Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ: podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Archeologické studijni materiály
21 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [154] - 156. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 183 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Kt.-Beil. |
| ISBN: | 9788087365649 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Archeologické studijni materiály |v 21 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
NEOLITICKÝ SÍDELNÍ AREÁL VE VOCHOVĚ
1.
ÚVOD
........................................................................................................................................................7
2.
HISTORIE NALEZIŠTĚ
........................................................................................................................10
2.1.
Přehled akcí
(M. Metlička)
............................................................................................................10
2.2.
Projekt Archeologického ústavu v Praze z let
1977-1980 .........................................................12
3.
PŘÍRODNÍ PODMÍNKY NEOLITICKÉ LOKALITY
(M. METLIČKA)
........................................18
4.
POPIS TERÉNNÍ SITUACE A OBJEKTU
..........................................................................................26
4.1.
Situace výzkumu
............................................................................................................................26
4.2.
Popis objektů
..................................................................................................................................26
4.3.
Postneolitické nálezy a komponenty na nalezišti
.....................................................................63
5.
SÍDELNÍ AREÁL KULTURY
S
LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU
...........................................................114
5.1.
Sídelní areál objektů
s
lineární keramikou a komplexy domů
..............................................114
5.2.
Segmenty nádob v komplexech domů
.....................................................................................125
5.3.
Kvantitativní analýza lineární výzdoby
...................................................................................125
5.4.
Diskuse
к
výzdobě jako
validace
analýzy
................................................................................125
5.5.
Relativní chronologie vochovských domů
...............................................................................126
6.
KRUHOVÝ RONDEL I
-
KULTURY
S VYPÍCHANOU
KERAMIKOU
......................................127
7.
NEOLITICKÁ KAMENNÁ INDUSTRIE
.........................................................................................130
7.1.
Štípaná industrie
..........................................................................................................................130
7.2.
Broušená industrie a ostatní kamenné artefakty
.....................................................................130
7.3.
Drobné nálezy
...............................................................................................................................132
8.
REKONSTRUKCE A INTERPRETACE RONDELU I
....................................................................133
9.
NEOLITICKÝ RONDEL
II
OBJEVENÝ V ROCE
2004
(M. METLIČKA)
....................................139
9.1.
Drobná sondáž příkopu na severozápadním okraji pole
.......................................................140
9.2.
Závěrečné zhodnocení
.................................................................................................................141
10.
POSTAVENÍ VOCHOVA V NEOLITICKÉM OSÍDLENÍ PLZEŇSKA
(I. PAVLŮ,
M. METLIČKA)
..............................................................................................................142
LITERATURA
...........................................................................................................................................145
SUMMARY
...............................................................................................................................................148
REJSTŘÍK ARCHEOLOGICKÝCH AKCÍ NA LOKALITĚ VOCHOV PODLE LET
.....................154
REJSTŘÍK KATASTRŮ
S
LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU
.........................................................................155
SEZNAM VYOBRAZENÍ A TABULEK -LIST OF
FIGURES AND TABLES
.................................156
SUMMARY
This work contains the complete documentation
of the field researches in
1977-1980
and in
2004.
However, it only concentrates on Neolithic finds,
especially pottery and stone tools. Some categories
of non-pottery finds, e.g. wood charcoal and ani¬
mal bones, have been omitted, because the fills of
the excavated features are too heterogeneous to
form a solid context.
Between
1977
and
1980,
the Prague Institute of
Archaeology conducted a research in Vochov, led
by
I. Pavlů.
In
1977,
the researchers explored fea¬
tures
1
to
17,
coming from the Linear Pottery,
Stroked Pottery and
La Tene
periods. At that time,
the first traces of palisade trenches and ditches of
a Neolithic rondel were discovered (I.
Pavlů, ARÚ
Praha,
no.
5728/77).
In
1978,
features
18
to
41
were
excavated. Then the research continued by uncov¬
ering the rondel, where not only Neolithic features
but also Halstatt and
La Tene
features were found.
In the same year, the research was joined by J. Rulf
and P.
Braun (I. Pavlů, ARU Praha,
no.
6381 /78).
In
1979,
features
42
to
75
were excavated, together
with a fenced-in circular area (I.
Pavlů, ARÚ
Praha,
no.
4986/79).
In
1980,
the research was con¬
cluded by excavating the last zone, containing fea¬
tures
76
to
129
(I. Pavlů, ARÚ Praha,
no.
5573/80).
Beside a Neolithic settlement to which the rondel
belonged, residential features from the Halstatt,
Late La Tene
and Roman periods were detected
(Pavlů
1982,178).
In
2004,
agricultural works on a slope in the left-
bank micro-area revealed visible dark spots, sig¬
nifying the presence of archaeological features
mostly from the Neolithic, disrupted by plough¬
ing. A surface survey followed, discovering a hith¬
erto unknown Neolithic rondel on the top of the
hill, which was later confirmed by aerial survey.
Its ditch was discernible from the ground, and
therefore it was possible to conduct geodetic meas¬
urement, trenching and geophysical survey.
Ten years after the last excavations in Bylany,
another suitable settlement in another Bohemian
region was looked for in order to obtain material
for comparison. In the end, the
Plzeň
region was
chosen, because it had already been known and
described by scholars as geographically and de-
mographically isolated and, unlike other regions,
bordered by natural boundaries. Here, a project
was conducted, focusing on the known settle¬
ments in the
Mže
river basin. The research started
near
Krimice,
where it was to draw upon the find¬
ings of a
1971
trenching. The rescue research in
Krimice in 1971
should have been followed by first
excavations in the autumn of
1977,
but the agro-
technical conditions were not suitable at that time.
Therefore, a trenching in Vochov was chosen as a
back-up plan.
All features are briefly described in a way illus¬
trated by this example:
Pit group
1,
located in the
1/77
trenching trench,
metres
6-13,
excavated between September 29th,
1977,
and July 16th,
1978.
It is an irregular pit group
of an oblong shape, stretching in the north-south
direction, with three pits in the west marked as a,
b, and
с
from south to north. In the east, there is a
broad flat terrace. The north-eastern wall of pit a is
-170
disrupted by feature
14 -
a part of the main ditch.
In the western part of pit c, there is a circular de¬
pression
-
a silo. Adjacent to its south-western wall
is feature
13-а
fireplace. The black fill near the
bottom is mixed with loess. In pit a, the fill is lay¬
ered, whereas in the silo it is homogeneous and
separated from the overburden by daub (Fig.
11;
finds, see Figs.
37, 38;
Stroked Pottery finds, see
Fig.
67,
chipped industry finds, see Fig.
73;
pol¬
ished industry finds, see Fig.
81).
The homogeneity of Linear Pottery in the com¬
plexes, as well as the identical manner in which
these complexes were created by cultural and nat¬
ural processes, can be indicated by the relative in¬
cidence of vessel segments. These segments have
been categorised as follows: whole vessels, rim
fragments, wall fragments, bottom fragments, and
fragments containing remnants of projection bases
or handles. A correspondence analysis (Fig. 71-a)
has shown that, in the first factor, the incidence of
all these segments falls between the values of
0
and
-0.25.
In the second factor, the values concen¬
trate around zero, with projections bases being
negative and handles being positive.
The segment analysis makes it possible to con¬
sider the complexes as sets of pits whose contents
have undergone a more or less identical formation
process throughout their post-systemic period
until the present. No matter how damaged their
original systemic relations may be, their composi¬
tion has enabled us to compare their relative be¬
haviour by other features as well: especially by
linear decoration techniques, which we consider
to be the decisive indicator of the chronology of in¬
dividual complexes. A correspondence analysis of
linear decoration features has given us an inter¬
pretation of the chronological order of the Ne¬
olithic buildings (Fig.
72).
Clear qualitative differences between individ¬
ual houses have shown that there are at least five
buildings from five different settlement stages of
the Vochov site (Fig.
115).
If the size of the site can
be estimated to be about
20
ha, then the excavated
area would only constitute a sample of
1%.
At least
in the uncovered part, the site is quite densely
built-up. If the density were the same in most parts
of the assumed total area, then the entire Vochov
site would comprise remnants of dozens, or even
hundreds, of houses. Beside ground plans of
houses, the excavated area also contained several
larger clay pits, which have not been included into
the analysis, namely feature
98
in the south and
features
75
and
121
in the north. They only con¬
tained few fragments with linear decoration, and
almost all of them were left by an earlier popula¬
tion. Those in the north might have belonged to
house
129
and those in the south might possibly
be related to another house, not yet uncovered,
which would be situated to the southwest of the
excavation boundary. This house might then be
contemporary to house
129,
as their distance al¬
lows for it.
The Late Neolithic circular rondel is formed by
five concentric circular trenches, most of which
have been excavated and explored. Its eastern part
remains inaccessible because of the regulated wa¬
tercourse of the
Vochovský
creek, which now
flows through the rondel. The north-eastern part
was not visible before excavation, probably be¬
cause the upper loess layer had eroded to the grav¬
elly subsoil. The ideal pattern of the concentric
circles would centre around a point about
1
metre
south of the centre of the G5 sector, and their ra¬
diuses would be 8.5m,
12.0
m,
14.5
m,
17.5
m, and
23.5
m
respectively. In reality, the trenches do not
fully respect this pattern, neither in shape nor in
location. They do not form exact circles and they
open slightly in the south-eastern and north-west¬
ern ends. The fourth trench, counted from the cen¬
tre, is slightly flattened in its north-western part,
and so is the fifth trench.
A complete interruption of both ditches is only
visible on their north-western side. It corresponds
with the interruption of the third palisade trench,
where a small
posthole,
narrowing the entrance
even more, was found in the middle. However,
neither the first nor the second palisade trench is
interrupted. On the south-western side of the cir¬
cle, the outer ditch ends and the third palisade is
terminated with an intentional bend. No other
trenches, including the main ditch, are interrupted.
On the north-eastern side, the outer ditch is dis¬
rupted by an uprooted tree. The other trenches
have not been detected at all in this direction. A
short trenching trench was made beyond the
boundary of the excavation in the south-east di¬
rection, but no continuing palisade trenches were
revealed, which might indicate the presence of an-
171 -
other entrance. To sum it up, we can say that the
whole system was not easy to enter from the four
cardinal directions. Two inner palisade trenches
are interrupted, but not in the axes of the cardinal
directions, and it is not clear whether these inter¬
ruptions are intentional. The first one is in the sec¬
ond trench in the bottom of pit group
18,
and the
other one is in the first trench on the southern side.
However, in both cases the interruption may come
from the varying depth of the trenches in relation
to the excavation level.
The original interpretation of the ditch-filling
mechanisms
(Pavlů
1982: 180-181)
can now be
amended in a few aspects. The ideal threefold di¬
vision of the longitudinal view has been consis¬
tently documented in sections
51/3-6
and
78/1-6.
The middle layer is not separated in
51/2
and the
view of
78/5
appears to be more complex. The lay¬
ering is best visible in
78/6
with alternating light
and dark thin layers, which can be explained by
the idea that the ditch was alternately filled by
dark humus from the surroundings of the ditch
and by a lighter fill, coming probably from the ad¬
jacent embankment rather than from the collaps¬
ing walls of the ditch itself. Contrary to the original
interpretation, it seems more probable today that
the embankment, made of the soil dug from the
ditch, had only been built on the outer side. The
inner side was directly lined with a wall of posts
that might have been a part of the three inner pal¬
isade trenches, for which various interpretations
have been offered.
If we return to the original interpretation of the
longitudinal view as divided into ten layers, it is
evident that these layers were most probably cre¬
ated by a wash-down from the earlier residential
surface around the ditch. This material gradually
filled the bottom of the ditch, whose depth in¬
creases towards the east. The layers created by the
wash-down are horizontal only in some parts, as
evidenced by the longitudinal view in sections
78/1-4, 78/6-51/4
and
51/7-51/8.
In other parts,
e.g.
78/5
and
51 /2,
the longitudinal view shows a
more complex layering, with some layers forming
wedges or the fill accumulating in the thicker
layer. An example of this is the wedge of the lower
layer in
78/5
and of the upper layer in
78/6,
or the
accumulation of the lower and middle layers in
51/2.
Section
78
can be reconstructed as follows:
-
upper layer
8
with contexts
177+178+
181+184+186+189+191
(cf.
Table
4
to see the fea¬
ture number, part and layer under each context
number);
-
middle layer
7
with contexts
179+182+
185+187;
-
lower layer 6a with contexts
180+183+
188.
Section
51
consists of:
-
upper layer 6b with contexts
192+194+
137+133+130+126+123,
which can be connected to
the middle layer of section
78;
-
middle layer
4
with contexts
190+194+
137+133+130+126+123,
which can be connected to
the lower layer of section
78;
-
lower layer
3
with contexts
195+196+
138+134+127+124.
It has already been stated in a previous work
that the vertical trend of the ratio of decorated pot¬
tery to non-decorated pottery, shown by the ditch
profile, is inverse for the Linear Pottery culture
and the Stroked Pottery culture
(Pavlů
1982: 182).
Based on this ratio, the ditch has been dated closer
to Stroked Pottery than to Linear Pottery, although
the latter is quantitatively predominant. This data
can be supplemented by the ratio of pottery frag¬
ments of the
В
fraction, i.e. fragments larger than
6
cm. Stroked Pottery fragments of this type ap¬
pear mostly in the two upper layers
- 8 (33.3%)
and 6b
(36.4%) -
and are absent in the middle lay¬
ers, while only one has been found in the lower
layer
3,
which amounts to
16.7%
compared to the
five Linear Pottery fragments. This one fragment is
a part of the rim and body of a large pot (Tab.
62)
with a vertical oval projection. This find is the only
one which can be deemed contemporary, or
chronologically close, to the end of functioning of
the ditch. The other large Stroked Pottery frag¬
ments, coming from the upper layers, would then
be older.
However, the ditch bottom did not yield any in
situ pottery that could be directly connected to
the time of existence and functioning of the ditch,
as had been expected. The ceramic waste in the
ditch fill thus sets a terminus post quern for the
functioning of the ditch, although the time lag
-172
might not have been very long. The location of any
pottery contemporary to the time when the ditch
was a part of the residential area remains a ques¬
tion. The answer depends largely on the interpre¬
tation of the purpose of the ditch.
The Vochov I rondel, named so in the most re¬
cent listing
(Řídký
2011,34),
was discovered as the
first of all
23
rondels registered so far in Bohemia.
All known Bohemian rondels are now docu¬
mented by excavation, aerial survey and geo¬
physical survey. Both Vochov rondels constitute a
local concentration of rondels in the
Plzeň
region
-
a multi-rondel site, which is something not very
frequent in Bohemia. Most recently, a concentra¬
tion of four rondels of different types was discov¬
ered before the construction of the city bypass of
Kolin in 2008
(Šumberová
2012).
The ditches of Vo¬
chov I are flat-bottomed, while the ditch of Vochov
II is V-shaped. Vochov I belongs to the category of
two-ditch rondels, which is less numerous in Bo¬
hemia, whereas Vochov II is a one-ditch rondel,
which is the more numerous category. With its
three palisade trenches and simple entrances
(probably four of them), Vochov I is a typical ex¬
ample of the type which is common in the south¬
west of Bohemia. In terms of size, both Vochov I
and Vochov II rank among the smaller of Bo¬
hemian rondels. An important aspect is that they
lack a large outer fence, which is an attribute oc¬
curring (or at least documented) only exception¬
ally, e.g. in the Bylany I rondel.
There are three possible scenarios of the con¬
struction of the Vochov palisade:
a) A simple walk-through palisade or a not very
tight fence analogous to that of the
Těšetice
rondel.
In this scenario, it is questionable whether the few
postholes between the trenches belonged to the
structure at all. The entrance through the western
gateway is only hindered by section
79/3
of the
middle palisade, which is clearly documented as
uninterrupted in the direction of the adjacent
trench sections. The entrance may have been en¬
abled only by going around it, unless there was a
bridge. Another fact suggesting that the entrance
was intentionally made difficult is
posthole 35/4
in the third palisade. The palisade would then
form some kind of a fence around the inner space
of the rondel, which, however, would not enable
us to specify the function of the rondel.
b) A compact palisade, possibly reinforced with
soil, analogous to that of the Svodin rondel. The
inner rows of postholes and the relatively deep
middle palisade trench may indicate that the wall
consisted of a supporting structure and an inner
fortifying material. If so, then the main defence
system was formed by this wall, not by the main
ditch, which was not much of an obstacle due to
its small size. Such a wall would even make it pos¬
sible to defend the rondel from the top of the em¬
bankment, as was common in historical
fortifications. The palisade may also have had a
socio-cultic function, serving as bleachers for spec¬
tators watching some kind of games.
c) An independent structure running along the
inner bank of the ditch. This is a possibility that
has not been considered yet. Even the authors of
this work have rejected this scenario after a short
discussion, as all attempts to find a house within
the circle of any rondel have been unsuccessful so
far, except the special case of
Bučany
and
Bulhary.
There are several arguments that speak against
this idea: A threefold palisade with two additional
rows of posts is quite a rare find, and moreover,
the Svodin rows are not symmetrical lengthwise.
Also, the middle row is exceptionally deep,
whereas in long houses, quite on the contrary, it is
usually shallow. On the other hand, it can be ar¬
gued that one or two palisades might be absent
just because no archaeological traces of them have
been preserved. Palisade trenches do not always
keep the same distance all along their length, and
they are often connected to various structures in
gateways. This interpretation is the only one that
might suggest that the rondel served as a shelter,
similar to a caravanserai. Another argument for
this idea is that rondels are often situated along
watercourses.
To sum up all knowledge about the Vochov I
rondel, taking into account its location in the re¬
gion as well as the finds discovered in its fill, we
must say that we lack any solid indication of its
function and therefore have to stick to the general
notion of socio-cultic activities related to the regu¬
lar circular shape of rondels. The idea of such ac¬
tivities is applicable even to rondels situated
outside, or on the periphery of, residential areas,
like both Vochov rondels are. The only artefactual
evidence is a stone stele, probably preserved in a
173 —
secondary position (Figs.
104-105).
More specific
theories, such as a short-time gathering place for
people from the wider neighbourhood, fall outside
the realm of archaeological facts.
A new discovery in the Neolithic residential
area was made in the autumn of
2004,
when
prominent dark spots, signifying the presence of
residential features disrupted by ploughing, be¬
came visible in a field above a dirt road in a place
called
Za Tratí ,
to the east of Vochov. In the
north-west, the field is adjacent to the reclaimed
clay pit of the one-time Lobkowicz brickworks
(where many Neolithic finds have been discovered
since the 1900s, including the famous female
sculpture of
1947;
see chapter History of the
site ). A detailed surface survey and aerial imag¬
ing was conducted to determine the course of the
ditch in the terrain, in order to perform geodetic
and GPS measurements. It had rained and the
darker strip was well visible, together with both
outward bent arms of the north-eastern street-like
entrance, which were about
5
m long.
The width of
the ditch on the level of the ploughed field was
measured to be
3
m. In order to determine its
width on the subsoil level and its course beyond
the edges of the field, strips
30
cm wide were dug
to the depth of the loess subsoil on the north-west¬
ern and the south-western edges of the field, in
places where the ditch was leaving the field. In
both places, both ditch banks were detected and
the width was found to be
3.20
m. In a section
where the ditch had a different colour, more de¬
tailed excavation was conducted, yielding a small
amount of pottery fragments including two frag¬
ments typical for the Stroked Pottery culture. The
fill of the ditch was middle brown and loamy,
whereas the fill of Neolithic features both inside
and outside the circle was black, or dark brown-
grey to black in later features.
The newly-discovered Vochov II rondel is situ¬
ated on the top of a hill in the elevation of
342-346
m
(Figs.
123-133).
Approximately one third of its
circumference has been preserved, with
1-2
en¬
trances, and its diameter was calculated by GPS
measurements to be
70
m. Its dating is only possi¬
ble in rough estimates so far. A fragment from the
late stage of Stroked Pottery, found in the latest
part of the ditch, has indicated that the rondel be¬
longed to the Stroked Pottery culture. The south¬
eastern and north-eastern slopes of the Vochov II
rondel hill are skirted by the
Vochovský
creek,
whose bank was occupied by the centre of a Ne¬
olithic residential area with several population
phases, including both the Linear Pottery culture
and the Stroked Pottery culture.
The
Plzeň
region, with its natural
géomorpho¬
logie
situation, had been special as a residential
territory ever since the Neolithic because of the
character of its watercourse network, to which the
residential areas were usually bound. While in
other regions, e.g. the
Kolín
region, we can distin¬
guish settlements on streams of lower and higher
orders, the
Plzeň
settlements are usually situated
on streams of the third to fifth
orographie
order.
Out of the five main tributaries of the
Berounka,
the settlement concentrates mostly on the
Úhlava,
Úslava, Radbuza
and
Mže.
As of today, there are
more than
75
known Neolithic settlements (or res¬
idential micro-areas, to be precise) in almost
50
sites (Fig.
83).
They are situated not only along
Southwest Bohemian rivers, as had been accepted
until recently, but also along the upper and mid¬
dle courses of their tributaries, sometimes not far
from headwater areas. In the south of the
Plzeň
re¬
gion, it is for example
Lisina
and
Merklín
in the
Merklinka basin,
Soběkury
and
Černotín
in the
Dnešický
basin, and Lochousice and
Ves Touškov
in the
Touškovský
basin. In recent years, the pop¬
ulated territory has been found to have extended
much further upstream the
Úhlava
and
Radbuza.
Several settlements have been discovered on the
Úhlava,
one of which, containing a rich group of
layers with Linear Pottery and Stroked Pottery fea¬
tures, was excavated in the built-up area of
Přeštice,
near the main square. The populated ter¬
ritory had extended as far as the borders of the
Klatovy
district
(Lužany, Borový).
The main axis of the territory upstream of the
Berounka
is undoubtedly formed by the
Radbuza,
with the main concentration of settlements along
its middle course:
Dobřany (Sochorová
2009, 21;
Novotná
2010, 22),
Vodní Újezd, Chotěšov and,
most recently,
Stod
(Sokol
2002, 851-876).
Impor¬
tant discoveries have recently been made here, re¬
vealing Neolithic residential areas on the upper
Radbuza
and its tributaries around
Horšovský
Týn:
more specifically, in
Polžice, Mašovice,
Otov
(Břicháček
-
Metlička
2001, 74-83),
Stankov
and
-174
Hlohovcice
(Břicháček
-
Metlička
2001,66-73).
The
populated territory of the upper
Radbuza
seems
to have been connected to Bavaria through the
Česká Kubice
-
Furth
im Wald
pass near
Čerchov,
a mountain peak which was a convenient land¬
mark. Until now, the only assumed route was the
one upstream the
Mže
and through today s Roz-
vadov, as indicated by an earlier find in
Stříbro
(Čtrnáct
1964,209;
Šaldová
1967, 24).
Now, in the
light of the new finds, this route does not seem
very probable anymore, which is also supported
by the fact that the
Česká Kubice
pass in the
Do¬
mažlice
region is a much more suitable link to the
Bavarian hornblende mines near Kelheim (Arn-
hofen, Baiersdorf, possibly even
Lengfeld).
No
chronology of the
Plzeň
region has been set out
yet, although many new Neolithic finds have ac¬
cumulated over the last few years and remain un¬
processed. The evolution of Linear Pottery in the
region begins with two sites:
Litice
on the un¬
named brook and
Malesice
on the
Mže
(Fig.
83).
The settlements in
Dobřany
and
Šťáhlavice,
previ¬
ously known as the earliest ones, belong probably
to a later type of the earliest Linear Pottery stage,
and so does
Krimiće.
Therefore, the aforemen¬
tioned two sites can be considered the pioneer set¬
tlements of the
Plzeň
region. The last phase of the
Linear Pottery population is represented by two
hill-top sites:
Druztová
and Milinov.
It has been impossible so far to set out a detailed
characteristic, let alone a quantitative one, of the
individual stages of Linear Pottery evolution, anal¬
ogous to that of the
Kutná Hora
region. To an ex¬
tent, most criteria used for the regional chronology
of
Kutná Hora
can be applied to the regional
chronology of
Plzeň
as well. The earliest period,
characterised by linear gouging decoration tech¬
nique, was followed by a period dominated by
bands and punctures (Kozolupy, feature
19/1971).
The prevalent decorative pattern is a wide band
formed by simply incised lines with an occasional
musical note. It is easy to distinguish it from the
latest period, characterised by a stroked line of the
Šárka
type accompanied by ornaments of dense
lines, often with musical notes. Typical finds of this
kind are those from the hill-top sites of
Druztová-
Věžky
and
Milínov-Lopata,
but they appear in a
few other sites as well
(Litice,
Krimice,
Stod).
Be¬
tween these two extreme periods of classic Linear
Pottery, it is possible to distinguish two more
groups of finds, differing in the type of musical
note decoration and in the character of ladder mo¬
tives inside the band. In the earlier period, the
fourth in the overall order, musical notes are
placed sparsely along the lines and the ladders are
wider. In the later period, the fifth in the overall
order, musical notes are more frequent and denser
and the vessel ornamentation consists of dense
lines. The ladders are significantly narrower.
Absolute dating of the Vochov I rondel based on
its pottery content is very difficult and inconclu¬
sive. In the main ditch, most finds are from the
Linear Pottery period or from the late Stroked Pot¬
tery period. This leads us to the estimate that the
functioning period of the ditch was sometime be¬
tween these two groups of finds, assuming that
finds from the functioning period itself are absent.
Therefore, any dating should rather be based on
information from other nearby sites. The material
from the ditch bottom of
Künzing-Unterberg
has
been dated to
4800-4700
ВС
(Riedhammer 2012),
which can serve us as a tentative dating for the Vo¬
chov I rondel as well. Dating of the Vochov II ron¬
del is no less difficult. The only fragment found in
the fill of the latest period of its ditch, in the depth
of
180
cm, falls into the later stage of the Stroke
Pottery culture, more specifically to phases
IVa
and IVb. Typologically, Vochov II belongs to the
most common type of Bohemian rondels, with one
V-shaped ditch and entrances (probably four of
them) formed by pincer-shaped outward bends of
the ditch, i.e. type
2
in
J. Rídký s
classification
(2011, 42-45).
Translated by
Čeněk Matocha
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172704669 (DE-588)1100737529 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041727472 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1645 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)876750245 (DE-599)HEB33633740X |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Pilsen Region (DE-588)4306707-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Pilsen Region |
| id | DE-604.BV041727472 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:03:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087365649 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027174317 |
| oclc_num | 876750245 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 DE-M157 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 DE-M157 |
| physical | 183 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Kt.-Beil. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Archeologické studijni materiály |
| series2 | Archeologické studijni materiály |
| spelling | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 Ivan Pavlu ; Milan Metlička Praha 2013 183 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Kt.-Beil. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Archeologické studijni materiály 21 Literaturverz. S. [154] - 156. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Pilsen Region (DE-588)4306707-4 gnd rswk-swf Pilsen Region (DE-588)4306707-4 g Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 s Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Pavlů, Ivan 1938- Sonstige (DE-588)172704669 oth Metlička, Milan 1962- Sonstige (DE-588)1100737529 oth Archeologické studijni materiály 21 (DE-604)BV000893962 21 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027174317&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027174317&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 Archeologické studijni materiály Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075272-0 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4306707-4 |
| title | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 |
| title_auth | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 |
| title_exact_search | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 |
| title_full | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 Ivan Pavlu ; Milan Metlička |
| title_fullStr | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 Ivan Pavlu ; Milan Metlička |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 Ivan Pavlu ; Milan Metlička |
| title_short | Neolitický sídelní areál ve Vochovĕ |
| title_sort | neoliticky sidelni areal ve vochove podle vyzkumu archeologickeho ustavu av cr v praze 1977 1980 a zapadoceskeho muzea v plzni 2004 |
| title_sub | podle výzkumu archeologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze 1977-1980 a západočeského muzea v Plzni 2004 |
| topic | Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neolithikum Funde Siedlung Ausgrabung Pilsen Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027174317&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027174317&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000893962 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pavluivan neolitickysidelniarealvevochovepodlevyzkumuarcheologickehoustavuavcrvpraze19771980azapadoceskehomuzeavplzni2004 AT metlickamilan neolitickysidelniarealvevochovepodlevyzkumuarcheologickehoustavuavcrvpraze19771980azapadoceskehomuzeavplzni2004 |