete
83
7.10.2
Changes well established
83
7.10.3
Recent trends
85
7.11
Systems and standards other than
GB
and their
influence on RGB
85
7.12
Comparing systems of pronunciation
86
7.12.1
General American (GA)
87
7.12.2
Standard Scottish English (SSE)
88
7.12.3
London English, Estuary English
(ЕЕ)
and
Multicultural London English (MLE)
89
7.12.4
General Northern English (GNE)
91
7.12.5
Australian English
(ANE)
92
7.12.6
Caribbean English
93
8
The English vowels
96
8.1
The distinctive vowels
96
8.2
Vowel glides with preceding /j.w/
98
8.3
Glides to
[э]
100
8.4
Vowel length
100
8.4.1
Phonetic relationships
100
8.4.2
Morphophonemic alternations
102
8.5
Transcriptions of English vowels
103
8.6
Acoustics of
GB
vowels
104
8.7
Learning of vowels
109
8.7.1
Acquisition of vowels by native learners
109
8.7.2
Advice to foreign learners
109
8.8
Descriptions of the vowels
110
8.9
(Relatively) pure vowels
111
8.9.1
Híí
111
8.9.2
/i/
113
Contents ix
116
118
119
121
123
126
128
130
132
135
137
140
140
142
144
146
148
150
153
153
155
157
158
The English consonants
161
9.1
The distinctive consonants
161
Class A: Obstruents
162
9.2
Plosives
162
9.2.1
The phonetic features of English plosives
163
9.2.2
Acoustic features of English plosives
167
9.2.3
Acquisition of plosives by native learners
169
9.2.4
The release stage of English plosives
169
9.2.5
Bilabial plosives /p,b/
173
9.2.6
Alveolar plosives / ,d/
175
9.2.7
Velar plosives /k^g/
179
9.2.8
Glottal plosive
[?] 182
9.3
Affricates
186
9.3.1
Palato-alveolar affricates
/^сђ/
188
9.4
Fricatives
192
9.4.1
Acoustic features of English fricatives
194
9.4.2
Acquisition of fricatives by native learners
195
8
.9.3
/e/
8
.9.4
/ει/
8
.9.5
/a/
8
.9.6
/л/
8
.9.7
/αϊ/
8
.9.8
/d/
8
.9.9
/зі/
8.
9.10
/и/
8.
9.11
/u:/
8.
9.12
/з:/
8.
9.13
/э/
8.
10
Diphthongal vowel glides
8.
10.1
/ei/
8.
10.2
/ai/
8.
10.3
/зі/
8.
10.4
/эи/
8.
10.5
/ao/
8.
11
Diphthongs
+
[э]
8.
12
Centring diphthongs
8.
12.1
/із/
8.
12.2
/иэ/
8.
13
Vowels
;
in syllables without primary accent
8.
14
The frequency of occurrence of
GB
vowels
χ
Contents
9.4.3 Labiodental
fricatives
/f,v/
196
9.4.4
Dental
fricatives
/θ,ο/
198
9.4.5
Alveolar
fricatives /s,z/
200
9.4.6
Palato-alveolar fricatives
/ƒ,3/
203
9.4.7
Glottal
fricative /h/
206
9.5
Voiced and voiceless as phonological categories
208
Class
В:
Sonorants
209
9.6
Nasals
209
9.6.1
Bilabial nasal
/m/
211
9.6.2
Alveolar nasal
/η/
213
9.6.3
Velar nasal /rj/
215
9.7
Oral approximants
217
9.7.1
Lateral approximant
/1/ 217
9.7.2
Post-alveolar approximant /r/
222
9.7.3
Palatal and labial-velar approximants
(or semi-vowels)
228
9.7.4
Unrounded palatal approximant /j/
229
9.7.5
Rounded labial-velar approximant /w/
232
9.8
The frequency of occurrence of
GB
consonants
235
PART I M
Words and connected speech
239
10
Words
241
10.1
Accent
241
10.2
Accent and prominence
242
10.3
Word accentual patterns
244
10.3.1
Roots
244
10.3.2
Suffixes
246
10.3.3
Prefixes
248
10.3.4
Secondary accent
248
10.3.5
Compounds
248
10.4
Word accentual instability
252
10.5
Distinctive word accentual patterns
253
10.6
Acquisition of word accent by native learners
255
10.7
Word accent
—
advice to foreign learners
255
10.8
Elision and epenthesis
256
10.9
Variability in the phonemic structure of words
258
10.10
Phonotactics
259
10.10.1
Word-initial phoneme sequences
260
10.10.2
Word-final phoneme sequences
261
Contents xi
10.10.3 Word-medial
syllable division
263
10.10.4
Inflexional suffix formation
265
10.10.5
Acquisition of phonotactics by native learners
267
10.10.6
Phonotactics
—
advice to foreign learners
267
10.11
Consonant harmony in the word structure
ornative
learners
268
11
Connected speech
270
11.1
Accent
270
11.2
Prominence, accent and rhythm
271
11.3
Weak forms
273
11.4
Acquisition of rhythm and weak forms by native learners
276
11.5
Rhythm and weak forms
—
advice to foreign learners
276
11.6
Intonation
277
11.6.1
The forms of intonation
277
11.6.1.1
Intonati
onal phrases
277
11.6.1.2
Primary accents
278
11.6.1.3
Types of nuclear tone
278
11.6.1.4
Secondary accents
281
11.6.1.5
The pitch of unaccented syllables
282
11.6.2
The functions of intonation
284
11.6.2.1
Intonational phrasing
284
11.6.2.2
Primary accents and new information
286
11.6.2.3
Primary accents on function words
288
11.6.2.4
Focusing adverbs
288
11.6.2.5
Some special accentings
290
11.6.2.6
The meanings of tones
291
11.6.2.7
The use of secondary accents
298
11.6.3
Regional variation in intonation
298
11.6.4
Pitch range
299
11.6.5
Intonation and punctuation
300
11.6.6
Acquisition of intonation by native learners
300
11.6.7
Intonation
—
advice to foreign learners
301
11.7
Hesitations
302
11.8
Voice quality
302
12
Words in connected speech
305
12.1
Citation forms and connected speech
305
12.2
Neutralisation of weak forms
305
12.3
Variation in the accentual pattern of words
307
12.4
Phonetic variations within words and at boundaries
308
xii Contents
12.4.1 Allophonic
variations
308
12.4.2
Phonemic variations
310
12.4.3
Voiced /voiceless variations
310
12.4.4
Nasality and labialisation
311
12.4.5
Variations of place
312
12.4.6
Elision
313
12.4.7
Liaison
315
12.4.8
Juncture
318
12.5
Stylistic variation
319
12.6
Frequency of occurrence of monosyllabic and
polysyllabic words
320
12.7
Advice to foreign learners
321
PART IV
Language teaching and learning
323
13
Teaching and learning the pronunciation of English as
an additional language
325
13.1
The place of pronunciation
325
13.2
Models and targets
326
13.2.1
Native speaker targets
326
13.2.2
GB
and Regional GBs
326
13.2.3
Amalgam English and International English
327
13.3
GB
and Regional GBs: priorities and tolerances
328
13.3.1
Consonants
328
13.3.1.1
Plosives
328
13.3.1.2
Fricatives
329
13.3.1.3
Affricates
329
13.3.1.4
Approximants
329
13.3.1.5
Nasals
329
13.3.1.6
Consonant clusters
330
13.3.2
Vowels
330
13.3.3
Accent and rhythm
333
13.3.4
Sounds in connected speech
334
13.3.5
Intonation
334
13.4
Amalgam English: priorities and tolerances
335
13.4.1
Consonants
336
13.4.1.1
Plosives
336
13.4.1.2
Fricatives
336
13.4.1.3
Affricates
337
Contents xiii
13.4.1.4 Approximants 337
13.4.1.5 Nasals 337
13.4.1.6
Consonant clusters
337
13.4.2
Vowels
338
13.4.3
Accentuation, intonation and connected speech
340
13.4.4
Summary: Amalgam English
340
13.5
International English: priorities and tolerances
341
13.5.1
Consonants
341
13.5.1.1
Plosives
341
13.5.1.2
Fricatives
342
13.5.1.3
Affricates
342
13.5.1.4
Approximants
342
13.5.1.5
Nasals
343
13.5.1.6
Consonant clusters
343
13.5.2
Vowels
343
13.5.3
Accentuation, intonation and connected speech
343
13.5.4
Summary: International English
344
13.6
Teaching methods
345
13.6.1
Consonants
346
13.6.2
Vowels
347
13.6.3
Accentuation
348
13.6.4
Intonation
349
13.7
Pronouncing dictionaries
349
13.8
Assessment
350
13.8.1
Comprehension
350
13.8.2
Production
351
Selective glossary
353
References
358
Index
374
Since it was first published in
1962,
Gimson
s
Pronunciation of English has been
the essential reference book for anyone studying or teaching the pronunciation
of English.
This eighth edition has been brought fully up to date, describing what is now
termed General British
(GB)
as the accent of principal consideration and relin¬
quishing the outdated expression RP , and the accompanying transcription has
been updated in line with recent changes in pronunciation. This latest edition
also includes completely rewritten chapters on the history of the language and
the emergence of a standard, alongside an explanation for the change from RP
to
GB.
A further bonus to this important text is its extensive and attractive new companion
website (www.routledge.com/cw/cruttenden), which now includes moment-by-
moment commentaries on videos showing the articulation of all
GB
consonants
and vowels in spoken phrases, as well as cross-referencing between the book
and these videos. The companion website also includes new recordings of Old
English, Middle English, and Early Modern English, and features links to recordings
of recent and current
GB
with comments and transcriptions.
Comprehensive yet accessible, Gimson
s
Pronunciation of English remains the
indispensable reference book for anyone with an interest in English phonetics.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cruttenden, Alan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129573744 |
| author_facet | Cruttenden, Alan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cruttenden, Alan |
| author_variant | a c ac |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041765746 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PE1135 |
| callnumber-raw | PE1135 |
| callnumber-search | PE1135 |
| callnumber-sort | PE 41135 |
| callnumber-subject | PE - English Languages |
| classification_rvk | HD 198 HF 190 HF 210 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)870198500 (DE-599)BSZ399954104 |
| dewey-full | 421/.5822 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 421 - Writing system, phonology, phonetics |
| dewey-raw | 421/.58 22 |
| dewey-search | 421/.58 22 |
| dewey-sort | 3421 258 222 |
| dewey-tens | 420 - English & Old English (Anglo-Saxon) |
| discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
| edition | 8. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Einführung |
| id | DE-604.BV041765746 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:04:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415721745 9781444183092 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027211843 |
| oclc_num | 870198500 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-29 DE-861 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-29 DE-861 DE-83 |
| physical | XXVI, 381 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cruttenden, Alan Verfasser aut Gimson's pronunciation of English Alan Cruttenden Pronunciation of English 8. ed. London [u.a.] Routledge 2014 XXVI, 381 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Frühere Aufl. u.d.T.: Gimson, Alfred C.: An introduction to the pronunciation of English Includes bibliographical references and index Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd rswk-swf Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 s DE-604 Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 s 2\p DE-604 Gimson, A. C. 1917-1985 Sonstige (DE-588)129573744 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-203-78496-9 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027211843&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027211843&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Cruttenden, Alan Gimson's pronunciation of English Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003877-4 (DE-588)4045830-1 (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_alt | Pronunciation of English |
| title_auth | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_exact_search | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_full | Gimson's pronunciation of English Alan Cruttenden |
| title_fullStr | Gimson's pronunciation of English Alan Cruttenden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gimson's pronunciation of English Alan Cruttenden |
| title_short | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_sort | gimson s pronunciation of english |
| topic | Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aussprache Phonetik Englisch Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027211843&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027211843&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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